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	Issues : Nuclear Weapons : Ten Reasons to Abolish Nuclear Weapons
		Nuclear deterrence is based upon a believable threat of nuclear retaliation, and the threat of nuclear weapons use has been constant during the post World War II period.
		Nuclear weapons are needed to combat threats from terrorists and “rogue states.” It has been argued that nuclear weapons are needed to protect against terrorists and “rogue states.” Yet nuclear weapons, whether used for deterrence or as offensive weaponry, are not effective for this purpose.
		Nuclear weapons also cannot be relied on as a deterrent against “rogue states” because their responses to a nuclear threat may be irrational and deterrence relies on rationality.
	www.wagingpeace.org /menu/issues/nuclear-weapons/start/10-nw-myths.htm (1777 words)

	Nuclear weapons and the United States - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The United States of America first began developing nuclear weapons during World War II under the order of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt in 1939, motivated by a fear that they were engaged in a potential race with Nazi Germany to develop such a weapon.
		In the postwar period, the United States was soon engaged in a nuclear arms race against the Soviet Union, who it feared had strong territorial ambitions in postwar Europe and potential ideological ambitions to wage war against the United States.
		The United States is one of the five "nuclear weapons states" permitted to maintain a nuclear arsenal under the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, of which it was an original signatory on July 1, 1968 (ratified March 5, 1970).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nuclear_weapons_and_the_United_States (4973 words)

	NRDC Press Archive: United States Still Deploys Some 480 Nuclear Weapons in Europe, Report Finds
		Although 480 nuclear weapons are only a fraction of what the United States deployed in Europe during the Cold War, they constitute an arsenal that is larger than that of any nuclear weapons state besides the United States or Russia.
		The NRDC report dispels rumors that the United States reduced its nuclear weapons in Europe in the mid- to late-1990s to 150 to 200 warheads.
		Conversely, the United States and NATO argue that the nuclear weapons remain under U.S. custody and control and would only be transferred to allied forces in the event of war, at which point they contend the treaty would no longer apply.
	www.nrdc.org /media/pressReleases/050209.asp (1135 words)

	House Debate on Administration's Nuclear Weapons Initiatives
		Last, developing nuclear bunker busters would undermine decades of work by the United States to prevent nonnuclear states from getting nuclear weapons and encourage nuclear states to reduce their stockpiles.
		We cannot tell the other countries in the world that nuclear weapons are unusable if we are at the same time saying that one can use them, that one can be successful and that one can win if one drops nuclear weapons in the middle of the most densely populated cities in the world.
		The signal the Republicans are sending is that nuclear weapons are usable and they are usable in the middle of cities where bunkers are being built.
	www.aip.org /fyi/2003/075.html (1923 words)

	Russia has a large, functioning nuclear weapons production complex; the United States does not. [Free Republic]
		The problem of undeclared weapons stockpiles is complicated by the possibility that Russia claims to have been destroying thousands of nuclear warheads per year since the end of the Cold War.
		Rodionov, in March, declared that the Russian nuclear forces are "reliable and stable" and excluded "the possibility of unusual situations." Later, during a trip to the United States in May, Rodionov reassured the United States that the C3 system was not a problem.
		If the United States were to reduce to low numbers of warheads while other nations obtained or retained larger numbers, US national security would be gravely at risk.
	www.freerepublic.com /forum/a39407ea24022.htm (4637 words)

	U.S. nuclear forces, 2003 \| thebulletin.org
		The nuclear options are examined in the navy's SLBM Warhead Protection Program, which maintains the capability to develop replacement nuclear warheads for the Mk-5/W88 and the Mk-4/W76.
		The United States retains approximately 1,120 non-strategic nuclear weapons: 800 B61 gravity bombs of three modifications; and 320 Tomahawk land-attack cruise missiles (TLAM/Ns), a portion of which are in reserve or inactive.
		The only U.S. nuclear weapons to remain in forward deployment (besides those on SSBNs) are the approximately 150 B61 bombs at nine airbases in six European NATO countries.
	www.thebulletin.org /article_nn.php?art_ofn=mj03norris (3021 words)

	United States Secretly Deployed Nuclear Bombs In 27 Countries and Territories During Cold War
		WASHINGTON (October 20, 1999) - The United States stored nuclear weapons in 27 countries and territories around the globe during the Cold War, according to "Where They Were," the cover story in the November/December issue of the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists.
		The article, by three noted nuclear weapons analysts including NRDC's Robert S. Norris, is based upon a newly declassified Pentagon history released under a Freedom of Information Act request originally filed in 1985.
		William M. Arkin, a co-author of the article, points out that while historians knew that nuclear weapons were stored in some countries, they were unaware about others and knew nothing of the details.
	www.nrdc.org /media/pressreleases/991020.asp (693 words)

	Dennis Kucinich on Nuclear Weapons (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		We must assure the world community that the United States will not be the first to use nuclear weapons.
		This means the United States must negotiate the complete elimination of its nuclear arsenal.
		The United States must participate in a cooperative world effort to track down terrorists who are seeking to acquire nuclear weapons capability.
	www.kucinich.us /issues/nuclear_weapons.php (493 words)

	"DOES THE UNITED STATES NEED NUCLEAR WEAPONS?"
		Growing stockpiles of nuclear weapons increased the danger of nuclear apocalypse and left a toxic legacy of radio-active pollution.
		But in 1955, I trained as a weapons delivery pilot for the US Navy and, by 1956, I was standing watch on an aircraft carrier in the Mediterranean, ready to go behind the "iron curtain" with a nuclear weapon and destroy a target.
		Nuclear weapons are by agreement of most military planners the most destructive weapons that we have in our arsenal.
	www.cdi.org /adm/Transcripts/721 (3693 words)

	The Current Nuclear Dialogue
		The new realities are reflected in a series of concrete actions: sharply lower budgets for nuclear missions; substantial reductions in deployed nuclear forces; reductions in the alert status of strategic bombers and theater nuclear weapons; and reorganization and reorientation (and renaming) of several Cold War agencies such as the former Strategic Air Command.
		In this view there are few strategic benefits to the United States in retaining nuclear weapons and many risks in a world in which nuclear weapons are proliferating to states that have little experience in the management of such a dangerous military tool.
		But, the United States has little to offer to induce the Russians to reduce their significant stockpile, and in recent years a number of Russian leaders have announced that the Russians were placing more importance on NSNF in their strategy.
	www.ndu.edu /inss/strforum/SF156/forum156.html (2606 words)

	Arms Control Association: Fact Sheets: U.S. Nuclear Policy: "Negative Security Assurances"
		The United States maintains nuclear weapons to "deter, dissuade, and defeat" a range of "immediate" and potential conventional, nuclear, chemical and biological weapons threats.
		However, since 1978, the United States has pledged not to use nuclear weapons against non-nuclear-weapon states that are members of the nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT), except if attacked by such a state that is allied with a state possessing nuclear weapons.
		Under the nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty, the five recognized nuclear-weapon states are the United States, Russia, Britain, France, and China.
	www.armscontrol.org /factsheets/negsec.asp (732 words)

	FOXNews.com - U.S. Urges North Korea to Give Up Nukes - U.S. & World
		State Department spokesman Richard Boucher said late Wednesday the United States had been ready to offer North Korea economic and other benefits if Pyongyang agreed to curb missile programs, end threats and change its behavior in other ways.
		Talks with the United States were restarted less than two weeks ago after a hiatus of two years, and it was during those meetings that North Korea dropped its diplomatic bombshell.
		The program, which the United States believes could only be used to develop a nuclear bomb, began several years ago, according to the official.
	www.foxnews.com /story/0,2933,65892,00.html (1481 words)

	Nuclear weapons - Answerbag.com
		Although the United States has produced something like 70,000 nuclear weapons of 71 major types since their invention, there are now roughly 9600 nuclear weapons of 10 major types (as determined by...
		An hydrogen bomb or H bomb is when light atomic nuclei of hydrogen are joined together in an uncontrolled nuclear fusion reaction to...
		Usually these types of weapons have a detonation switch of some sort for the nuclear...
	www.answerbag.com /c_view.php/3240 (719 words)

	NUCLEAR NEWS: ENERGY, WEAPONS, & WARFARE \| HavenWorks.com/nuclear news: Nuclear Energy, Nuclear Weapons, and ...
		"In 1957, the United States placed nuclear-tipped Matador missiles in South Korea, to be followed in later years, under both Republican and Democratic administrations, by nuclear artillery, most of which was placed within miles of the demilitarized zone."...
		"Officials of the United Nations' International Atomic Energy Agency said in a letter that the report contained some "erroneous, misleading and unsubstantiated statements." The letter, signed by a senior director at the agency, was addressed to Rep. Peter Hoekstra (R-Mich.), chairman of the House intelligence committee, which issued the report.
		Wilson wrote that "some of the intelligence related to Iraq's nuclear weapons program was twisted to exaggerate the Iraqi threat.""...
	havenworks.com /nuclear (4861 words)

	Most Americans Say No Nations Should Have Nuclear Weapons
		That sentiment is at odds with current efforts by some nations that are trying to develop the weapons and by terrorists seeking to add them to their arsenal.
		The Bush administration repeatedly warns about nuclear weapons and is using diplomacy - and force - to try to limit the threat.
		The threat from nuclear terrorism is greatest, analysts say, because terrorists with nuclear weapons would feel little or no hesitance about using them.
	www.commondreams.org /headlines05/0331-05.htm (865 words)

	Does the United States Need Nuclear Weapons? Video Transcript
		This review is charged with examining how many nuclear weapons we need, if any, and what their role will be.
		NARRATOR: The primary role of nuclear weapons during the cold war was to deter the Soviets from attacking the United States or its allies with the threat of massive nuclear retaliation.
		Admiral Carroll is quick to point out that although we may need some nuclear weapons today, we'd all be safer if everyone destroyed their nuclear weapons.
	www.cdi.org /adm/721/transcript.html (3701 words)

	Appendix A: History of the Administration of United States Nuclear Weapons Programs
		The nuclear weapons program of the United States began with an August 1939 letter from Albert Einstein to President Franklin D. Roosevelt informing him of the recent research on nuclear chain reactions in uranium.
		AEC was responsible for all aspects of the development and regulation of nuclear technology, but chiefly the management of the nuclear weapons complex.
		Regulatory authority was transferred to the newly-formed Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) while the AEC's research and development activities, including the nuclear weapons complex, were given to the newly-created Energy Research and Development Administration (ERDA).
	legacystory.apps.em.doe.gov /text/link/link7.htm (773 words)

	Amazon.com: Nuclear Weapons of the United States: An Illustrated History: Books: James N. Gibson (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		With few exceptions, each weapon and system is illustrated by either color or fl and white photographs.
		There is detailed information about every weapon system or carrier adapted to use nuclear weapons the US has fielded.
		This book is a must for anyone interested in nuclear weapons and their deployment.
	www.amazon.com /Nuclear-Weapons-United-States-Illustrated/dp/0764300636 (925 words)

	Yorkshire CND - United States Restarts Nuclear Weapons Pit Production - 28/4//03
		The six-year effort at Los Alamos' plutonium processing facility restores the nation's ability to make nuclear weapons, a capability the United States lost when the Rocky Flats Plant near Boulder, Colo., shut down in June 1989.
		A pit is the fissile core of a nuclear weapon's physics package.
		In August 2002, the Laboratory made the first pit that exercised all 42 processes required to make a certifiable pit, one that could be certified for placement in the active nuclear weapons stockpile.
	www.cndyorks.gn.apc.org /news/articles/usrestartsnukeprod.htm (826 words)

	Post-Nuclear Weapons Research in the United States (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Of course post-nuclear superweapons are being developed in the United States, and we are far ahead of the rulers of China or anyone else.
		The book was a bombshell because it was interpreted by many as having exposed the development of post-nuclear weapons, which the United States began "several years ago," contrary to the treaty of 1972 forbidding such weapons.
		But one inconvenience of history is that the United States cannot choose all of its enemies — some of them may choose the United States as their enemy, contrary to the U.S.'s wishes.
	www.newsmax.com /archives/articles/2002/10/21/185832.shtml (1064 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Secretary of Defense James Schlesinger expressed a view during a meeting with Ambassador Leonard Unger that U.S. nuclear weapons housed in Taiwan needed to be withdrawn.
		The recent report "U.S. Nuclear Weapons in Europe" released by the Natural Resources Defense Council shows that the U.S. has deployed 480 nukes in six different European NATO countries.
		This is only a fraction of the Cold War levels (7300 in 1973) but still twice as much as previous estimates of 150 - 200 nuclear weapons.
	www.lycoszone.com /info/nuclear--us-nuclear-weapons.html (234 words)

	USATODAY.com - N. Korea makes pledge over nuclear weapons (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		It declared in February that it had nuclear weapons and has insisted that the nuclear standoff can only be discussed with the United States.
		China, which is North Korea's last main ally, has hosted three rounds of the talks, which also involve the United States, Japan and Russia.
		The Cabinet-level talks that began Wednesday are the highest regular meeting between the North and South since a landmark 2000 summit between their leaders.
	www.usatoday.com /news/world/2005-06-22-korea-talks_x.htm?csp=34 (712 words)

	FP NWC, a Project at the Brookings Institution
		THE U.S. Atomic Audit: The Costs and Consequences of U.S. Nuclear Weapons Since 1940
		The Economic Implications of Nuclear Weapons—William J. Weida
		A New Agenda for Nuclear Weapons: On Nuclear Weapons, Destroy and Codify
	www.brook.edu /FP/PROJECTS/NUCWCOST/WEAPONS.HTM (342 words)

	Bayside prophecy: "RUSSIA PLANS TO INVADE THE UNITED STATES WITH MISSILES!"
		Osama bin Laden claims today that he has nuclear weapons and is ready to use them.
		In a Congressional hearing in 2000, KGB defector Colonel Stanislav Lunev testified to the presence of small briefcase-sized nuclear devices that have been smuggled into the United States, awaiting a future date when they will be used by KGB agents.
		He said he believes Russian military weapons are currently hidden in strategic points all across the United States and Europe for just such a purpose.
	www.tldm.org /news2/missiles.htm (1266 words)

	How many nuclear weapons does the United States currently have? - Answerbag.com
		Ask a question about Nuclear weapons from millions of helpful visitors, or answer a question and help someone else!
		Although the United States has produced something like 70,000 nuclear weapons of 71 major types since their invention, there are now roughly 9600 nuclear weapons of 10 major types (as determined by the official designation system) in the U.S. arsenal.
		The official name of this arsenal is the "Enduring Stockpile" and it is divided into three categories of warhead readiness.
	www.answerbag.com /q_view.php/22523 (358 words)

	- United States Restarts Nuclear Weapons Pit Production
		- United States Restarts Nuclear Weapons Pit Production
		Los Alamos National Laboratory has successfully made the first nuclear weapons pit in 14 years that meets specifications for use in the U.S. stockpile
		To make Qual-1, Los Alamos brought back the expertise, along with drawings, specifications and equipment.
	www.spacedaily.com /news/icbm-03a.html (885 words)

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