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Topic: Nuclear pulse propulsion

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Antimatter catalyzed nuclear pulse propulsion

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	Project Orion - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The diameter of the nuclear fireball is proportional to the square root of the bomb's explosive yield.
		Some Orion nuclear pulse rockets using megaton range nuclear fusion type pulse units are capable of accelerating a spacecraft with a mass of millions of metric tons to velocities as high as 10% of the speed of light in space flight.
		An early appearance of an Orion-style nuclear pulse propelled rocket in science fiction was in the science fiction novel Empire of the Atom written by A.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Project_Orion (3469 words)

	Nuclear pulse propulsion - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Nuclear pulse propulsion (or External Pulsed Plasma Propulsion, as it is termed in one recent NASA document) is a proposed method of spacecraft propulsion that uses nuclear explosions for thrust.
		The first serious attempt to design a nuclear pulse rocket was Project Orion (See the article for details, including the vehicle sizes, problems, propulsion cycle and shielding).
		The "Medusa" design is a type of nuclear pulse propulsion which shares more in common with solar sails than with conventional rockets.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nuclear_pulse_propulsion (1252 words)

	Nuclear explosion - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Nuclear explosions are associated with "mushroom clouds" although mushroom clouds can occur with ground based chemical explosions and it is possible to have an air burst nuclear explosion without these clouds.
		The dominant effects of a nuclear weapon (the blast and thermal radiation) are the same physical damage mechanisms as conventional explosives, but the the energy produced by a nuclear explosive is millions of times more per gram and the temperatures reached are in the tens of millions of degrees.
		The pulse is powerful enough to cause long metal objects (such as cables) to act as antennas and generate high voltages when the pulse passes.
	www.sterlingheights.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Nuclear_explosion (2634 words)

	Nuclear pulse propulsion Information - TextSheet.com
		This is possible because Orion uses nuclear power to make thrust without requiring the power to be held within a rocket chamber.
		In the 1954 explosion at Bikini Atoll, a crucial experiment by Lew Allen proved that nuclear explosives could be used for propulsion.
		The launch of such a craft from the ground or from low Earth orbit would generate an electromagnetic pulse that could cause significant damage to computers and satellites, as well as flooding the van Allen beltss with high-energy radiation.
	www.medbuster.com /encyclopedia/n/nu/nuclear_pulse_propulsion.html (2129 words)

	Antimatter catalyzed nuclear pulse propulsion - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Antimatter catalysed nuclear pulse propulsion is a variation of nuclear pulse propulsion based upon the injection of antimatter into a mass of nuclear fuel which normally would not be useful in propulsion.
		Traditional nuclear pulse propulsion has the downside that the minimum size of the engine is defined by the minimum size of the nuclear bombs used to create thrust.
		Large nuclear explosive charges require a heavy structure for the spacecraft, and a very large (and heavy) pusher-plate assembly.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Antimatter_catalyzed_nuclear_pulse_propulsion (499 words)

	Encyclopedia: Nuclear pulse propulsion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In inertial confinement fusion (ICF), nuclear fusion reactions are initiated by heating and compressing a target â€“ a pellet that most often contains deuterium and tritium â€“ by the use of intense laser or ion beams.
		The Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space, and Under Water, often abbreviated as the Partial Test Ban Treaty (PTBT), Limited Test Ban Treaty (LTBT), or Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (NTBT), although the former also refers to the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT), is a treaty...
		Plasma physics In a nuclear thermal rocket a working fluid, usually hydrogen, is heated in a high temperature nuclear reactor, and then expands through a rocket nozzle to create thrust.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Nuclear-pulse-propulsion (2420 words)

	Antimatter catalyzed nuclear pulse propulsion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Nuclear pulse propulsion has the downside that the minimum size of the engine is defined by the minimum size of the nuclear bomb s used to create thrust.
		Advanced Space Propulsion Study: Antiproton Annihilation Propulsion A look at the properties of antimatter and its manufacture, storage and use.
		Innovative Nuclear Space Power and Propulsion Institute Researching square lattice honeycomb ternary carbide fuels and nuclear electric propulsion based on gaseous and liquid fuel reactors with magnetohydrodynamic power generation systems, among other things.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Antimatter_catalyzed_nuclear_pulse_propulsion.html (823 words)

	Nuclear pulse propulsion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Most of the three thousand tons of of the "super" Orion's propulsion units would inert material such as polyethylene or boron salts used to transmit the force the propulsion unit's detonation to the Orion's plate and absorb neutrons to minimize fallout.
		From 1957 through 1964 this information was used to design spacecraft propulsion system called "Orion" in which explosives would be thrown through a pusher-plate on the bottom of a spacecraft and underneath.
		The "Medusa" design is a type of pulse propulsion which shares more in common solar sails than with conventional rockets.
	www.freeglossary.com /Nuclear_pulse_propulsion (2525 words)

	SingaporeMoms - Parenting Encyclopedia - Nuclear explosion
		The energy produced by a nuclear explosive is millions of times more per gram than that produced by a chemical (conventional) explosive and the temperatures reached are in the tens of millions of degrees.
		The pulse is powerful enough so that most long metal objects would act as antennas, and generate high voltages when the pulse passes.
		The Nuclear War Survival Skills is a public domain text and is an excellent source on how to survive a nuclear attack.
	www.singaporemoms.com /parenting/Nuclear_explosion (2309 words)

	http://www.nomorepower.info - nuclear explosion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The energy of a nuclear explosion is transferred to the surrounding medium in three distinct.
		Nuclear explosions are generally classified as air bursts,.
		The major incendiary effect of nuclear explosions is caused by the blast wave.
	www.nomorepower.info /1/nuclear-explosion.php (183 words)

	Article: The Nuclear Space Age (part 1 of 2), by Paul Lucas
		Two nuclear propulsion projects, Orion and NERVA, were actively pursued by the United States government during the Cold War, and even got to the point of test flights and engine firings.
		Taylor's main contribution was reconceptualizing the bombs and propellant disks into a single pulse unit, coating the nuclear bomb with layers of plastic that would serve the same function as the disks.
		Orion was effectively killed by the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty of 1963, which made the use of any nuclear weapons in space illegal, and the general hostility toward nuclear technology in the ensuing decades have kept it from reviving in any serious form.
	www.strangehorizons.com /2004/20040112/nuclear.shtml (2601 words)

	The UnMuseum - The Orion Project
		A rocket powered with a nuclear reaction, however, could produce a huge amount of energy from a very small amount of fuel in the same way a nuclear bomb produces a huge explosion compared to a conventional bomb of the same weight.
		Perhaps the scientists, so long involved in the building of nuclear weapons for the purpose of mass destruction, had finally found a positive, uplifting goal for their skills and they went at it wholeheartedly, not taking some of the difficulties of spaceflight into consideration.
		Even nuclear pulse engines might be safe to operate if launched from a base on the moon.
	www.unmuseum.org /orionproject.htm (1982 words)

	NERS 590 Final Report - Reccomendations on Nuclear Pulse Propulsion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		This is limited by the ability to contain the heat generated by the nuclear fission reaction that heats the fuel.
		In nuclear pulse propulsion, it is still true that a lighter ship will be more efficient, but larger nuclear bombs are also more efficient.
		Since the rear of the ship was receiving the impact of a nuclear blast every couple of seconds, the impulse needed to be transfered to a smooth acceleration that could be withstood by the crew.
	www-personal.engin.umich.edu /~richk/ners590/final_report.html (3251 words)

	Antimatter catalyzed nuclear pulse propulsion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Nuclear pulse propulsion has the downside that the minimum of the engine is defined by the size of the nuclear bombs used to create thrust.
		This releases a of neutrons causing the surrounding fuel to undergo fission.
		The reaction is fast enough to serve as the trigger for a nuclear fusion reaction if desired.
	www.freeglossary.com /Antimatter_catalyzed_nuclear_pulse_propulsion (692 words)

	Definition of Nuclear pulse propulsion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The first serious attempt to design a nuclear pulse rocket was Project Orion, carried out at General Atomics in the late 1950s and early 1960s.
		The system appeared to be entirely workable when the project was shut down in 1965, the main reason being given that the nuclear weapon test bans made it illegal to explode bombs in space.
		The key difference was that they felt that the reaction could not power both the rocket and the systems, and instead included a 300kW conventional nuclear reactor for running the ship.
	www.wordiq.com /definition/Nuclear_pulse_propulsion (941 words)

	Ben Pearson
		He realized that the Nuclear Bomb was the most efficient thing we had for converting mass to energy in the whole world, and began to design a spacecraft that would use nuclear bombs as a means of propulsion.
		Electromagnetic Pulse is the affect of nuclear weapons that has a tendency to destroy electronics for a large area.
		The number of nuclear bombs that have not gone off successfully is much less than one in ten, and is probably more around the range of one in a hundred, or even less than that.
	www.u.arizona.edu /~tuvas/Project_orion.html (5461 words)

	Building Tomorrow's Space Battleships with Today's Tech
		Legendary physicist Freeman Dyson worked on a nuclear pulse propulsion concept with a project called Orion in the late '50s and early '60s, creating several working test vehicles propelled by explosives before the 1963 Nuclear Test Ban Treaty ended his research..
		Meanwhile, a nuclear pulse engine is probably the most immediately available of many possibilities, according to John Cole, the Marshall Center's manager of space transportation research.
		Using a new propulsion system known as M2P2, it would be 10 times faster than the space shuttle and could zip by Voyager I, launched in 1977 and currently 6.8 billion miles away, at the very edge of the solar system.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/news/672981/posts (1763 words)

	Nuclear Pulse Propulsion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		A more advanced design was proposed for the Project Daedalus interstellar probe study in the 1970s, using electron beams to detonate pellets of deuterium/helium-3.
		One design proposed by Freeman Dyson for the "Super Orion" called for the pusher plate to be composed of uranium or a largely transuranic element so that upon reaching a nearby star system the plate could be converted to nuclear fuel.
		The expense of launch for the largest size of Orion was 5 cents per pound (11 cent/kg) to Earth orbit in 1958 dollars.
	www.wikiverse.org /nuclear-pulse-propulsion (2307 words)

	PROJECT ORION LINKS
		Nuclear Space news is growing in popularity and I have trouble keeping track of all the places discussing it.
		Nuclear Powered Desalination Plants ~ Begging Australian politicians to address the water crisis.
		Nuclear Space And Fears Of Nuclear Proliferation ~ Spacedaily.
	www.angelfire.com /stars2/projectorion/orionpage.html (832 words)

	nuclear pulse rocket
		A rocket propelled by a rapid and lengthy series of small atomic or nuclear explosions.
		Project Orion was the lengthiest study — involving actual model test flights - of the nuclear pulse concept based on fission.
		The nuclear pulse rocket is just one possible form of nuclear propulsion for spacecraft.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/N/nuclearpulserocket.html (145 words)

	Orion
		The nuclear pulse drive was conceived of H-bomb designers Stanislaw Ulam and Cornelius Everett at Los Alamos in 1955.
		The nuclear pulse design, dubbed Orion, was a counter-intuitive approach to using the huge potential of nuclear energy for spacecraft propulsion without the costly development required for nuclear thermal or nuclear electric systems.
		The final iteration of the Orion design was a nuclear pulse propulsion module launched into earth orbit by a Saturn V. The 100 tonne unit would have had a diameter of 10 m to match that of the booster.
	www.astronautix.com /lvfam/orion.htm (1000 words)

	Energy Citations Database (ECD) - Energy and Energy-Related Bibliographic Citations
		Concepts based on inertial confinement fusion are heavier than those that use antiprotons for the trigger due to the mass associated with the lasers, or particle beams and their power supplies.
		Propulsion systems based on critical mass devices are clearly feasible, so the primary problem is to reduce the size of the explosive devices so that a critical mass is not required.
		If pulse nuclear fusion propulsion can become a reality then the performance is enough to complete manned missions to the inner planets in weeks and the outer planets in months.
	www.osti.gov /energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=20506850 (421 words)

	The Orion Drive (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Nuclear explosives are far more powerful per unit weight than any conventional propellant, and a large mass of them could be detonated.
		The nuclear directional explosives are detonated outside the ship and exert a huge force upward on a large pusher plate that composes the bottom of the ship.
		Nuclear pulse propulsion can achieve both high specific impulses and extremely high thrusts.
	www.engin.swarthmore.edu /~tcronin1/Orion.htm (489 words)

	Project Orion: Its Life, Death, and Possible Rebirth
		The core of the vehicle was a 200,000-pound "propulsion module" with a pusher-plate diameter of 33 feet, limited by the diameter of the Saturn.
		Pedersen's 1964 estimate of $1.5 billion for the project (45) suggests the superior economics of nuclear pulse spaceships.
		The figure of 350 pulses was arrived at as follows: if the net acceleration during the initial vertical phase is about 2 g's, about 100 pulses are required to reach an altitude of 60 miles (at an average of one pulse per second).
	www.islandone.org /Propulsion/ProjectOrion.html (4724 words)

	Definition of Nuclear propulsion
		Nuclear propulsion can include a wide variety of methods, the commonality of which is the use of some form of nuclear reaction as their primary power source.
		Many military submarines and large surface ships use nuclear reactors as their power plants.
		Project Pluto, which developed an unmanned cruise missile that used a nuclear powered ramjet for propulsion.
	www.wordiq.com /definition/Nuclear_propulsion (142 words)

	Nuclear pulse - LuckyWebs.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		pulse must be considered and calculated when preparing for a nuclear war.
		A simple, precise, and rapid pulse nuclear magnetic resonance technique for measuring the rate of water exchange across the erythrocyte membrane is
		Drone: nuclear pulse core, wav file, sound effect, sound file, sound effect file, sound properties.
	kevin.luckywebs.com /?q=nuclear-pulse (1022 words)

	Nuclear pulse propulsion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Nuclear pulse propulsion is a proposed method of spacecraft propulsion that uses nuclear explosions for thrust.
		Simply impacting with the asteroid would be enough to deflect it.
		It uses material from the wikipedia article Nuclear pulse propulsion.
	www.eurofreehost.com /nu/Nuclear_pulse_propulsion.html (367 words)

	physics - Rocket
		Rockets where the heat is supplied from other than the propellent, such as steam rockets, are classed as external combustion engines.
		The speeds that a rocket vehicle can reach can be calculated by the rocket equation; which gives the speed difference ('delta-v') in terms of the exhaust speed and ratio of inital mass to final mass ('mass ratio').
		Rockets must be used when there is no other substance (land, water, or air) or force (gravity, magnetism, light) that a vehicle may employ for propulsion, such as in space.
	www.physicsdaily.com /physics/Rocket (1968 words)

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