
	Where results make sense

Topic: Nuclear fuel

Related Topics

fossil fuel

fuel cell

fuel injection

Top Fuel

fuel efficiency

Alcohol fuels

Rocket Fuel

fuel oil

List of automotive fuel brands

fuel economy

solid fuel

diesel fuel

In the News (Mon 30 Nov 09)

Northern Trust

Marvin Harrison

Peter Chernin

Gary Locke

Match Play

Penelope Cruz

Mickey Rourke

AR Rahman

Danny Boyle

Hugh Jackman

	Nuclear fuel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Nuclear fuel is any material that can be consumed to derive nuclear energy, by analogy to chemical fuel that is burned to derive energy.
		H (tritium) are used as fuel for nuclear fusion.
		Metal actinide fuel is typically an alloy of zirconium, uranium, plutonium and the minor actinides.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nuclear_fuel (3716 words)

	Congressional testimony on nuclear fuel reprocessing
		Alternative nuclear fuel cycle options that employ separations, transmutation, and refined disposal (e.g., conservation of geologic repository space) must be contrasted with the current planned approach of direct disposal, taking into account the complete set of potential benefits and penalties.
		Thus, the solutions to long-term disposal of spent nuclear fuel are limited to three options: the search for a geologic environment that will remain stable for that period; the search for waste forms that can contain these elements for that period; or the destruction of these isotopes.
		The challenges of long-term geologic disposal of spent nuclear fuel are well recognized, and are related to the uncertainty about both the long-term behavior of spent nuclear fuel and the geologic media in which it is placed.
	www.anl.gov /Media_Center/News/2005/testimony050616.html (5181 words)

	Nuclear Energy is the most certain future source. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The heat from the fuel rods is absorbed by water which is used to generate steam to drive the turbines that generate the electricity.
		The longer the spent fuel is stored, the easier it will be to handle, but many reactors have been holding spent fuel so long that their tanks are getting full.
		If the fuel rods are kept in the reactor for the two years or so required for economical power generation, much of the Pu-239 atoms produced absorb another neutron and become Pu-240.
	www-formal.stanford.edu /jmc/progress/nuclear-faq.html (5270 words)

	Nuclear Free Seas Floatilla 2002 - Mox Fuel Information
		Once the uranium fuel rods in a nuclear reactor reach the end of their useful life (usually around three years) the fuel is unloaded and treated as highly radioactive nuclear waste.
		The waste nuclear fuel is so radioactive that it generates a large amount of heat and needs constant cooling - this is usually done by submerging the waste fuel rods in huge ponds of water at a nuclear power station.
		Nuclear reprocessing creates a great deal of waste from all the machinery, buildings, liquids and chemicals used, filters, clothing of the nuclear workers, etc. As a result reprocessing creates up to 180 times the volume of nuclear waste compared to the volume of the original waste nuclear fuel.
	www.nuclearfree.co.nz /mox.htm (2519 words)

	World Nuclear Association \| Education \| The Nuclear Fuel Cycle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Each fuel has its own distinctive fuel cycle: however the uranium or 'nuclear fuel cycle' is more complex than the others.
		The rods are then sealed and assembled in clusters to form fuel assemblies for use in the core of the nuclear reactor.
		Safeguards are accounting and auditing procedures applied to all nuclear materials in NPT countries, so that when they are used or traded their civil use can be verified.* It follows that uranium cannot be traded with any country which does not permit it to remain under NPT safeguards**.
	www.world-nuclear.org /education/nfc.htm (2581 words)

	Research \| Fission Engineering and Fuel Cycle \| Nuclear Science and Engineering Department @ MIT
		Nuclear power plants in the US have achieved record high capacity in recent years, while the performance of plants in other nations has been relatively stagnant.
		Using inert fuels that do not produce new fissile materials as hosts for actinides would enable burning of the actinides at the same rate as they are being produced.
		The reactor is part of the MIT Nuclear Reactor Laboratory, an interdepartmental laboratory that functions as an educational and research center for many MIT departments, as well as local universities and hospitals.
	web.mit.edu /nse/research/fission/fission_fuelcycle.html (1879 words)

	DOE - Global Nuclear Energy Partnership
		The challenge stems from the fact that certain technologies used to produce nuclear fuel, or separate out plutonium from used fuel, could be used to produce material for a nuclear weapon.
		These countries – fuel users – could receive the benefit of having a reliable supply of reactor fuel from fuel suppliers without having to make the significant infrastructure investments required for enrichment, recycling and disposal facilities.
		While the spent fuel would not necessarily have to be returned to the fuel cycle country that supplied it, the supplier country would retain the responsibility to ensure that the material is secured, safeguarded and disposed of in a manner that meets shared nonproliferation policies.
	www.gnep.energy.gov /gnepReliableFuelServices.html (525 words)

	Chemical & Engineering News: Latest News - U.S. Plans Nuclear Fuel Recycling
		The Bush Administration's plan to reprocess spent nuclear fuel will help expand nuclear power production worldwide while reducing the risk that plutonium and other radioactive weapon components will fall into the hands of terrorists, Energy Secretary Samuel W. Bodman told a conference on nuclear energy in Washington, D.C., Monday.
		Under the envisioned Global Nuclear Energy Partnership, or GNEP, the U.S. and other countries with advanced nuclear technologies would provide fresh fuel for power reactors around the world and then recover the spent fuel for recycling.
		Putting this material back into reactors as fuel, he explained, would greatly reduce the risk that it might be stolen or seized for destructive purposes.
	pubs.acs.org /cen/news/84/i08/8408nuclearfuel.html (234 words)

	Nuclear Fuel Cycle
		The price of uranium, used to fuel nuclear power plants that generate about 16 percent of the world's electricity, has increased significantly in the past year due to demand from nuclear utilities that rose faster than mine production and drew down stockpiles.
		Japan Nuclear Fuel Ltd., the operator, plans to put the reprocessing plant into full operation in August 2007 to reprocess some 800 tons of spent nuclear fuel a year into more than 4 tons of plutonium which will be used as uranium-and-plutonium mixed fuel at the country's nuclear power plants.
		Japan Nuclear Fuel, a national-policy organization established by the country's nine regional utility firms and 84 power-related firms, said the test run, which it calls active tests, will last for 17 months.
	nuclearfuelcycle.blogspot.com (1344 words)

	Japan's Nuclear Fuel Cycle: Japan's Nuclear Fuel Cycle Facilities
		JNFL is making steady progress in the construction of its reprocessing plant, which forms the core of nuclear fuel cycle facilities in Rokkasho.
		In October and November 2000, prior to receiving any spent fuel at the facilities, JNFL concluded an agreement with local public authorities dealing with the safety of local citizens and protection of the area's environment.
		This is equivalent to the capacity to reprocess the spent fuel from thirty 1,000-MW-class nuclear power plants.
	www.japannuclear.com /nuclearpower/fuelcycle/facilities.html (914 words)

	Basic Principles
		The majority of nuclear reactors used in power plants world-wide are called thermal reactors because they use primarily thermal fission.
		They get produced from the fission in the fuel, bounce around a lot in the moderator and lose most of their energy, then cause fission (sometimes) or get absorbed in the fuel (and produce a more highly energized uranium isotope, which then decays into another material by gamma and/or beta decay).
		The fuel in the reactor is in the form of pellets of either uranium metal or uranium dioxide.
	www.nucleartourist.com /basics/basic.htm (861 words)

	Vulnerable Nuclear Fuel
		A classified report by nuclear experts assembled by the National Academy of Sciences has challenged the decision by federal regulators to allow commercial nuclear facilities to store large quantities of radioactive spent fuel in pools of water.
		The Bush administration has long defended the safety of the pools, and the nuclear industry has warned that moving large amounts of fuel to dry storage would be unnecessary and very expensive.
		Steven Kraft, director of waste management at the Nuclear Energy Institute, an industry group, said studies had shown that the pools are as safe as the dry casks - the same position adopted by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
	healthandenergy.com /vulnerable_nuclear_fuel.htm (1373 words)

	Nuclear fuel cycle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		If actinides are transmuted in a Sub critical reactor it is likely that the fuel will have to be able to tolerate more thermal cycles than conventional fuel.
		On-load refueling allows for the optimal fuel reloading problem to be dealt with continuously, leading to more efficient use of fuel.
		This is currently not done for civilian spent nuclear fuel in the US.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nuclear_fuel_cycle (3343 words)

	SPENT NUCLEAR FUEL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The first shipment of TMI-2 spent fuel and debris were moved March 31, 1999, meeting the milestone date in the 1995 Idaho Settlement Agreement.
		This 1995 agreement signed by the Department of Energy, the Navy, and the State of Idaho (often referred to as the Idaho Settlement Agreement) requires all DOE fuels to be placed in dry storage no later than December 31, 2023, and the removal of all fuels from the state by January 1, 2035.
		The SNF Project will decrease human and environmental risk by removing spent nuclear fuel from the present deficient storage conditions and placing it into safe cost-effective interim storage until a federal repository is available.
	web.em.doe.gov /em60/spentnuc_fuel.html (729 words)

	Are Nuclear Spent Fuel Pools Secure? - Council on Foreign Relations
		Most U.S. commercial nuclear power plants were designed with small spent fuel pools-- typically about 40 feet on a side holding hundreds of thousands of gallons of water--because it was assumed that the spent fuel would be sent off-site to be recycled within a couple of years after its removal.
		Second, spent fuel older than about five years is being removed in some plants and stored in massive steel and concrete dry casks on reinforced concrete pads. These dry casks have no moving parts.
		The committee recommended that the Nuclear Regulatory Commission review and upgrade its requirements for protecting fuel rods from theft by knowledgeable insiders, especially where individual rods or portions are rods are being stored in pools.
	www.cfr.org /publication/8967/are_nuclear_spent_fuel_pools_secure.html (3960 words)

	Nuclear Weapons Program - North Korea
		From 1965 through 1973 fuel (fuel elements) enriched to 10 percent was supplied to the DPRK for this reactor.
		The two 1,000 MW light-water nuclear reactors would be safer and would produce much less plutonium, in order to help boost the supply of electricity in the North, which is now in a critical shortage.
		At least two of the estimates are said to be based on the assumption that North Korea removed fuel rods from the 5-MW(e) reactor and subsequently reprocessed the fuel during slowdowns in the reactor's operations in 1990 and 1991.
	www.fas.org /nuke/guide/dprk/nuke/index.html (3083 words)

	NTI: Issue Brief: Russian Spent Nuclear Fuel
		Russia has approximately 15,000t of spent fuel, much of it in temporary storage at NPPs.[16,17] By 2025, this amount is expected to grow to 35,000t.[18] At present there are two reprocessing facilities in Russia: the aged RT-1 plant (at Mayak) in Chelyabinsk and the incomplete RT-2 in Zheleznogorsk (formerly Krasnoyarsk-26).
		Environmentalists worry that the storage of additional nuclear fuel will increase the risk of an environmental disaster in an area where the environmental situation is already alarming.[28] The United States is pushing Russia instead to develop a geologic repository, like the U.S. Yucca Mountain facility, for long-term storage.
		However, housing imported spent fuel in a geologic repository conflicts with Minatom’s reprocessing plans and the argument that the imported spent fuel is only going to be stored in Russia temporarily.
	www.nti.org /e_research/e3_25a.html (3786 words)

	321energy :: Raid on nuclear fuel market : Rudo de Ruijter
		They happen to have in common to be nuclear weapon states, all disposing of uranium enrichment facilities.
		To use it as nuclear fuel the proportion of U-235 atoms has to be increased to 3 to 5 percent.
		When nuclear fuel has to be paid exclusively in dollars, demand for US-dollars and therewith the US hegemony will be assured for many decades to come.
	www.321energy.com /editorials/deruijter/deruijter050906.html (4498 words)

	GE Infrastructure- Nuclear Energy
		That's why we're committed to helping nuclear power plants operate safely and with greater efficiency and output.
		Today, nuclear energy supplies 16% of the world's electricity, avoiding the emission of about 2.5 billion tons of carbon dioxide every year that would otherwise be generated by fossil fuel solutions, such as supercritical pulverized coal.
		Four main product lines support this capability: new reactors, nuclear fuel, reactor services and performance services.
	www.ge-energy.com /prod_serv/products/nuclear_energy/en/index.htm (190 words)

	UIC - Nuclear Fuel Cycle
		Like coal, oil and natural gas, uranium is an energy resource which must be processed through a series of steps to produce an efficient fuel for use in generating electricity.
		The first enrichment plants were built in the USA and used the gaseous diffusion process, but more modern plants in Europe and Russia use the centrifuge process.
		After reprocessing the liquid high-level waste can be calcined (heated strongly) to produce a dry powder which is incorporated into borosilicate (Pyrex) glass to immobilise the waste.
	www.uic.com.au /nfc.htm (2590 words)

	Thorium Nuclear Fuel Cycle
		Thorium Facts (as related to nuclear fuel usage)
		For nuclear applications, also important are thorium's radiation stability and thorium dioxide's higher thermal conductivity.
		Natural thorium absorbs a neutron (in a reactor) to ultimately form Uranium-233 (U-233); the third nuclear fuel {see diagram below}.
	home.earthlink.net /~bhoglund/th_NuclearFuel.html (284 words)

	Westinghouse Electric Company, LLC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Westinghouse Electric Company provides fuel, services, technology, plant design, and equipment for the commercial nuclear electric power industry.
		Westinghouse nuclear technology will help provide future generations with safe, clean and reliable electricity.
		Westinghouse Subsidiary PaR Nuclear Wins Refueling Equipment Contract in Korea
	www.westinghousenuclear.com (60 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)