
	Where results make sense

Topic: Nuclear reprocessing

Related Topics

Nuclear fuel cycle

Direct democracy

Norwegian black metal

Attack on Pearl Harbor

Cassava

Lake Tahoe

Battle of Cape Ecnomus

Sagittarius

French and Indian War

In the News (Tue 8 Dec 09)

Northern Trust

Marvin Harrison

Peter Chernin

Gary Locke

Match Play

Penelope Cruz

Mickey Rourke

AR Rahman

Danny Boyle

Hugh Jackman

	World Nuclear Association \| Nuclear Energy Made Simple \| Nuclear Electricity \| Chapter 5 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Reprocessing avoids the waste of a valuable resource because most of the spent fuel (uranium at less than 1% U-235 and a little plutonium) can be recycled as fresh fuel elements, saving some 30% of the natural uranium otherwise required.
		Reprocessing of spent oxide fuel involves dissolving the fuel elements in nitric acid.
		After reprocessing, the recovered uranium may be handled in a normal fuel fabrication plant (after re-enrichment), but the plutonium must be recycled via a dedicated mixed oxide (MOX) fuel fabrication plant, which will often be integrated with the reprocessing plant which separated it.
	www.world-nuclear.org /education/ne/ne5.htm (6063 words)

	UK Nuclear Reprocessing Plant
		Technically, reprocessing is the chemical treatment of spent reactor fuel to separate the plutonium and uranium from spent fuel rods and from each other, to be used again as fuel (1).
		Typically, nuclear reprocessing plants, such as Thorp plant, carry out a chemical operation which separates the elements of the fuel rods; thereby extracting 97% uranium and plutonium which can be utilized again for energy purposes.
		After reprocessing, the nuclear waste is then shipped back to the country of origin in a glass form, resulting from a process known as vitrification.
	www.american.edu /TED/uknuke.htm (3265 words)

	World Nuclear Association \| Information and Issue Briefs \| Processing of Used Nuclear Fuel for Recycle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		After reprocessing, the recovered uranium may be handled in a fuel fabrication plant (after re-enrichment)*, but the plutonium must be recycled via a dedicated mixed oxide (MOX) fuel fabrication plant.
		In France one 400 t/yr reprocessing plant is operating for metal fuels from gas-cooled reactors at Marcoule.
		With repeated recycle in a transmutation system, the radiotoxicity of used nuclear fuel can be reduced to the point that, after a decay period of a few hundred years, it is less radiotoxic than the uranium ore originally used to produce the fuel.
	www.world-nuclear.org /info/inf69.htm (3977 words)

	Nuclear Fuels Reprocessing Coalition
		Commercial spent nuclear fuel reprocessing is an acceptable, practical means of reducing high-level radioactive waste volumes in other industrialized nations that rely to a great degree on nuclear power for their electricity.
		Instead, the DOE has pursued a policy of phasing out its own spent nuclear fuel reprocessing operations despite the fact the commercial nuclear power industry is applying for extensions to the operating licenses of many existing nuclear power plants, and some utilities have expressed an interest in building advanced nuclear reactors.
		Further, the inability of the DOE to provide centralized, off-site spent nuclear fuel storage to our commercial nuclear power plants as previously legislated is causing additional, undue hardships on many of our nuclear power plants due to the need to purchase additional dry storage casks to support prolonged on-site storage of spent nuclear fuel.
	groups.msn.com /nuclearfuelsreprocessingcoalition/wasteact1.msnw (496 words)

	NRDC: DOE's Nuclear Energy Research Programs Threaten National Security
		Nuclear Fuel Services, for example, operated a 300-ton-per-year commercial spent fuel reprocessing facility near West Valley, New York, from 1966 to 1972, when it shut down the facility for safety reasons and did not reopen because it was no longer economical to do so.
		Nuclear weapons can be made from "explosive fissionable material," defined as any fissionable material that can be, or potentially can be, assembled into a bare or reflected fast neutron supercritical state resulting in an explosive disassembly.
		Uranium was either enriched to high concentrations of uranium-235 for direct use in nuclear weapons or it was irradiated in reactors and chemically separated, otherwise known as "reprocessed," to recover plutonium for use in nuclear weapons.
	www.nrdc.org /nuclear/bush/freprocessing.asp (3184 words)

	Congressional testimony on nuclear fuel reprocessing
		Alternative nuclear fuel cycle options that employ separations, transmutation, and refined disposal (e.g., conservation of geologic repository space) must be contrasted with the current planned approach of direct disposal, taking into account the complete set of potential benefits and penalties.
		Reprocessing of spent fuel is a necessary step in an advanced fuel cycle, but is insufficient to yield any significant benefits by itself: benefits are only incurred once the reprocessed materials are recycled and partially or totally eliminated.
		Reprocessing operations in the U.K. may be terminated within the next 10 years, primarily because the shutdown of gas-cooled power reactors is limiting the need for the Sellafield B-205 plant.
	www.anl.gov /Media_Center/News/2005/testimony050616.html (5181 words)

	Nuclear Fuels Reprocessing Coalition
		NFR promotes reprocessing commercial spent nuclear fuel that is generated by commercial nuclear power plants.
		Reprocessing dramatically reduces the amount of high-level radioactive waste that would have to be stored in a geologic repository.
		We also support reprocessing plutonium and highly enriched uranium from nuclear warheads into fuel for use in commercial nuclear power plants.
	groups.msn.com /nuclearfuelsreprocessingcoalition (81 words)

	Nuclear Free Seas Floatilla 2002 - Mox Fuel Information
		Once the uranium fuel rods in a nuclear reactor reach the end of their useful life (usually around three years) the fuel is unloaded and treated as highly radioactive nuclear waste.
		Nuclear reprocessing is crucial to produce plutonium for nuclear weapons - all the countries with plutonium based nuclear weapons have reprocessing facilities.
		Nuclear reprocessing creates a great deal of waste from all the machinery, buildings, liquids and chemicals used, filters, clothing of the nuclear workers, etc. As a result reprocessing creates up to 180 times the volume of nuclear waste compared to the volume of the original waste nuclear fuel.
	www.nuclearfree.co.nz /mox.htm (2519 words)

	Timeline: Top Five Events Related to Nuclear Waste in 2001
		Both nuclear fuel reprocessing plants at Sellafield in Cumbria, UK are shut down due to high level nuclear waste reaching unacceptable levels.
		Both nuclear fuel reprocessing plants at Sellafield in Cumbria, UK were shut down on 21 September due to high level nuclear waste reaching unacceptable levels.
		The train, traveling from the French nuclear reprocessing plant at La Hague, was forced to retreat to Dahlenburg for refueling and maintenance as riot police freed protesters who had attached themselves to the rail tracks.
	www.nuclearfiles.org /menu/timeline/top-five-events-waste-2001.htm (1340 words)

	BBC News \| UK \| What is nuclear reprocessing?
		The average life of a nuclear fuel rod is four years, after which time waste products have built up making it less efficient.
		Reprocessing is the chemical operation which separates the useful fuel for recycling from the waste.
		And there are fears that reprocessing increases the chances of terrorists obtaining plutonium for nuclear weapons, and the risks of nuclear proliferation.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/uk/647981.stm (624 words)

	Greenpeace's campaign to Stop Plutonium Terror
		Reprocessing, or chemical separation, of the spent fuel in France was completed in 2000.
		Politicians close to Tokyo Electric and considered strongly supportive of its nuclear program, including plans to use plutonium MOX fuel, have expressed their shock and anger at the level of deception demonstrated by the company.
		The Nuclear Free Irish Sea Flotilla of yachts and boats intends to sail out into the Irish Sea in advance of the shipment to peacfully protest the threat posed by nuclear transports and on-going operations at Sellafield.
	archive.greenpeace.org /nuclear/bnfl/news_l3_pr_020905.htm (856 words)

	Radioactive Leak Shuts Down UK Nuclear Reprocessing Plant
		The THORP facility was transferred to the Nuclear Decommissioning Authority as part of a reorganization of the UK’s £40 billion nuclear waste liabilities.
		The Nuclear Decommissioning Authority is tasked with cleaning up the UK's nuclear legacy, but the THORP accident has slowed that process because its contribution to the cleanup budget will not be available as long as it is shut down.
		Sir Anthony Cleaver is chairman of the Nuclear Decommissioning Authority that is responsible for THORP.
	www.ens-newswire.com /ens/may2005/2005-05-11-02.asp (930 words)

	NTI: Country Overviews: PAkistan: Nuclear Chronology
		India's nuclear explosion in 1974 as well as the general instability in the region contributed to Pakistan's decision to acquire nuclear weapons.
		During the meeting, Shahi says that Pakistan does not wish to produce a nuclear bomb and informs Mishra that Pakistan is proceeding with a uranium enrichment plant based on a light-water reactor purely for economic reasons and for conducting research and development activities.
		According to the PAEC chairman, the reprocessing plant would enable Pakistan to re-use 79% of the spent fuel and produce plutonium that could be used in the future breeder reactors.
	www.nti.org /e_research/profiles/Pakistan/Nuclear/5593_5678.html (11620 words)

	UK abandons nuclear fuel reprocessing - 26 August 2003 - New Scientist
		Fuel reprocessing, a technology that helped launch the world's nuclear industry half a century ago, is to be abandoned by Britain.
		The first reprocessing plants were built in the 1950s to extract plutonium for nuclear warheads.
		Malcolm Grimston, a nuclear analyst from Imperial College in London, points out that when THORP was first conceived in the 1970s, the industry was expecting a massive expansion of nuclear power.
	www.newscientist.com /article.ns?id=dn4090 (527 words)

	CNN.com - U.S: N. Korea reprocessing rods - Jul. 13, 2003
		Air samples taken in the vicinity of North Korea's Yongbyon nuclear plant indicate the presence of Krypton-85, a specific gas byproduct which suggests reprocessing of the materials is under way, intelligence experts said Saturday.
		The spent fuel rods were part of a plutonium-based nuclear weapons program frozen under a 1994 pact between North Korea and the United States.
		The nuclear crisis blew up last year when Washington said Pyongyang admitted to a secret nuclear weapons program, in violation of the pact.
	www.cnn.com /2003/WORLD/asiapcf/east/07/12/nk.nuclear/index.html (439 words)

	Snake River Alliance > Our Work > Reprocessing
		Summary: Reprocessing is the must-take step between a nuclear reactor and a nuclear bomb.
		This is not a cost the nuclear industry is eager to assume, nor is the cost of converting their reactors so they could run on the extracted plutonium.
		Though reprocessing for the nuclear weapons program wasn’t halted until 1992 (by the first President Bush), commercial reprocessing effectively ended in 1972 when West Valley shut down.
	www.snakeriveralliance.org /OurWork/Reprocessing/tabid/158/Default.aspx (805 words)

	BBC News \| Sci/Tech \| UK urged to end nuclear reprocessing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The pressure group Friends of the Earth says a leaked UK Government report shows that the reprocessing of nuclear fuel should stop at once.
		The report, An R & D Strategy for the Disposal of High-Level Radioactive Waste and Spent Nuclear Fuel, was prepared by a firm of consultants, Quantisci.
		The report says British Nuclear Fuels, which reprocesses material at its site at Sellafield in northwest England, already has a stockpile of 92 tonnes of plutonium.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/sci/tech/419803.stm (382 words)

	TFF Jonathan Power Columns (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The nuclear industry is a big and powerful lobby and, as the debate over compensation for broken contracts demonstrates, vast sums are at stake.
		But the tough, unsentimental men in Japan, who are taking these nuclear decisions today, are looking twenty years ahead, to a time when a new generation may have another viewpoint and the geopolitics of the east may be differently arranged.
		This is why, pressured though he is by a powerful nuclear industry, Chancellor Schroeder does not suggest for a second that the decision to close down the country's nuclear power plants and end reprocessing is anything but briefly delayed.
	www.transnational.org /forum/power/1999/02nuclear.html (843 words)

	Take Action: Oppose Controversial New Nuclear Program
		Reprocessing, which separates weapons-usable plutonium from the other nuclear waste contained in spent fuel, would be enormously expensive, make disposing of our nuclear waste more difficult, and encourage other nations to pursue this technology, which can be used for a nuclear weapons program.
		Despite the significant dangers posed by reprocessing, the administration's new budget proposal is likely to contain a request for hundreds of millions of dollars for such a program.
		Please keep dangerous nuclear material out of the hands of terrorists by opposing all funding for the reprocessing of U.S. nuclear fuel here and abroad.
	ucsaction.org /campaign/2_2_06_nuclear_reprocessing/wesn7ugrz5bted8 (354 words)

	Fuel reprocessing news at nuclear.com
		Up until the mid-1970s the commercial nuclear industry was expected to operate several nuclear fuel reprocessing plants to recover fissile plutonium from virtually all of the commercial spent fuel from U.S reactors.
		Each reprocessing plant had one or two storage pools to receive and store the fuel temporarily until it was reprocessed.
		Full operation is planned to begin in August 2007 -- reprocessing some 800 tons of spent nuclear fuel a year into more than 4 tons of plutonium which will be used as uranium-and-plutonium mixed fuel at the country's nuclear power plants.
	www.nuclear.com /index-Reprocessing.html (1314 words)

	Scoop: Scientists Against Spent Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing
		They contend that, in the absence of reprocessing, the amount of spent fuel discharged by U.S. power reactors will soon exceed the legislated storage capacity of a spent fuel repository being built under Yucca Mountain in Nevada.
		"Reprocessing does not eliminate the need for a repository, and there is no urgent need for additional repository capacity," they write.
		Reprocessing would also increase the amount of plutonium available that terrorists might try to steal.
	www.scoop.co.nz /stories/WO0509/S00142.htm (850 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)