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Topic: Nuclear missiles

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	U.S. and Russian Nuclear Missiles are Still on Hair-Trigger Alert
		Long active in anti-proliferation efforts such as the Nuclear Threat Initiative, Nunn is leading a campaign to persuade U.S. and Russian leaders to take their thousands of strategic nuclear warheads off hair-trigger alert, a status that remains in effect more than a decade after the Cold War ended.
		A hair trigger means missiles are launched - either from land or sea - upon the warning of an attack.
		And missiles can be re-targeted in a matter of seconds: A couple of mouse clicks on a computer would put Washington, Miami or Moscow back in the nuclear crosshairs.
	www.commondreams.org /headlines04/1217-01.htm (1025 words)

	Nuclear weapons delivery - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Nuclear weapons delivery is the technology and systems used to place a nuclear weapon at the position of detonation, on or near its intended target.
		As opposed to conventional cruise missiles, which sometimes use cluster munition payloads, and as opposed to bombers, nuclearly armed cruise missiles have a single warhead.
		Nuclear-armed cruise missiles are amongst the least deployed of all nuclear weapons, as their deployment is restricted by treaties such as SALT II.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nuclear_missile (1337 words)

	Nuclear weapon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The detonation of a nuclear weapon is accompanied by a blast of neutron radiation.
		Nuclear weapons were symbols of military and national power, and nuclear testing was often used both to test new designs as well as to send political messages.
		Nuclear weapons have been at the heart of many national and international political disputes and have played a major part in popular culture since their dramatic public debut in the 1940s and have usually symbolized the ultimate ability of mankind to utilize the strength of nature for destruction.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nuclear_weapon (2874 words)

	NRDC: Nuclear Data - Table of Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces, 2002
		It is estimated that the warheads on the RS-20B have yields of 500-550 kt and, on the RS-20V, 550-750 kt.
		One regiment of ten missiles was declared operational in December 1998 and a second regiment with another ten missiles in December 1999.
		Although final elimination of Ground Forces nuclear weapons was expected in 2000-2001, Russia announced in April 2002, that the destruction of nuclear warheads for tactical missiles, nuclear artillery shells and nuclear mines continues.
	www.nrdc.org /nuclear/nudb/datab14.asp (2288 words)

	Key Issues: Nuclear Weapons: Issues: Policies: Article, De-Alerting Nuclear Weapons
		Missiles in silos can be launched within one minute, while missiles on submarines can be launched within 15 minutes.
		US and Russian strategic nuclear forces are kept on high alert in order to protect the weapons from being destroyed in any first-strike by an opposing nuclear power.
		The Model Nuclear Weapons Convention outlines a phased program of nuclear disarmament beginning with de-alerting and disabling nuclear weapons followed by their dismantling and destruction under strict international verification and control.
	www.nuclearfiles.org /menu/key-issues/nuclear-weapons/issues/policies/article-de-alerting-nuclear-weapons.htm (808 words)

	Nuclear Hair-trigger
		Nuclear warhead tests, such as this 1951 test in Nevada may be replaced with supercomputer simulations.
		The most menacing warheads are those deployed on the 50 MX silo-based missiles, which are armed with 10 warheads each, and the 400 high-yield W88 warheads fitted atop some of tile missiles on Trident submarines.
		The ultimate goal would be to separate most, if not all, nuclear warheads from their missiles and then, eventually, to eliniinate most of the stored warheads and missiles.
	www.dhushara.com /book/explod/nuclears/nuc2.htm (4629 words)

	Nuclear Stockpile
		Nuclear weapons stockpile management includes the full range of activities related to the development, production, maintenance (upkeep) and retirement (disassembly and disposal) of all U.S. nuclear weapons.
		The primary purpose of nuclear weapons stockpile management is to ensure high confidence in the safety, security, reliability and performance of U.S. nuclear weapons.
		Nuclear stockpile quantities and deployment are determined by Presidential direction.
	www.acq.osd.mil /ncbdp/nm/nuclearstockpile.html (1833 words)

	Major Issues - Nuclear Subs
		In other words, as long as the US has nuclear missiles deployed on Trident subs, every country in the world needs to be constantly aware of the fact that it could be obliterated by in 10-15 minutes by an attack launched from a single US submarine.
		A missile accident could occur during missile test firing, in particular when the 1st stage motor is ignited on the surface.
		Short of detonation, a missile fire could result in a plutonium fire, leading to the release of the toxic and radioactive material, which could be carried over long distances in the wind and water.
	www.hpjc.org /issues_nuclearsub.html (3687 words)

	NOVA Online \| Russia's Nuclear Warriors \| Global Guide to Nuclear Missiles
		Since the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) was opened for signature on July 1, 1968, a total of 187 countries have joined, including the five acknowledged nuclear-weapons states -- the United States, Russia, the United Kingdom, France, and China.
		Russia's missiles are aging and her early-warning satellite system is flawed.
		Note that maps and missile images in this feature are not drawn to scale, and that to adhere to practice standard in the field of nuclear-weapons technology, all measurements in this feature are given in metric.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/nova/missileers/missiles.html (433 words)

	Britain's tearaway nuclear missiles - www.smh.com.au
		British nuclear weapons have been repeatedly dropped, struck by other weapons and on one occasion carried on a truck that slid down a hill and toppled over, the Ministry of Defence has admitted after decades of secrecy.
		Nuclear weapons were dropped or fell on four occasions, and other munitions struck the atomic weapons four times.
		According to the ministry, "an RAF nuclear weapon load carrier, forming part of a convoy, experienced a brake failure on an incline and overturned".
	www.smh.com.au /articles/2003/10/13/1065917344103.html?from=storyrhs (379 words)

	Q&A: Trident nuclear missiles debate - Telegraph
		The United Kingdom's four Vanguard-class nuclear submarines, which carry the Trident inter-continental ballistic missiles, are due to reach the end of their working lives around 2020.
		Although the missiles' operational use can be extended into the 2040s, if Britain is to continue to have a sub-based deterrent, the vessels must be replaced.
		Under the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, signed by the UK in 1968, Britain is one of just five states - along with America, Russia, China and France - permitted to own nuclear weapons.
	www.telegraph.co.uk /news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2006/12/04/uqanda104.xml (581 words)

	WorldNetDaily: Russia's hidden nuclear missiles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		These missiles, which are now slated to be dismantled in Slovakia this month, were hidden by the Red army in deep underground bunkers in Czechoslovakia, despite Soviet promises to withdraw all nuclear theater missiles from Europe and destroy them.
		During the Cold War, the SS-23 missiles were equipped with a 100-kiloton nuclear warhead and were fired from wheeled launchers, making them virtually impossible to destroy once they were deployed from their underground storage sites.
		The missiles will be dismantled at the Novaky military base in Slovakia between now and October, while the launchers are being disassembled in military workshops in the city of Trencin.
	www.worldnetdaily.com /news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=17516 (1865 words)

	friendly printed version:The World's Nuclear Arsenals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The weapons are based on intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) and strategic bombers, with a naval component under research.
		China's nuclear arsenal is in the midst of a rapid modernization program begun in the mid-1980s.
		By increasing the size, accuracy, range, and survivability of the nuclear arsenal, Chinese leaders aim to substantially enhance Beijing's nuclear deterrent capacity.
	www.cdi.org /friendlyversion/printversion.cfm?documentID=2187 (678 words)

	Soviet Union - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Khrushchev's reforms in agriculture and administration, however, were generally unproductive, and foreign policy towards China and the United States suffered reverses, including the actions that led to the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962.
		During the same period, a tense confrontation between the Soviet Union and the United States over the Soviet deployment of nuclear missiles in Cuba sparked the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962.
		The KGB (Committee for State Security), served in a fashion as the Soviet counterpart to both the FBI and the CIA (Central Intelligence Agency) in the U.S. It ran a massive network of informants throughout the Soviet Union, which was used to monitor violations in law.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Soviet_Union (7094 words)

	New Russian Deployment Of Nuclear Missiles
		The Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament reacted with anger today at news that Russia has deployed six more Topol-M nuclear missiles, identifying it as further evidence that international disarmament and non-proliferation efforts are collapsing.
		Having warned with increasing volume over the past few years that the US missile defence system and development of new nuclear weapons would provoke proliferation in other nuclear states, CND said today that it was sad to have been proved right.
		The news follows a report in August by the US Department for defense ("Military Power of the People's Republic of China") that stated that China is planning to significantly increase its nuclear arsenal to maintain the "credibility" of its nuclear force in the face of missile defence.
	www.rense.com /general46/camp.htm (456 words)

	Nuclear Issues - CDI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		This document calls for the use of nuclear weapons only in response to a nuclear attack - in other words a no first use policy - and says that ultimately, India's nuclear forces will be based in a triad of aircraft, mobile land-based missiles and sea-based forces.
		The British sole nuclear force is based on four new Vanguard class nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines (SSBNs) each armed with 16 U.S.-supplied Trident II D-5 missiles and 48 nuclear warheads.
		The Navy is upgrading the Trident II missile to extend its service life and plans to upgrade 300 in the next two decades, enough for 10 submarines.
	www.cdi.org /issues/nukef&f/database/nukearsenals.cfm (2939 words)

	Does Britain need nuclear missiles? No. Scrap them -Times Online
		I was on board one of the four enormous submarines that carry bunches of the Trident missile and the Royal Navy was demonstrating to me what would happen if the call came from No 10 to unleash mayhem against the enemy.
		Blair is scarred by the experience of Michael Foot, whose policy of unilateral nuclear disarmament cost Labour dearly in the 1983 election.
		The case for Britain having an independent nuclear deterrent depended on the existence of the Soviet Union.
	www.timesonline.co.uk /article/0,,2088-1660237,00.html (891 words)

	DefenseNews.com - Russia Alerts World of New Mobile Nuclear Missiles - 12/10/04 10:12
		The missiles have been developed in a Moscow laboratory and are comparable to the feared Minuteman weapon from the United States.
		Moscow had tried to put mobile intercontinental nuclear missiles in place since the Soviet era but they were never officially deployed as part of the country’s nuclear arsenal.
		Meanwhile analysts suggest that Russia is also in the latter stages of developing a hypersonic missile along with one that works as a cruise missile once re-entering the earth’s orbit to avoid rockets that could shoot it down.
	www.defensenews.com /story.php?F=549554&C=europe (663 words)

	NATO'S NUCLEAR MISSILES CAUGHT ON CAMERA IN ISTANBUL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Ten Greenpeace activists, dressed in missile costumes, brought the missiles to life for their Istanbul tour, which they started in Ortakoy.
		The missiles were demanding nuclear disarmament and wanted to sacrifice their lives for the sake of peace.
		There are also over 150 nuclear bombs in six NATO member States, provided by the US and assigned for use by the Alliance.
	www.greenpeace.org /lebanon/en/press/releases/nato-s-nuclear-missiles-caught (472 words)

	Israeli subs armed with nuclear missiles - www.theage.com.au
		Israel has modified American-supplied cruise missiles to carry nuclear warheads on submarines, giving the Middle East's only nuclear power the ability to launch atomic weapons from land, air and beneath the sea, according to senior Bush Administration and Israeli officials.
		Iranian leaders say their nuclear program is solely for generating electricity and are resisting more intrusive inspections by the UN.
		While not acknowledging the country's nuclear capability, Israeli officials have promised they would not "introduce" such weapons to the Middle East.
	www.theage.com.au /articles/2003/10/12/1065917273119.html?from=storyrhs (393 words)

	CNN - China has missiles aimed at U.S. targets, officials say - May 1, 1998
		Bruce Blair, a nuclear weapons specialist with the Brookings Institution, says the United States could plug Chinese coordinates into its weapons and launch them at China more quickly than China could place a warhead on a missile and launch it at the United States.
		The Washington Times cited a "top-secret" CIA report that says 13 Chinese CSS-4 missiles with a range of 8,000 miles are aimed at the United States, and that the other five are aimed at Russia and other countries.
		A State Department official, who spoke on condition of anonymity, said China's small number of nuclear weapons serve as a deterrent against attack, not as a threat to the United States.
	www.cnn.com /WORLD/asiapcf/9805/01/china.nuclear/index.html (806 words)

	Russia: Putin Says Russia Developing New Breed Of Nuclear Missiles - RADIO FREE EUROPE / RADIO LIBERTY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		President Vladimir Putin has announced that Russia is developing a new generation of nuclear missiles superior to those currently possessed by any other country.
		Analysts say the missiles appear designed to dodge a defense system being developed by the United States, fueling fears that a new arms race may be about to begin.
		A key part of Russia's strategy to counter a U.S. missile defense shield could be to outfit its missiles with new, maneuverable warheads.
	www.rferl.org /featuresarticle/2004/11/f5a982d9-b22b-46be-b0eb-439265a0e3ad.html (884 words)

	Arms Control Association: Arms Control Today: Israel Allegedly Fielding Sea-Based Nuclear Missiles
		The news came amid increased international attention to nuclear weapons in the Middle East as the United States and European nations sought to halt Iran’s suspected pursuit of nuclear weapons.
		They said the issue was whether Israel could build a warhead small enough for the missile, which has a relatively light payload capability of 220 kg and a short range of roughly 100 kilometers.
		The United States is party to the 33-member Missile Technology Control Regime aimed at restricting exports of missiles capable of delivering nuclear, chemical, or biological warheads.
	www.armscontrol.org /act/2003_11/Israel.asp (575 words)

	Chinese Nuclear Missiles in Pakistan
		Unfortunately, the Clinton Administration did not consider the acquisition of this nuclear technology to be, in Secretary Tarnoff's words, a `significant change on nuclear and missile non-proliferation issues of concern to the United States.'
		By providing both nuclear technology and the means to deliver nuclear weapons, Chinese Government-owned companies have contributed to a vast escalation of tensions between Pakistan and India.
		U.S. officials have said the M-11 is a nuclear-capable missile whose export is barred under the MTCR because its warhead capacity exceeds MTCR limits.
	www.fas.org /irp/congress/1996_cr/s960612c.htm (2377 words)

	Senators: Keep nuclear missiles
		Conrad told Pentagon officials at the meeting that he was aware of an attempt during this year's base closing process to reduce the number of nuclear missiles.
		Roger Burg, director of strategic security at the Air Force, said in a presentation that some studies have shown that the reduction of missiles would not be cost-efficient for the Pentagon.
		The United States began removing the Peacekeeper from its intercontinental ballistic missile arsenal in 2002 after it determined the weapons were no longer needed with the end of the Cold War and the demise of the Soviet Union.
	www.casperstartribune.net /articles/2005/09/22/news/regional/e5638d7c1c5f4885872570840000498c.txt (688 words)

	Yorkshire CND - Russia Deploys Strategic Nuclear Missiles - 22/12/03 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Russian Defense Minister Sergei Ivanov inaugurated the new set of Topol-M missiles at the Tatishchevo missile base in the central Saratov region Sunday, describing them as a ``21st-Century weapon'' unrivaled in the world.
		It is also capable of blasting off even after a nuclear explosion close to its silo, the newspaper reported.
		A subcontractor producing artificial fibers for the missile suspended production last year for several months because of a money shortage, and when it resumed work, its products were substandard for two months, Solomonov was quoted as saying.
	www.cndyorks.gn.apc.org /news/articles/russian_nukes.htm (471 words)

	Putin: Russia Developing New Kind of Nuclear Missile
		Russian President Vladimir Putin says his country is developing a new type of nuclear missile.
		President Putin says research is underway on developing new nuclear missiles as part of the effort to improve Russia's armed forces.
		Russia is also reported to be developing another heavy nuclear missile.
	www.voanews.com /english/2004-11-17-voa53.cfm (385 words)

	CNN - Air Force wants retrofitting of nuclear missiles for conventional use - April 6, 1999
		WASHINGTON (CNN) -- With fewer than 100 conventionally armed air-launched cruise missiles remaining in its inventory, the U.S. Air Force is now asking for additional money to convert 300 of the cruise missiles currently armed with nuclear warheads to a conventional role.
		Nearly 60 of the $1.5 million missiles were used to strike targets in Yugoslavia in the first 12 days of Operation Allied Force and more than 100 of them were employed during four days of strikes on Iraq last December.
		The upgrades to the Navy version of the cruise missile would include new engines, add GPS satellite guidance systems, increase the missile's range by more than 300 miles, encase the warhead in titanium for better "penetration" capability, and allow in-flight re-targetting of the missiles.
	www.cnn.com /US/9904/06/air.force/index.html (477 words)

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