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Topic: Nuclear membrane

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Lamin

Cell nucleus

Endoplasmic reticulum

Mitosis

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Eukaryote

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	Nuclear Membrane
		The double membrane of the nucleus enclosing DNA and any other genetic material in a eukaryotic cell is called the nuclear membrane.
		By the end of metaphase, the nuclear membrane is completely gone, releasing the nuclear lamina, which form spindle fibers that pull apart the chromosomes from the chromotins, and help to repel them to different ends of the cell.
		In certain eukaryotes like yeast, a closed mitosis is undergone, in which chromosomes remain within the nuclear membrane; the membrane itself undergoes a division as the two daughter cells divide.
	www.iscid.org /encyclopedia/Nuclear_Membrane (237 words)

	Nuclear Envelope
		The inner membrane of the nuclear envelope lies next to a layer of thin filaments which surrounds the nucleus except at the nuclear pores.
		The inner and outer membranes of the nuclear envelope are joined and there appears to be a diaphragm-like structure in the center.
		The membranes are cleaved along their lipid bilayer and either the face next to the cytoplasm (protoplasmic or P face) or the extracellular (E) face of the membrane is shown.
	cellbio.utmb.edu /cellbio/nuclear_envelope.htm (1744 words)

	[No title]
		The nuclear envelope is composed of the nuclear membranes, the nuclear lamina and the nuclear pore complexes.
		The inner nuclear membrane is associated with the nuclear lamina, a meshwork of intermediate filament proteins termed lamins, and the heterochromatin on its nucleoplasmic face.
		These are distinct from nucleocytoplasmic pathways, the nuclear pores that span the double membrane of the envelope and are the route for RNA and protein traffic in the nucleus.
	lycos.cs.cmu.edu /info/nuclear-envelope.html (575 words)

	[No title]
		Nuclear lamins are members of the intermediate filament family of proteins and are the major component of the nuclear lamina, a fibrous network underlying the inner face of the nuclear envelope (1).
		The lamina is thought to maintain nuclear structure and integrity and contribute to the regulation of chromatin organization by attachment of mainly inactive heterochromatin to the nuclear periphery (5).
		Lamin-B is a component of the nuclear lamina, and its phosphorylation at the onset of mitosis leads to the disassembly of the nuclear lamina.
	www.lycos.com /info/nuclear-envelope--proteins.html (732 words)

	Researchers solve mystery of how nuclear pores duplicate before cell division
		Nuclear pores are gigantic structures that control the transport of molecules such as RNA and protein in and out of a cell's inner sanctum, the nucleus, which safeguards the cell's genomic brain.
		If the nuclear pore had split to give rise to two daughter pores, two bright dots would have emerged from one; however, the researchers tracked movement of only one dot, confirming their previous finding that pores formed from scratch.
		Additional research demonstrated that nuclear pore assemblies are added in a stepwise, coordinated process requiring components on both sides of the nuclear membrane.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2006-04/si-rsm041806.php (669 words)

	[Full text] Homeostatic restitution of cell membranes. Nuclear membrane lipid biogenesis and transport of protein from ...
		In this report, we present evidence on the restitution of nuclear membranes which proceeds through the synthesis of lipids in the outer nuclear/ER membrane, and hypothesize that such a course of events is connected to the restitution of the inner nuclear membrane, transport of the cytosol-contained protein to nucleus, and the restitution of ER membrane.
		While the previous studies [13-18] determined the requirements for the transport and restitution of biomembrane that constitute the outer apical portion of cell membrane and the membranes of Golgi and endosomes, the restitution of ER and the cell nucleus membranes were not apparent or consequential of the same pathway.
		The Cer of the membrane is used to synthesize sphingomyelin and glycosphingolipids, whereas PI is phosphorylated to PI3P and PI4P [14-18].
	www.biolsci.org /v02p0216.htm (6578 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Expression and localization of nuclear proteins in autosomal-dominant Emery-Dreifuss ...
		These membrane invaginations seem to be different from both the large intranuclear channel system previously reported for muscle nuclei of X-EDMD patients and the deep invaginations of the nuclear membrane observed in an AD-EDMD patient [35].
		The presence of emerin in the nuclear envelope indicates that the interaction of emerin with the lamina is not directly affected by the mutation LMNA R377H, localized in the rod domain, as has been previously shown [26].
		However, the nuclear membrane inclusions as well as the peripheral chromatin condensation observed in our AD-EDMD patient were different from the deep invaginations of the nuclear envelope producing pseudoinclusions reported by the group of Fidzianska who also observed strong alterations in chromatin organization in an AD-EDMD patient with a LMNA R453W mutation [35].
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2121/5/12 (6914 words)

	[No title]
		At the nuclear envelope in higher eukaryotic cells, the nuclear lamina and the heterochromatin are adjacent to the inner nuclear membrane, and their attachment is presumably mediated by integral membrane proteins.
		A unifying concept is beginning to emerge suggesting that all inner nuclear membrane proteins form large multisubunit complexes that crosslink the nuclear envelope to the chromatin.
		Inner nuclear membrane proteins such as lamin B receptor, lamina-associated polypeptide 2, and emerin reconcentrate on the surface of decondensing chromatin during the late anaphase, and then the NE is re-formed (1, 2).
	www.lycos.com /info/nuclear-envelope--lamins.html (426 words)

	Association of Prenylated Proteins with the Plasma Membrane and the Inner Nuclear Membrane Is Mediated by the Same ...
		Association of Prenylated Proteins with the Plasma Membrane and the Inner Nuclear Membrane Is Mediated by the Same Membrane-targeting Motifs -- Hofemeister et al.
		Association of Prenylated Proteins with the Plasma Membrane and the Inner Nuclear Membrane Is Mediated by the Same Membrane-targeting Motifs
		proteins to the inner nuclear membrane and/or the plasma membrane.
	www.molbiolcell.org /cgi/content/abstract/11/9/3233 (415 words)

	Nuclear envelope - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The space between the two membranes that make up the nuclear envelope is called the perinuclear space, and is usually about 20 - 100 nm wide.
		The outer membrane is continuous with the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
		The type of Lamins present are A, B1, B2, and C. The nuclear envelope may also play a role in the disposition of chromatin inside the nucleus.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nuclear_membrane (207 words)

	EMBL Heidelberg - About Us - News and Communication - Press Releases - 16 March 2006
		One possibility is that organising groups of genes in domains close to the membrane allows a cell to control their activity in a co-ordinated fashion.
		"The nuclear membrane and the gateways to the nucleus are central meeting points in the cell where many different pathways overlap", says Jop Kind, a researcher in Akhtar's lab.
		Nuclear pore components are involved in the transcriptional regulation of dosage compensation in Drosophila.
	www.embl.de /aboutus/news/press/press06/16mar06 (489 words)

	Nuclear membrane - definition from Biology-Online.org
		An intracellular structure, consisting of two concentric membranes, enclosing the nucleoplasm and separating it from the cytoplasm.
		The nucleus is surrounded by a nuclear envelop composed of two membranes.
		The nuclear envelop is dotted with thousands of nuclear pores, which allow material to move into and out of the nucleus.
	www.biology-online.org /dictionary/Nuclear_membrane (191 words)

	nuclear membrane Dr.Jastrow's electron microscopic atlas
		The nuclear membrane (Nucleolemma; Terminologia histologica: Membrana nuclearis) is the border between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.
		The nuclear membrane decays with the transition of the prophase to the metaphase in mitosis forming small membrane tubes or vesicles that correspond to RER.
		Under normal conditions (in interphase) sometimes a direct transition from RER to the nuclear membrane is visible whereby the perinuclear space is directly continuing into the interior of the RER and the outer nuclear membrane, which has attached ribosomes, is in continuity with RER membranes.
	www.uni-mainz.de /FB/Medizin/Anatomie/workshop/EM/EMKernmembranE.html (302 words)

	Nuclear Membrane (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The nuclear membrane insures that the interior of the nucleus is isolated from a cell's cytoplasm, allowing two different environments to be maintained.
		The membrane has two layers that enclose a distinct space in between, and although marked by large pores, the membrane is very selective, permitting only certain substances to enter or leave the nucleus.
		In addition, the space contained within the double-layered nuclear membrane is continuous at points with the endoplasmic reticulum, a membrane-enclosed structure that pervades the entire cytoplasm and provides a means for nuclear materials to reach all parts of the cell.
	www.scientia.org /cadonline/Biology/eukaryotic/nucmembrane.ASP (301 words)

	Nuclear localization signal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A nuclear localizing sequence (NLS) is an amino acid sequence which acts like a 'tag' on the exposed surface of a protein.
		This sequence is used to confine the protein to the cell nucleus through the Nuclear Pore Complex and to direct a newly synthesized protein into the nucleus via its recognition by cytosolic nuclear transport receptors.
		An NLS is the opposite of a nuclear export signal, which confines proteins to the cytosolic face of the nuclear membrane.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nuclear_localization_signal (299 words)

	The lamin CxxM motif promotes nuclear membrane growth -- Prüfert et al. 117 (25): 6105 -- Journal of Cell Science
		Intranuclear membranes form flat cisternae that are separated from the inner nuclear membrane by a 15-25 nm-thick layer similar in electron density to the lamina (B, arrow).
		Examples where only a few locally restricted intranuclear membranes were found are shown in A and B, and a nuclear envelope nearly completely bordered by an intranuclear membrane cisterna in C. (D) Nuclear envelope bordered in neighboring areas by one (arrowhead 1), two (arrowhead 2) and three (arrowhead 3) membrane cisternae.
		Nuclear pore complexes are indicated by arrowheads in A-C, I. cy, cytoplasm; ne, areas of the nuclear envelope with an unaltered morphology; nu, nucleoplasm.
	jcs.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/117/25/6105 (6316 words)

	Fate of the Inner Nuclear Membrane Protein Lamin B Receptor and Nuclear Lamins in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection ...
		Nuclear membrane dynamics and reassembly in living cells: targeting of an inner nuclear membrane protein in interphase and mitosis.
		The inner nuclear membrane protein p58 associates in vivo with a p58 kinase and the nuclear lamins.
		Characterization of p18, a component of the lamin B receptor complex and a new integral membrane protein of the avian erythrocyte nuclear envelope.
	jvi.asm.org /cgi/content/full/75/18/8818 (6337 words)

	Shawn Williamson
		Mutations within a number of resident inner nuclear membrane (INM) proteins are known to cause human diseases, including several types of muscular and lipid dystrophies.
		It is proposed that resident integral membrane proteins traffic to the INM by diffusion-retention.
		By this model, INM integral membrane proteins freely diffuse between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), outer nuclear membrane (ONM) and INM.
	www.tamu.edu /summerslab/bullet1research.html (982 words)

	ScienceDaily: Researchers Solve Mystery Of How Nuclear Pores Duplicate Before Cell Division
		Science Daily — La Jolla, CA -- Researchers have long wondered how nuclear pores -- the all-important channels that control the flow of information in and out of a cell's nucleus -- double in number to prepare for the split to come when a cell divides.
		Cell (biology) -- The cell is the structural and functional unit of all living organisms, and is sometimes called the "building block of life." Some organisms, such as bacteria, are unicellular, consisting of a single...
		Somatic cell nuclear transfer -- In genetics and developmental biology, somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a technique for creating an ovum with a donor nucleus.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2006/04/060421112556.htm (1986 words)

	Nuclear Compartments: Nuclear Lamina
		Various functions have been suggested for the nuclear lamina including: maintenance of nuclear shape; spatial organisation of nuclear pores within the nuclear membrane; regulation of transcription; anchoring of interphase heterochromatin; as well as, a role in DNA replication.
		Foisner, R. (2001) Inner nuclear membrane proteins and the nuclear lamina.
		Morris, G.E. (2001) The role of the nuclear envelope in Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy.
	npd.hgu.mrc.ac.uk /compartments/lamina.html (972 words)

	Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry analyses of nuclear membrane phospholipid loss after reperfusion of ischemic ...
		(A) Nuclear membrane phospholipids from control perfused rat myocardium were extracted, diluted with 1:2 chloroform-methanol, and infused directly into the ESI chamber with a syringe pump at a flow rate of 1.5 µl/min for positive-ion ESI mass spectroscopy as described in Materials and Methods.
		(B) Corresponding positive-ion ESI mass spectrum of nuclear membrane phospholipids from rat hearts subjected to 15 min of global ischemia was acquired under identical conditions.
		(C) Corresponding positive-ion ESI mass spectrum of nuclear membrane phospholipids from rat hearts subjected to 15 min of global ischemia followed by 90 min of reperfusion was acquired under identical conditions.
	www.jlr.org /cgi/content/full/41/10/1585 (5025 words)

	Nuclear Pores and Cell Division - Medgadget - www.medgadget.com
		Nuclear Pores and Cell Division - Medgadget - www.medgadget.com
		Scientists from the Salk Institute have discovered how nuclear pores--small protein channels on the surface of a cell nucleus--replicate prior to cell division:
		Using advanced real-time imaging tools the scientists watched as a nuclear membrane - pores and all - formed within an hour.
	www.medgadget.com /archives/2006/04/nuclear_pores_a.html (477 words)

	nuclear - Definitions from Dictionary.com
		Biology Of, relating to, or forming a nucleus: a nuclear membrane.
		(weapons) deriving destructive energy from the release of atomic energy; "nuclear war"; "nuclear weapons"; "atomic bombs" [ant: conventional]
		of or relating to or constituting the nucleus of a cell; "nuclear membrane"; "nuclear division"
	dictionary.reference.com /browse/nuclear (511 words)

	Nuclear Proliferation, Nuclear Pollution, Nuclear Missiles, Nuclear Membrane
		nuclear missiles This assures the monitor her error.
		nuclear membrane That sounds ridiculous state but she saw how long smooth.
		nuclear membrane What are a lot of their porches shivering in her!
	kohiki.com /swd03/nuclear.html (658 words)

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