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Topic: Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing Plant

	Nuclear reprocessing - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The only reprocessing required, therefore, was the extraction of the plutonium (free of fission-product contamination) from the spent natural uranium fuel.
		The Global Nuclear Energy Partnership, announced by the secretary of the Department of Energy, Samuel Bodman, on February 6, 2006, is a plan to form an international partnership to reprocess spent nuclear fuel in a way that renders the plutonium in it usable for nuclear fuel but not for nuclear weapons.
		Thorp nuclear fuel reprocessing plant and B205 at Sellafield, note that at Sellafield (Windscale) that a series of other older plants were used in the past.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nuclear_fuel_reprocessing_plant (2778 words)

	Sellafield - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Fuel for the reactor consisted of rods of uranium metal, approximately 1 foot long by one inch in diameter, and clad in Aluminium [5].
		Following the commissioning of the Magnox reprocessing plant, B204 was itself recycled to become a pre-handling plant to allow oxide fuel to be reprocessed in the new plant, and was closed in 1973.
		Mixed oxide, or MOX fuel, is a blend of plutonium and natural uranium or depleted uranium which behaves similarly (though not identically) to the enriched uranium feed for which most nuclear reactors were designed.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sellafield (3036 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Nuclear reprocessing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		In March 1977, fear of nuclear weapons proliferation (especially after India demonstrated nuclear weapons capabilities using reprocessing technology) led President Jimmy Carter to issue a Presidential Directive to indefinitely suspend the commercial reprocessing and recycling of plutonium in the U.S. Other nations, however, have not followed suit and continue to reprocess spent nuclear fuel.
		Currently (March, 2005) reprocessing of commercial nuclear fuel to make MOX is done in England and France, and to a lesser extent in Russia, India and Japan.
		Reprocessing of spent commercial-reactor nuclear fuel is not permitted in the United States due to nonproliferation considerations.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Nuclear_reprocessing (2486 words)

	UK Nuclear Reprocessing Plant
		Technically, reprocessing is the chemical treatment of spent reactor fuel to separate the plutonium and uranium from spent fuel rods and from each other, to be used again as fuel (1).
		Typically, nuclear reprocessing plants, such as Thorp plant, carry out a chemical operation which separates the elements of the fuel rods; thereby extracting 97% uranium and plutonium which can be utilized again for energy purposes.
		After reprocessing, the nuclear waste is then shipped back to the country of origin in a glass form, resulting from a process known as vitrification.
	www.american.edu /ted/UKNUKE.HTM (3265 words)

	Materials Used in a Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing Plant (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Nuclear fuel reprocessing has been carried out at Sellafield in the UK since the 1950s and, over that period, has presented engineers with a wide variety of challenging materials problems.
		There is also a need to transport nuclear materials, i.e spent nuclear fuels from the power generators in the UK and abroad and wastes generated in the reprocessing operations which are transported back to the customer.
		The liquid waste generated during reprocessing is calcined and the resulting solid is mixed with glass frit before being melted and cast into stainless steel canisters on to which a lid is then welded.
	www.azom.com /details.asp?Articleid=627 (2986 words)

	Japan Nuclear Power Program (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Japan Nuclear Fuel Ltd. is to conduct a test run of its nuclear fuel reprocessing plant at Rokkashomura, Aomori Prefecture, next month.
		The plan is a very important one, as the fate of the nation's nuclear fuel cycle--designed to make the most effective use possible of uranium resources--depends upon it.
		When the reprocessing plant switches from trial to full operation, more than four tons of plutonium will be extracted from spent fuel a year, which will be burned if the plutonium-thermal projects go ahead as planned.
	www.japannuclear.com /pressroom/news/83-CC1dq260b9mIiGy7wfNk/view (250 words)

	Tokaimura nuclear fuel reprocessing plant reopens (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Workers at the plant of the state-run Japan Nuclear Cycle Development Institute, about 120 kilometers northeast of Tokyo, began reprocessing uranium solution taken from a fuel plant of JCO Co., also in Tokaimura, officials of the institute said.
		The plant will start Nov. 27 reprocessing spent nuclear fuel from the advanced thermal reactor ''Fugen'' in Tsuruga, Fukui Prefecture, and the reprocessing is expected to be completed by Dec. 19, the officials said.
		However, a local civic group against nuclear plants in the area said the group is opposing the resumption because authorities have not made public the analytical results of the uranium solution in the JCO plant and the reprocessing will destroy the evidence of the JCO accident.
	www.vanderbilt.edu /radsafe/0011/msg00314.html (321 words)

	NTI: Country Overviews: PAkistan: Nuclear Chronology
		He also says that the fuel is produced at the Kundian plant located at the Chashma site; but that Pakistan's indigenously produced fuel is going through a testing process and the PAEC is "quite happy" with the results.
		Pakistan invites bids for the proposed 900-1,000 MW nuclear power plant and issues tenders to "over a dozen qualified suppliers." The bidders were selected based on their interest in the project which is estimated to cost about $1.5 billion.
		U.S. intelligence sources also point out that the reprocessing and enrichment facilities are handled by the PAEC and the procurement of equipment and construction of nuclear plants is supervised by the Pakistani military.
	www.nti.org /e_research/profiles/Pakistan/Nuclear/5593_6115.html (8129 words)

	NTI: Country Overviews: PAkistan: Nuclear Chronology
		India's nuclear explosion in 1974 as well as the general instability in the region contributed to Pakistan's decision to acquire nuclear weapons.
		According to U.S. officials, photographs of the heavily guarded and elaborate Kahuta plant being constructed indicate that the objective of the facility is to produce enriched uranium.
		According to the PAEC chairman, the reprocessing plant would enable Pakistan to re-use 79% of the spent fuel and produce plutonium that could be used in the future breeder reactors.
	www.nti.org /e_research/profiles/Pakistan/Nuclear/5593_5678.html (11633 words)

	North Korea closer to nuclear bomb - theage.com.au
		North Korea is making preparations to start up a nuclear fuel reprocessing plant that makes plutonium usable as the fissile material in nuclear weapons, according to reports from Washington.
		In a reprocessing plant, spent fuel rods containing uranium and plutonium are stripped of their casing, chopped into small pieces and dissolved in hot nitric acid.
		Beginning to reprocess nuclear fuel would give credence to the view that North Korea was not just sabre-rattling but actually intended to develop nuclear arms, said British junior minister at the Foreign Office, Bill Rammell, who is in Tokyo to discuss the crisis.
	www.theage.com.au /articles/2003/02/28/1046407751209.html (543 words)

	SignOnSanDiego.com > News > World -- Radioactive water leak at Japanese nuke plant
		The fuel is central to Japan's plans to reduce its dependence on energy imports by building so-called fast-breeder reactors, which produce plutonium that can then be reused as fuel.
		Japan's 52 active nuclear plants already supply more than a third of its energy, and the government has said it wants to raise that to nearly 40 percent by 2010.
		The country's nuclear power industry, however, has been plagued by safety problems and shutdowns in recent years, including a 1999 reprocessing plant accident outside Tokyo that killed two workers and exposed hundreds to radioactivity.
	www.signonsandiego.com /news/world/20060412-0324-japan-nuclearleak.html (350 words)

	Tokai nuclear plant accident (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		A fire and a later explosion on March 11 at the Tokai nuclear fuel reprocessing plant in Ibaraki Prefecture have released a small quantity of radiation, affecting 37 plant workers.
		Although the amounts involved are small, both cesium and plutonium, which produced some of the alpha rays, may have impacts on health proportional to the exposure; any radiation, that is, could increase the probability of cancer later in life.
		With the Tokai plant closed, two tons of spent fuel remain in the separation facility awaiting reprocessing, and will emit radiation if left as is. The 16-year old Tokai site is Japan's only reprocessing facility and handles 12 percent of the nation's spent nuclear fuel.
	home.att.net /~jdurbin/tokai.htm (772 words)

	Fuel reprocessing news at nuclear.com
		Up until the mid-1970s the commercial nuclear industry was expected to operate several nuclear fuel reprocessing plants to recover fissile plutonium from virtually all of the commercial spent fuel from U.S reactors.
		Each reprocessing plant had one or two storage pools to receive and store the fuel temporarily until it was reprocessed.
		Japan Nuclear Fuel began to build the reprocessing plant in 1993 with an estimated cost of 760 billion yen.
	www.nuclear.com /index-Reprocessing.html (1314 words)

	Environment Health & Safety Professional Information Center: U.K. Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing Plant Closed Following ...
		Nigel Monckton, a spokesman for the British Nuclear Group which owns the license to run the Thorp plant, told BNA May 10 it was "unknown" how much the cleanup would cost or when the plant would be re-opened.
		The British Nuclear Group said its preliminary investigations had found that approximately 83 cubic meters of nuclear "liquor" had escaped from the pipe and onto the floor of the cell, and that as at May 10 engineers were still assessing how to recover the liquor and identifying the best means of repairing the pipeline.
		The Thorp plant is one of two nuclear fuel reprocessing plants at Sellafield, and is scheduled to be decommissioned by 2010.
	ehscenter.bna.com /pic2/ehs.nsf/id/BNAP-6CAFJQ?OpenDocument&... (485 words)

	Planet Ark : Safety fears over Japan spent nuclear fuel plant
		The plant at Rokkasho on the windswept northern tip of Japan's main island, Honshu, would be Japan's first commercial plant for reprocessing spent nuclear fuel.
		The Rokkasho plant is a key link in resource-poor Japan's ambitions to create a domestic nuclear fuel chain in which uranium recycled from spent fuel would be used repeatedly at nuclear power plants, the source of roughly a third of the domestic power supply.
		When completed, the plant will be capable of reprocessing 800 tonnes of the roughly 900 tonnes of spent nuclear fuel that pour out of Japan's nuclear power plants every year.
	www.planetark.org /dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/18749/story.htm (658 words)

	2ND LD: Japan's 1st full-fledged nuclear reprocessing plant begins trial run+
		Japan Nuclear Fuel Ltd., the operator, plans to put the reprocessing plant into full operation in August 2007 to reprocess some 800 tons of spent nuclear fuel a year into more than 4 tons of plutonium which will be used as uranium-and-plutonium mixed fuel at the country's nuclear power plants.
		Japan Nuclear Fuel denies the possibility of any adverse effects to human health from radioactive substances to be released into the air and sea during the test run.
		The start of the plant's test run represents a major step forward in Japan's attempt to establish a nuclear fuel cycle centering on the so-called "pluthermal" method, under which nuclear power plants will use oxide fuel mixed with plutonium and uranium to be extracted at the Rokkasho plant.
	www.tmcnet.com /usubmit/2006/03/31/1524579.htm (1276 words)

	Washington Group International - Energy & Environment - Nuclear / Hazardous Waste - Decontamination
		Portions of the former nuclear fuel reprocessing plant at West Valley are radioactive as a result of fuel reprocessing that took place from 1966 to 1972.
		Within a series of cells, spent nuclear fuel was sheared, chemically dissolved, and reusable radioactive components extracted.
		The fuel assemblies, fuel storage canisters, and handling equipment were removed from the pool.
	www.wgint.com /submarket.php?id=27 (612 words)

	Depleted Intelligence of Depleted Uranium Apologists
		In fact, the low-intensity radiation that residents of Hiroshima and Nagasaki took into their bodies with the nuclear fallout dust, explains a lot of casualties that cannot be explained by gamma and beta radiation alone.
		Since nuclear threat of U-238 is conditional on inhaling or ingesting DU dust, only a fraction of one millimetre of the topsoil that could turn into microscopic particles should be considered in the calculations.
		Initially, radioactive emissions from nuclear installations were suspected to be the cause of the clusters.
	www.stopnato.org.uk /du-watch/bein/apologists.htm (3054 words)

	Scientist group urges Japan not to start plutonium plant
		Japan should promote nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation by not starting operation of a planned nuclear fuel reprocessing plant, the Union of Concerned Scientists said.
		The Rokkasho plant on the northern end of Japan's main island, would increase the nation's stockpile of plutonium that could be used to make nuclear weapons, a statement signed by 27 scientists and former policy makers and posted on the union's Web site said.
		"The Rokkasho plant is the first industrial-scale reprocessing plant in a country not possessing nuclear weapons," the statement said.
	www.azcentral.com /arizonarepublic/news/articles/0507plutonium07.html (230 words)

	Japan worker exposed to radiation
		A worker at a Japanese nuclear fuel reprocessing plant was exposed to a small amount of radiation on Saturday, but appeared to suffer no health problems, aofficial said.
		The incident occurred at a spent nuclear fuel reprocessing plant in Rokkasho in Aomori prefecture, northern Japan, operated by Japan Nuclear Fuel Ltd.
		One of the worst accidents at any nuclear facility in Japan occurred at a uranium-processing plant in Tokaimura on Sept 30, 1999, when an uncontrolled chain reaction was triggered after three poorly trained workers used buckets to mix nuclear fuel in a tub.
	news.ninemsn.com.au /article.aspx?id=108507 (322 words)

	Ananova - Radiation accident nuclear plant to reopen
		A nuclear fuel reprocessing plant near Tokyo has received permission to resume operations, following a three-year suspension after an accident exposed dozens of people to radiation.
		The plant at Tokaimura, 110 kilometres north east of Tokyo, has been closed since a fire and explosion in March 1997 exposed 37 workers to low levels of radiation.
		An accident on September 30, 1999 at another uranium-reprocessing plant in Tokaimura delayed resumption of operations at the JNCDI plant.
	www.ananova.com /news/story/sm_111795.html (173 words)

	Nuclear fuel plant
		With nuclear power currently satisfying much of the world's electricity requirements the safety, reliability and economic operation of these plants is of the utmost importance.
		The reprocessing of nuclear fuels is a complex one.
		Materials such as concrete, stainless steels, titanium, zirconium, hafnium and various polymers all play a role and have been selected for their ability to perform in arduous conditions.
	www.azom.com /SearchResults.asp?AppKeyWord=Nuclear+fuel+plant (217 words)

	GREENPEACE/NUCLEAR/PRESS RELEASE: 35 WORKERS EXPOSED TO RADIATION AT JAPANESE REPROCESSING PLANT
		35 workers were exposed to radiation at the nuclear fuel reprocessing plant operated by The Power Reactor & Nuclear Fuel Development Corporation (PNC) at Tokai Village about 130 km north east of Tokyo.
		Hideaki Takemura, Nuclear Campaigner said, "If it was the case that they couldn't predict any explosion, they are too incompetent to operate reprocessing because it proves that their technology is too poor."
		This is the third serious accident at a PNC plant following the sodium leak at Monju and an accident at the Fast Breeder Reactor in Fuku.
	archive.greenpeace.org /pressreleases/nuclear/1997mar122.html (254 words)

	The Nando Times: Britain approves controversial nuclear fuel reprocessing plant
		Environment Secretary Margaret Beckett and Health Secretary Alan Milburn said work could begin on the manufacture of mixed oxide (MOX) fuel in the reprocessing plant at the Sellafield nuclear site on the coast of the Irish sea in northwest England.
		Friends of the Earth and Greenpeace immediately attacked the decision, saying the transport of plutonium to the plant, dangerous at any time, was especially worrisome in the days after the Sept. 11 terror attacks in the United States.
		The new operation is intended to make mixed oxide fuel from plutonium and uranium separated from spent fuel derived from the thermal oxide reprocessing facility already operating at Sellafield.
	www.nci.org /01/10/04-5.htm (488 words)

	Power Engineering - Areva contracted to guide nuclear fuel plant through opening
		The amendment extends the initial agreement for the plant at Rokkasho-Mura in Japan's Aomori province by two years.
		The partnership will mainly involve the active test phase using actual used fuel, which is scheduled to begin early next year.
		Areva's cooperation with JNFL is a continuation of the technology transfer agreement the Japanese company signed in 1987 with COGEMA for the construction of the reprocessing plant, based on the UP3 facilities at Las Hague.
	pepei.pennnet.com /Articles/Article_Display.cfm?ARTICLE_ID=244308&p=6 (247 words)

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