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	Info and facts on 'Radioactive waste' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Waste can also be generated from the processing of fuel for nuclear reactor ((physics) any of several kinds of apparatus that maintain and control a nuclear reaction for the production of energy or artificial elements) s or nuclear weapon (A weapon of mass destruction whose explosive power derives from a nuclear reaction) s.
		This means isolating or diluting the waste so that the rate or concentration of any radionuclides returned to the biosphere (The regions of the surface and atmosphere of the Earth (or other planet) where living organisms exist) is harmless.
		While nuclear waste is not as sensitive to disruption as an active nuclear reactor, it is often treated as waste and forgotten.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/r/ra/radioactive_waste.htm (2007 words)

	Nuclear Waste: Storage and Disposal Methods
		Nuclear waste is the type of waste that results from the use and production of nuclear materials.
		Also, any form of plutonium may be fashioned into a very potent nuclear weapon; this poses a threat to the safety of humanity (if this nuclear waste were to fall into the wrong hands).
		Most of the weapons grade plutonium pits (pits are the nuclear triggers for a hydrogen bomb) from the dismantlement of nuclear weapons are being dry-stored in casks at a facility outside of Amarillo, Texas (Bullen and McCormick 683).
	www.etsu.edu /writing/3120f99/zctb3/nuclear2.htm (1100 words)

	Encyclopedia: Nuclear waste
		Plutonium waste from nuclear fuel used in nuclear power plants and similar reactors is highly radioactive and needs to be shielded and handled very carefully at remote distances.
		Radioactive waste is waste material containing radioactive chemical elements which does not have a practical purpose.
		Waste can also be generated from the processing of fuel for nuclear reactors or nuclear weapons.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Nuclear-waste (219 words)

	Nuclear Waste Task Force - Nuclear Waste - Sierra Club
		Using uranium as a fuel in the types of nuclear reactors common in the United States requires that the uranium be enriched so that the percentage of U235 is increased, typically to 3 to 5%.
		High-level waste (HLW) is highly radioactive material from the reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel.
		TRU waste is produced during reactor fuel assembly, weapons fabrication, and chemical processing operations.
	www.sierraclub.org /nuclearwaste/nucw.asp (692 words)

	Waste Management in the Nuclear Fuel Cycle
		All parts of the nuclear fuel cycle produce some radioactive waste (radwaste) and the cost of managing and disposing of this is part of the electricity cost, ie it is internalised.
		Most nuclear utilities are required by governments to put aside a levy (eg 0.1 cents per kilowatt hour in the USA) to provide for management and disposal of their wastes.
		There is an acute awareness in the waste management community of this lack of public confidence; efforts are needed by both implementers and regulators to communicate effectively to decision makers and the public their consensus view that safe disposal can be achieved.
	www.uic.com.au /nip09.htm (4096 words)

	World Nuclear Association - Energy for Sustainable Development
		Nuclear waste is small in volume and safely manageable.
		Compare it with dumping 25 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide into our air each year, and you might decide that waste is nuclear power's greatest comparative asset.
		This succinct presentation of the case for nuclear energy, which has appeared in newspapers worldwide, is downloadable for printing.
	www.world-nuclear.org (452 words)

	Shell Nuclear Waste
		That the nuclear materials/waste was disposed of in some of the most densely populated sectors of the United Kingdom.
		To achieve this, a contractor with a history of illegal disposal of nuclear material, was specifically sought and engaged to decommission Shell's nuclear reactor/testing cell, and, dump the remainder of the nuclear materials/waste.
		The implications of this waste disposal for whose reside - or have resided - in areas where the materials/waste is dumped are potentially devastating.
	www.nuclearcrimes.com (2232 words)

	Radioactive Waste Management
		Nuclear power is characterised by the very large amount of energy available from a very small amount of fuel.
		The waste is either concentrated and then isolated, or it is diluted to acceptable levels and then discharged to the environment.
		The cycle comprises the mining and milling of the uranium ore, its processing and fabrication into nuclear fuel, its use in the reactor, the treatment of the spent fuel taken from the reactor after use and finally, disposal of the wastes.
	www.uic.com.au /wast.htm (3100 words)

	Guardian Unlimited \| The Guardian \| Ministers warned of huge rise in nuclear waste
		A new generation of nuclear power stations would increase five-fold the amount of a lethal and long-lasting form of highly radioactive nuclear waste stored in the UK, official figures show.
		It comes as the nuclear industry and supporters are pressing ministers to approve reactors in the face of uncertainty over gas supplies.
		The nuclear industry has suggested spent fuel from new reactors could be stored on site at power stations for at least a century.
	www.guardian.co.uk /frontpage/story/0,16518,1682244,00.html (560 words)

	End the nuclear threat \| Greenpeace International
		Almost half a century after Eisenhower's speech the planet is left with the legacy of nuclear waste, which will be radioactive for tens or hundreds of thousands of years.
		Nuclear installations, whether military or civil, have a sad record of accidents and incidents, shrouded in cover-ups, lies and misinformation.
		The growing problem of nuclear waste and the threat of proliferation being two of the most pressing.
	www.greenpeace.org /international/campaigns/nuclear (514 words)

	Nuclear Waste Explained (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The nuclear waste destined for a repository at Yucca Mountain is called spent nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive waste.
		This waste will be in solid form such as metals, ceramics, and glass with small amounts of radioactive gases.
		The nuclear waste is dangerous because it will emit radiation for tens of thousands of years.
	www.ocrwm.doe.gov /ymp/about/waste_explained.shtml (73 words)

	Open Directory - Society: Issues: Environment: Nuclear: Waste (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Nuclear Guardianship Library - Resources for developing the political, technical and moral understanding required for the responsible care of radioactive materials for many generations.
		OECD Nuclear Energy Agency Radioactive Waste Management Programme - The NEA's goal is to assist member countries in radioactive waste management, developing safe management and disposal strategies for spent fuel, long-lived waste, and waste from the decommissioning of nuclear facilities.
		Waste In The West Siberian Basin - Russian scientists began discharging liquid radioactive waste to rivers and reservoirs and injecting waste into the groundwater some 50 years ago.
	dmoz.org /Society/Issues/Environment/Nuclear/Waste (608 words)

	Private Fuel Storage, LLC: Developing Safe, Clean, Temporary Storage for Spent Nuclear Fuel
		Nuclear power plants emit no harmful pollutants, such as sulfur and particulates, or greenhouse gases.
		Between 1973 and 1997, nuclear generation avoided the emission of 82.2 million tons of sulfur dioxide and more than 37 million tons of nitrogen oxides that would have been produced by plants powered by fossil fuels.
		The Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982 gave the federal government responsibility and a deadline of January 31, 1998 to begin accepting commercial nuclear waste.
	www.privatefuelstorage.com (307 words)

	SPACE.com -- Moon Seen As Nuclear Waste Repository
		However, others fear, among a list of worries, that transporting nuclear waste over city streets and state highways is asking for trouble, as well as being a tempting target for terrorists.
		Gormly contends that the waste issue is the single most important problem limiting nuclear power development.
		The development of a lunar waste repository is an off-world opportunity to develop positive political and social momentum.
	www.space.com /news/nuclear_moon_020822.html (1033 words)

	NRC: Radioactive Waste
		The Office of Nuclear Material Safety and Safeguards has overall responsibility for NRC’s radioactive waste regulation program and NRC's Regional Offices (Region I - Northeast, Region II - Southeast, Region III - Midwest, and Region IV - West/Southwest) implement these programs in the states for which they are responsible.
		Regulation of low-level waste disposal is regulated by both the NRC and Agreement States.
		Waste regulation is also supported by a Radioactive Waste Safety Research program and by independent advice from the Advisory Committee on Nuclear Waste.
	www.nrc.gov /waste.html (213 words)

	NRDC: Nuclear Weapons, Waste & Energy
		For more than 25 years, NRDC has played a major role in the formation of U.S. nuclear nonproliferation, arms control, energy, and environmental policies.
		Our overarching goal is the reduction, and ultimate elimination, of unacceptable risks to people and the environment from the exploitation of nuclear energy for both military and peaceful purposes.
		A decade after the Cold War, the United States is still deploying 480 nuclear weapons in Europe.
	www.nrdc.org /nuclear (169 words)

	Concerned Citizens for Nuclear Safety
		Nuclear Laundry Revisited - INS is suing the City of Santa Fe because of stricter environmental regulation.
		Waste would be burried under a thin layer of dirt rather than excavation of the waste and proper clean up.
		The report found deficiencies in the documentation of both the waste buried at LANL and that planned to be disposed of at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant, which could conceal the missing plutonium.
	www.nuclearactive.org (2838 words)

	Great Canadian Nuclear Waste Saga (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		With the nuclear industry holding the reins of power, the NWMO can rightly be viewed as no more than a tool of that industry.
		Current nuclear industry promotion of "a new generation" of reactors evokes memories of an earlier nuclear energy machine that never got off the ground.
		Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd.'s concept for permanent underground nuclear waste burial is subjected to a lengthy Canadian environmental assessment process.
	www.web.net /~robbins (590 words)

	Nuclear Waste in Sweden: Contents
		Most of the information presented on high-level waste is based on the May 1987 Swedish language booklet "Nuclear Waste" ("Kärnkraftavfall") published by The Waste Network ("Avfallskedjan") and translated by Håkan Larsson (1).
		The large quantities of nuclear waste produced by about 400 commercial nuclear reactors in about 30 countries has put survival itself at stake.
		Nevertheless, as people actively resisting the nuclear threat, we know that concerned people have the ability and are responsible enough to turn the threat into meaningful action.
	www.folkkampanjen.se /nwfront.html (496 words)

	Nuclear Waste @ National Geographic Magazine
		The strong nuclear force, the binding energy that makes atomic nuclei the most tightfisted entities in all creation, had been sundered, unleashing enormous power—the equivalent of 15,000 tons (13,600 metric tons) of TNT in the Hiroshima bomb—as well as a race to create bigger weapons.
		Just one kilogram, or 2.2 pounds, of plutonium required around a thousand tons of uranium ore. Generated from uranium bombarded by neutrons in a nuclear reactor, the plutonium was later separated from the uranium in hellish baths of acids and solvents still awaiting disposal.
		Final Environmental Impact Statement for a Geologic Repository for the Disposal of Spent Nuclear Fuel and High-Level Radioactive Waste at Yucca Mountain, Nye County, Nevada.
	magma.nationalgeographic.com /ngm/0207/feature1 (1069 words)

	U.S. Nuclear Waste Technical Review Board - Reports (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		During that period, the Board continued its evaluation and held meetings on a range of technical and scientific issues, including seismicity, DOE plans for transporting spent nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive waste, the design and operation of facilities at the proposed repository site, performance-confirmation activities, and the potential for localized corrosion.
		Correspondence and related materials are included in the appendices to the report along with the Board's strategic plan for fiscal years 2004-2009, its performance plans for 2004 and 2005, and its performance evaluation for 2003.
		This publication was developed from remarks made by Dr. John Cantlon, Chairman of the Nuclear Waste Technical Review Board, at Topseal ’96, an international conference on nuclear waste management and disposal.
	www.nwtrb.gov /reports/reports.html (3344 words)

	Hanford Watch, Portland, Oregon
		The Hanford Nuclear Reservation is the largest nuclear waste dump in the Western Hemisphere and a major Northwest environmental issue.
		This is your chance to actually have a dialogue with local environmental advocates, state and federal officials and the contractors building Hanford's $5+ billion nuclear waste treatment plant.
		It mandated that no additional radioactive or chemically dangerous waste be imported to Eastern Washington's Hanford Nuclear Reservation until the existing mess is cleaned up.
	www.hanfordwatch.org (496 words)

	Bay Area Nuclear Waste Coalition: Ward Valley (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		BAN Waste was formed in 1991 to stop the proposal for a nuclear waste dump in the east Mojave desert at a place called Ward Valley.
		In an historic victory for environmental justice and the earth, BAN Waste, in concert with a coalition of environmental, social justice organizations, Indian tribes and indigenous rights activists, successfully halted the proposed project.
		Plans were to bury long-lived and highly-dangerous radioactive wastes, mostly from nuclear power plants, in shallow, unlined trenches, above an aquifer that communicates with the Colorado River, in critical habitat for the endangered desert tortoise and sacred homeland for the Colorado River Indian Tribes.
	banwaste.enviroweb.org (179 words)

	Nuclear Waste Transportation
		-- Paper Presented at the Waste Management '04 Conference in Tucson, AZ (February 29 - March 4, 2004) - "Beyond the Mountains: Nuclear Waste Transportation and the Rediscovery of Nevada," by Robert Halstead, Fred Dilger, and James David Ballard.
		State of Nevada - Paper Presented at the Waste Management '04 Conference in Tucson, AZ (February 29 - March 4, 2004) - "Beyond the Mountains: Nuclear Waste Transportation and the Rediscovery of Nevada," by Robert Halstead, Fred Dilger, and James David Ballard.
		Radiation Exposures From Spent Nuclear Fuel and High-Level Nuclear Waste Transportation to a Geologic Repository or Interim Storage Facility in Nevada
	www.state.nv.us /nucwaste/trans.htm (3464 words)

	Shundahai Network "Peace and Harmony with All Creation"
		We promote the principles of Environmental Justice and strive to insure that indigenous voices are heard in the movement to influence U.S. Nuclear and environmental policies.
		Nuclear Free Great Basin, links the dumping and transportation of nuclear waste in the Great Basin bio-region.
		We are fighting to halt the proposed high-level nuclear waste dumps at Yucca Mountain and Skull Valley Reservation.
	www.shundahai.org (644 words)

	Minnesota Environmental Quality Board: Nuclear Waste (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Spent nuclear fuel is stored in pools at both reactor sites, and in addition, the Prairie Island facility stores spent nuclear waste in casks maintained above ground at the reactor site.
		The Environmental Quality Board has siting authority over offsite dry cast storage of high-level radioactive waste from the Prairie Island Nuclear Plant located in Goodhue County (Minnesota Statutes 116C.80).
		In 1991 Northern States Power Company (now Xcel Energy) sought state approval to remove radioactive wastes from the spent nuclear fuel pool at the Prairie Island generating plant and store it in dry casks on a site next to the plant.
	www.eqb.state.mn.us /EnergyFacilities/nuclear.html (536 words)

	Nuclear Waste Management Organization
		Its study has engaged interested Canadians, stakeholders and specialists to develop a solution that safeguards the public in a way that is sustainable, ethically and socially acceptable, and respectful of the environment now and in the future.
		The NWMO mandate is contained in the Nuclear Fuel Waste Act which came into force on November 15, 2002.
		After a comprehensive three year study that engaged specialists, stakeholders and citizens from all walks of life, the Nuclear Waste Management Organization has recommended Adaptive Phased Management for the long-term care of used nuclear fuel.
	www.nwmo.ca (246 words)

	Yucca Mountain Project (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The U.S. Department of Energy began studying Yucca Mountain, Nevada, in 1978 to determine whether it would be suitable for the nation's first long-term geologic repository for spent nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive waste.
		Currently stored at 126 sites around the nation, these materials are a result of nuclear power generation and national defense programs.
		The Department of Energy is currently in the process of preparing an application to obtain the Nuclear Regulatory Commission license to proceed with construction of the repository.
	www.ocrwm.doe.gov /ymp/index.shtml (167 words)

	Berkeley Lab Earth Sciences Division: Nuclear Waste Program
		The role of ESD's Nuclear Waste Program (NWP) is to assist the U.S. Department of Energy, the United States, and other countries in solving the problem of the safe disposal of high-level radioactive waste--by means of high-quality scientific analyses and technology development.
		The major portion of this program involves investigating the feasibility and potential of the Yucca Mountain site in Nevada for permanent storage of high-level nuclear waste.
		To address these questions, the NWP is organized into the Ambient Testing, Thermal Testing, and Modeling groups, with support from geophysical studies.
	esd.lbl.gov /NW (308 words)

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