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Topic: Nuclear reactor core

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	Gas-cooled nuclear reactor plant with a heat exchanger for removing afterheat - Patent 5265134
		During normal operation of the nuclear reactor plant, there is a flow of cold gas through the heat exchanger in the direction toward the reactor core and in the event of an emergency, there is a flow of hot gas in a direction out of the center of the core of the reactor.
		It is accordingly an object of the invention to provide a gas-cooled nuclear reactor plant with a heat exchanger for removing afterheat, which overcomes the hereinafore- mentioned disadvantages of the heretofore-known devices of this general type and which provides an afterheat removal solely on the basis of natural draught.
		The reactor core rests on a bottom reflector 4 which is penetrated by a discharge tube 5 for the spherical fuel elements.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5265134.html (1311 words)

	Gaseous fission reactor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A limitation for conventional nuclear fission reactors is that if the nuclear fuel temperature were to rise too high in temperature, the Nuclear reactor core would melt.
		A potential benefit of the gaseous reactor core concept is that instead of relying on the traditional rankine or brayton conversion cycles, it may be possible to extract electricity magnetohydrodynamically, or with direct conversion of the charged particles.
		The terrestrial version is designed for a vapor core inlet temperature of about 1500 K and exit temperature of 2500 K and a UF to helium ratio of around 20% to 60%.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gaseous_fission_reactor (573 words)

	Nuclear Area - Reactor RRR (Australia) - Reactor core
		The reactor core design is very compact; it will be located under 10 metres of water, near the bottom of the main pool, surrounded by a zircalloy chimney.
		Within the reactor pool, close to the core and the reflector tank, are the cooling channels, the nuclear and non-nuclear instrumentation as well as the irradiation facilities.
		Nuclear and non-nuclear waste materials are controlled, classified, isolated and monitored in a special installation of the reactor.
	www.invap.net /nuclear/rrrp/nucleo-e.html (302 words)

	Safety of Nuclear Power Reactors
		Those responsible for nuclear power technology in the west devoted extraordinary effort to ensuring that a meltdown of the reactor core would not take place, since it was assumed that a meltdown of the core would create a major public hazard, and if uncontained, a tragic accident with likely fatalities.
		Nuclear power plants are designed with sensors to shut them down automatically in an earthquake, and this is a vital consideration in many parts of the world.
		The April 1986 disaster at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in the Ukraine was the result of major design deficiencies in the RBMK type of reactor, the violation of operating procedures and the absence of a safety culture.
	www.uic.com.au /nip14.htm (4035 words)

	World Nuclear Association \| Information and Issue Briefs \| Safety of Nuclear Power Reactors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		While nuclear power plants are designed to be safe in their operation and safe in the event of any malfunction or accident, no industrial activity can be represented as entirely risk-free.
		The physics and chemistry of a reactor core, coupled with but not wholly depending on the engineering, mean that the consequences of an accident are likely in fact be much less severe than those from other industrial and energy sources.
		Switzerland's Nuclear Safety Inspectorate studied a similar scenario and reported in 2003 that the danger of any radiation release from such a crash would be low for the older plants and extremely low for the newer ones.
	www.world-nuclear.org /info/inf06.htm (3662 words)

	Nuclear renaissance
		But to expand the use of nuclear power, we must ensure that existing nuclear power plants continue to operate safely beyond their original design lifetime of 40 years, simplify reactor regulations without compromising reactor safety, and build new nuclear power plants that are simpler, cheaper, safer, and less prone to terrorist attack.
		Normally, a nuclear reactor's core is cooled in a bath of water under high pressure; the core and bath are contained in a large vessel.
		Commercial nuclear power plants could be much simpler and safer, Rao says, by generating the same amount of power in a larger volume of the reactor's core.
	www.eurekalert.org /features/doe/2003-12/danl-nr031804.php (1865 words)

	RSEC: FAQ
		Nuclear Engineering undergraduate students are required to take two courses that utilize the reactor as part of their laboratory experience and learning process.
		All reactor operators of university research reactors and nuclear power plants in the United States are licensed by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission by means of written and operating examinations.
		The core remains under water which provides a shield to protect the worker and the fuel or instruments are moved using long-handled tools.
	www.rsec.psu.edu /faq.html (2159 words)

	Gamma thermometer based reactor core liquid level detector - Patent 4406011
		The gamma thermometer which normally is employed to monitor local core heat generation rate (reactor power), is modified by thermocouple junctions and leads to obtain an unambiguous indication of the presence or absence of coolant liquid at the gamma thermometer location.
		A primary concern in the operation of a pressurized water reactor (PWR) is the level of coolant within the reactor core vessel.
		The parameter ##EQU3## where h is the surface heat transfer coefficient, P is the wetted perimeter, K is the thermal conductivity of the core rod, and A is the cross-sectional area of the core rod.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4406011.html (2668 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		According to a third aspect of the invention we provide a method of producing a fuel assembly for a nuclear reactor in which a plurality of fuel rods are inserted into the fuel assembly, at least two different diameters of fuel rod being provided.
		A method of loading a nuclear reactor core comprising inserting a new fuel assembly, or refuelling a nuclear reactor core comprising removing a fuel assembly and inserting a new assembly, in which the new fuel assembly is provided according to any of claims 1 to 15 and/or produced according to the method of claim 16.
		A fuel assembly for a nuclear reactor core, and/or a nuclear reactor core incorporating a fuel assembly, in which the fuel assembly has the ratio of the average power of the peak pin in the assembly to the average power of the average pin in the assembly is less than 1.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=01/50477.010712&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (3442 words)

	Nuclear Reactor at the University of Missouri-Rolla
		The UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI-ROLLA (UMR) reactor has been in operation since 1961 and was the first nuclear reactor in the state of Missouri.
		The reactor facility is available for use by students, faculty, and outside researchers.
		Use of the reactor by both college and high school students outside of the university is strongly encouraged.
	www.nuc.umr.edu /reactor/reactor.html (839 words)

	Nuclear Power Generation Information Sheet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Energy in a nuclear reactor is derived from a process called nuclear fission, in which a neutron strikes the nucleus of a uranium atom and is absorbed.
		While no nuclear reactors have been ordered in the United States since 1978, China, India, Russia, and South Korea and other countries have brought new reactors into service during the current century.
		Concerns about issues such as high-level waste disposal, decommissioning expenses when reactors are retired, and the use of nuclear reactors to relieve possible global warming associated with fossil fuel-based generation will influence the future level of growth of nuclear power worldwide.
	www.eia.doe.gov /neic/infosheets/nuclear.htm (734 words)

	ParaPundit: Earth Core Nuclear Reactor May Run Out Of Nuclear Fuel
		Geophysicist J. Marvin Herndon argues that the core of the Earth is really a 5 mile (or 8 kilometer) uranium ball that operates as a natural nuclear reactor.
		Computer simulations of a nuclear reactor in the Earth's core, conducted at the prestigious Oak Ridge National Laboratory, reveal evidence, in the form of helium fission products, which indicates that the end of the georeactor lifetime may be approaching.
		One is whether the Earth's core is a large nuclear reactor that drives the Earth's magnetic field.
	www.parapundit.com /archives/001082.html (1246 words)

	NuclearSpace: Opening the Next Frontier pt. 10
		A gas core reactor is expected to operate at temperatures of 25,000C.
		Third, a gas cored reactor has several potential "scram" modes, both fast and slow, and the speed of the reaction is easily "throttled" by adding and removing fuel or by manipulating the vortex.
		If the core exceeds the design parameters of the window, which are to be slightly weaker than the silica "lightbulb," then the "shotgun" blasts 150 or so kilos of boron/cadmium pellets into the uranium gas, quenching the reaction immediately.
	www.nuclearspace.com /a_liberty_ship10.htm (2202 words)

	ne150 \| Nuclear Engineering, UC, Berkeley
		Nuclear reactor theory: one-group reactor equation, criticality conditions; effect of reflectors; determination of critical concentration, dimension and mass; heterogeneity effects: fuel lumping and control-absorber lumping; calculation of thermal utilization, resonance escape probability, and fast fission factor.
		Introduction to Nuclear Reactor Theory provides the students with the understanding of the phenomena that take place in fission reactors and with the understanding of the nuclear reactor design requirements.
		This course contributes to the NE program objectives by providing education in an area (nuclear reactor theory) that is of central importance for a career in nuclear engineering.
	www.nuc.berkeley.edu /courses/classes/ne150.html (1014 words)

	USATODAY.com - U.S. nuclear power industry working on quiet comeback (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		But the failure of mechanical systems, which caused a partial meltdown of the reactor core and some release of radioactivity, was "a public relations disaster for our industry," said Steve Kerekes of the Nuclear Energy Institute.
		Nuclear reactors do not produce greenhouse gases, but they do create radioactive waste.
		Hamilton said nuclear power is potentially costly for taxpayers because the government will have to pay for the cost of waste storage and the bulk of any cleanup after a reactor accident.
	www.usatoday.com /news/washington/2005-06-19-nuclear-energy_x.htm (957 words)

	Howstuffworks "How Nuclear Power Works"
		Have you ever wondered how a nuclear power plant works or how safe nuclear power is? In this article, we will examine how a nuclear reactor and a power plant work.
		So many, in fact, that a pound of highly enriched uranium as used to power a nuclear submarine or nuclear aircraft carrier is equal to something on the order of a million gallons of gasoline.
		Also, in some reactors, the coolant fluid in contact with the reactor core is gas (carbon dioxide) or liquid metal (sodium, potassium); these types of reactors allow the core to be operated at higher temperatures.
	www.howstuffworks.com /nuclear-power.htm (1129 words)

	UC BERKELEY NUCLEAR ENGINEERING RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
		Reactor vendors such as General Electric and General Atomics are already using her methodology.
		According to Vujic, nuclear reactors have barely been tapped for their energy-producing potential in the United States, currently supplying about 20 percent of U.S. electrical power.
		Standing on the brink of what appears to be technological revolution in reactor core simulation, Vujic looks to Washington not only to let it happen, but to understand and actively support it.
	www.nuc.berkeley.edu /neutronics/papers/gtran2.html (1131 words)

	The American Experience \| Meltdown at Three Mile Island \| Special Feature
		The core is a nuclear furnace, generating heat as its atoms split during a controlled chain reaction.
		Control rods are lowered into or raised out of the core to control the rate at which the atoms split, and therefore the amount of heat generated by the core.
		Because it comes in contact with the core, the water in the primary loop is radioactive.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/amex/three/sfeature/tmihow.html (237 words)

	FuturePundit: Earth Core Nuclear Reactor May Run Out Of Nuclear Fuel
		Geophysicist J. Marvin Herndon argues that the core of the Earth is really a 5 mile (or 8 kilometer) uranium ball that operates as a natural nuclear reactor.
		Computer simulations of a nuclear reactor in the Earth's core, conducted at the prestigious Oak Ridge National Laboratory, reveal evidence, in the form of helium fission products, which indicates that the end of the georeactor lifetime may be approaching.
		One is whether the Earth's core is a large nuclear reactor that drives the Earth's magnetic field.
	www.futurepundit.com /archives/001082.html (1406 words)

	NE 405 Learning Outcomes
		This goal is achieved via the discussion of modeling of nuclear reactor kinetics, feedback effects in power reactors, core heat transfer, and the dynamics of major plant components, including pressurizer, steam generators, heat exchangers and major control systems.
		These would enable the students to understand the transient behavior of nuclear power plants, control and safety aspects that are crucial in the design of future power plants.
		Reactor design and safety is an evolving technology and continuous learning is a necessity.
	www.engr.utk.edu /nuclear/abet/405abet.html (548 words)

	Press Communiqué 18 October First results of an NEA-sponsored experiment on the mitigation of severe nuclear ...
		The OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) has just received information on the results of two successful tests carried out at the Argonne National Laboratory in the United States as part of an international project to study the emergency cooling of the debris of a molten nuclear reactor core following a severe accident.
		In a core melt accident, if the molten core is not retained inside the vessel despite severe accident mitigation actions, the core debris will relocate to the reactor cavity region and interact with the structural concrete - potentially resulting in failure of structures through erosion or over-pressurisation.
		The severe accident management guidance for operating light water reactor plants includes, as one of several strategies, flooding the reactor cavity in the event of a core melt release outside the steel vessel.
	www.nea.fr /html/general/press/2002/2002-13.html (458 words)

	IAEA1286: RETRAC, Reactor Core Accident Simulation
		The reactor core is represented by single equivalent unit cells composed of three regions: fuel, clad, and moderator (coolant).
		Core cooling is treated as a homogeneous one-dimensional fluid flow through a representative unit cell composed of three successive regions: fuel, clad, and coolant.
		The conservation laws are solved by the method of characteristics coupled with an implicit finite difference scheme to ensure stability and convergence of the numerical algorithm.
	www.nea.fr /abs/html/iaea1286.html (520 words)

	Nuclear Power Reactors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		In a nuclear power plant, the fission of Uranium atoms in the reactor provides the heat to produce steam for generating electricity.
		Heat is produced in a nuclear reactor when neutrons strike Uranium atoms causing them to fission in a continuous chain reaction.
		In a PWR, the heat is removed from the reactor by water flowing in a closed pressurized loop.
	reactor.engr.wisc.edu /power.html (433 words)

	CNN - Today/Tomorrow - Helping nuclear plants keep their cool
		Some nuclear scientists say there is a new and safer way to run nuclear power plants that could prevent such mishaps.
		Most nuclear plants throughout the world currently rely on a system of electric pumps to keep from overheating.
		But scientists say it could take another 10 years of research and construction before the design is ready to be used in a nuclear power plant in the United States.
	www.cnn.com /TECH/9611/06/t_t/nuclear.gravity (372 words)

	Osiraq - Iraq Special Weapons Facilities
		Iraq began to expand its nuclear sector in the 1970's, but made little progress in the early 1980's, when most of its energy and attention were focused on the war against Iran.
		IAEA officials denied these charges and reaffirmed their position on the Iraqi reactor, that is, that no weapons had been manufactured at Osiraq and that Iraqi officials had regularly cooperated with agency inspectors.
		The Israeli nuclear facility at Dimona, it was pointed out, was not under IAEA safeguards, because Israel had not signed the NPT and had refused to open its facilities to UN inspections.
	www.fas.org /nuke/guide/iraq/facility/osiraq.htm (1270 words)

	NewsAdvance.com \| AREVA employee helps maintain nuclear reactor core
		Down's group, pressurized water reactor and spent fuel services, is one of several working on various parts of the plant.
		His department is responsible for maintaining the reactor's core, a job that requires the skills of 30 to 35 technicians.
		Crews then remove the nuclear fuel from the core and move it to a spent fuel pool, which takes another two days.
	www.newsadvance.com /servlet/Satellite?pagename=LNA/MGArticle/LNA_BasicArticle&c=MGArticle&cid=1128769023277&path=!news!archive (571 words)

	NUCLEAR REACTOR CORE PROBLEMS
		Material problems in a nuclear reactor plant can be grouped into at least two categories, one concerning the nuclear reactor core and one that will apply to all plant materials.
		This chapter discusses specific material problems associated with the reactor that include pellet-cladding interaction, fuel densification, fuelcladding embrittlement, and effects on fuel due to inclusion and core burnup.
		There are three principle effects associated with fuel densification that must be evaluated for reactors in all modes of operation.
	www.tpub.com /doematerialsci/materialscience56.htm (798 words)

	Nuclear Rennaissance \| Research Quarterly Fall 2003\| Los Alamos National Laboratory
		Growing levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide are raising concerns of global warming and sparking renewed interest in nuclear power.
		Since joining Los Alamos, he has directed several NRC-sponsored reactor studies and is currently the Lab's NRC program manager.
		His research interests include special-purpose nuclear reactors, energy security, nuclear counterproliferation, and risk assessment for homeland security.
	www.lanl.gov /quarterly/q_fall03/nuc_renaissance.shtml (2023 words)

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