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Nuclear winter Nuclear winter is a hypothetical global climate condition that was predicted to be a possible outcome of a large-scale nuclear war. It was thought that severely cold weather would be caused by detonating large numbers of nuclear weapons, especially over flammable targets such as cities, large amounts of smoke and soot[?] would be injected into the Earth's stratosphere. One effort to predict the metereological effects of a large-scale nuclear war was the 1983 "TTAPS" study (from the initials of the last names of its authors, R.P. Turco, O.B. Toon, T.P. Ackerman, J.B. Pollack, and Carl Sagan). www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/nu/Nuclear_winter.html   (455 words)

Nuclear winter: science and politics, by Brian Martin Nuclear winter is an extremely complex area scientifically, laced with major uncertainties[77], and this allows a freer range of assumptions and interpretations than many other areas. Nuclear winter is also an area which has considerable potential policy implications, and this means that the impact of 'politics' on the development of nuclear winter 'science' is likely to be much more apparent that in other, more esoteric, research fields. Nuclear winter is a prime case of a challenge to traditional political elites -- whose power is rooted in established bureaucratic machinery -- by a group of outsiders whose demands are based on claims to special knowledge and expertise. www.uow.edu.au /arts/sts/bmartin/pubs/88spp.html   (11757 words)

Yorkshire CND - Nuclear Winter: The Forgotten Danger - 12/00 Nuclear winter means that launching a 'successful' first strike with nuclear weapons is suicide. Nuclear winter creates the conditions of an ice age in the continental interiors in a matter of a few days. The end of the Cold War, the fall of the Soviet Union, and a highly publicized attempt to discredit the 'theory' of nuclear winter by groups with a vested interest in preserving nuclear weapons: these events led to a decade of silence on the subject of nuclear winter. cndyorks.gn.apc.org /news/articles/nwinter.htm   (2331 words)

Carl Sagan / The Nuclear Winter In "The Nuclear Winter" (1983), Sagan explored the unforeseen and devastating physical and chemical effects of even a small-scale nuclear war on the earth's biosphere and life on earth. The amount of dust and soot generated depends on the conduct of the war, the yields of the weapons employed and the ratio of groundbursts to airbursts. Scientists initially underestimated the effects of fallout, were amazed that nuclear explosions in space disabled distant satellites, had no idea that the fireballs from high-yield thermonuclear explosions could deplete the ozone layer and missed altogether the possible climatic effects of nuclear dust and smoke. www.cooperativeindividualism.org /sagan_nuclear_winter.html   (2748 words)

Nuclear winter - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia In 1982 a special issue of the journal Ambio was devoted to the possible environmental consequences of nuclear war; it included an article by Paul Crutzen and J. Birks on atmospheric effects. They re-assessed and re-affirmed the consequences for the ozone layer noted in the 1975 National Academies of Science report (up to 70% of the ozone layer might be destroyed); and drew attention for the first time to the likelihood that large amounts of smoke and dust would be created. SCOPE figures for winter smoke injection: Temperature drops of 3° to 4° C. Following 1 to 3 years: 25 to 40 % of injected smoke is stabilised in atmosphere (NCAR). en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nuclear_winter   (1031 words)

SGR - Does anybody remember the Nuclear Winter? During the 1980s, one of the major concerns of the effects of a potential nuclear war was the possibility of it causing a 'nuclear winter' - a catastrophic change in climate caused by the ejection of massive amounts of dust and smoke into the atmosphere during the course of such a war. In the case of an (e.g.) accidental nuclear exchange between the USA and Russia, the main effects would be felt in the northern hemisphere, as the dust and smoke would quickly circulate across this area. Altogether, nuclear winter would be an ecological disaster of a similar magnitude to the major extinctions of the past, such as that at the end of the Cretaceous period 65 million years ago when 75% of all species died out, including the dinosaurs. www.sgr.org.uk /climate/NuclearWinter_NL27.htm   (1143 words)

WorldNetDaily: Is nuclear war survivable? Nuclear war would not bring about the end of the world, though it would be horribly destructive. McElroy said that nuclear winter researchers "stacked the deck" in their study, which was titled "Nuclear Winter: Global Consequences of Multiple Nuclear Explosions" (Science, December 1983). Nuclear winter is the theory that the mass use of nuclear weapons would create enough smoke and dust to blot out the sun, causing a catastrophic drop in global temperatures. www.worldnetdaily.com /news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=19722   (1314 words)

nuclear winter The severities of some predictions of temperature drops and losses of sunlight have been revised downward, but the overall consequences of a large, 5000 megaton exchange of nuclear weapons is still believed to be devastating to the human population of this planet, including huge numbers of people outside the borders of the warring nations. The potential indirect effects of a large-scale nuclear war could greatly exceed the direct effects, and the substantial majority of the human population would be at risk of global famine resulting from severe reductions in agricultural productivity throughout at least the Northern Hemisphere. When I first started studying this issue, I was concerned that the dire predictions for global environmental impact were based upon quite a high level of nuclear exchange, 5000 Megatons of nuclear explosives, a significant portion of the current world inventory of nuclear weaponry, delivered in as many as 10,000 separate blasts. www.mothersalert.org /nuclearwinter2.html   (1482 words)

nuclearwinter The 1983 TTAPS nuclear winter study (from ³Case 14²) examined the effects of one thousand 100 kiloton warheads exploded over 100 large cities, creating a ³Class III² nuclear winter. This is a description of a Class III "Nominal" nuclear winter (taken from pages 194-195 of ³A Path No Man Thought²): "It carries in its wake significant cooling and darkening, drought, massive quantities of pyrotoxins generated, widespread radioactive fallout, and other atmospheric perturbations. This is a quote from the 1985 SCOPE document, ³Environmental Consequences of Nuclear War². www.mothersalert.org /nuclearwinter.html   (1797 words)

nuclear winter - HighBeam Encyclopedia   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06) nuclear winter theory holding that the smoke and dust produced by a large nuclear war would result in a prolonged period of cold on the earth. Later models, which took into account additional variables, confirmed the basic conclusions of the TTAPS report and suggested that the detonation of 100 megatons (the explosive power of 100 million tons of TNT) over 100 cities could produce temperature drops ranging from 5 to 15 degrees. Even a mild 'nuclear winter' could have devastating ramifications for feeding those who survive a nuclear war. www.encyclopedia.com /html/n1/nuclwint.asp   (236 words)

Preventing an Accidental Nuclear Winter, by Dean Babst, June 28, 2001 Nuclear explosions can also lift an enormous quantity of fine soil particles into the atmosphere, creating more than l00,000 tons of fine, dense, radioactive dust for every megaton exploded on the surface. A nuclear warhead is far more destructive than is generally realized. The author acknowledges the helpful suggestions of David Krieger, President of the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation, Bob Aldridge, who heads the Pacific Life Research Center, and Andy Baltzo, who is Founder of the Mount Diable Peace Center in northern California. www.wagingpeace.org /articles/2001/06/28_babst_nuclear-winter.htm   (1127 words)

Wikinfo | Nuclear winter It was thought that severely cold weather would be caused by detonating large numbers of nuclear weapons, especially over flammable targets such as cities, where large amounts of smoke and soot would be injected into the Earth's stratosphere. This layer of particles would significantly reduce the amount of sunlight that reached the surface, and could potentially remain in the stratosphere for weeks or even years. Images, some of which are used under the doctrine of Fair use or used with permission, may not be available. www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Nuclear_winter   (540 words)

NUCLEAR WINTER AND OTHER MYTHS OF SELF-DETERRENCE Turco, Toon, Ackermann and Pollack announced their nuclear winter theory to the world in the fall of 1983, they received such an incredible amount of publicity for such an extended period of time that they managed to convince many people that in the event of a nuclear war, nuclear winter would be a reality. Stu- dies of the discharge rates of manmade and natural smoke and observa- tions of the average amounts of smoke found in the atmosphere, done prior to and since the promulgation of the nuclear winter theory, have shown that smoke particles have an average residence time of one week or less. One of the main reasons for the proliferation of the belief that a nuclear war cannot be survived is that people who are well known to the public and rightfully respected for their in one area of endeavor, sometimes get involved in other areas about which they know very little. www.fortfreedom.org /s05.htm   (1949 words)

Nuclear autumn - new research on the nuclear winter theory Discover - Find Articles In 1982 atmospheric scientists Paul Crutzen and John Birks warnedthat the pall of smoke from a nuclear war might drastically cool the climate of the earth and lead to the extinction of mankind. But in February, at a meeting sponsored by the Defense Nuclear Agency, which conducts research on the effects of nuclear weapons, atmospheric scientists suggested that nuclear winter might not be quite so chilling after all. Schneider calls it ''nuclear fall, not nuclear winter.'' Although Thompson says the consequences of nuclear fall would be ghastly, especially in the Northern Hemisphere, the new research ''doesn't point to human ex- tinction; it wouldn't be the end of the world.'' www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1511/is_v7/ai_4227441   (284 words)

This Week In Science - nuclear winter Nuclear Winter: Changing our Way of Thinking - Internationally known scientist Dr. Carl Sagan presents the results of research into Nuclear Winter, illustrating his talk with extensive visuals. Publications of Alan Robock on Nuclear Winter - Work addressed the problem of nuclear winter, the climatic effects of nuclear war, and demonstrating long-term (several year) effects with a computer model. Editorial - "The ultimate absurdity of nuclear weapons arose when it was discovered that either the United States or the former Soviet Union would destroy itself in a large-scale attack on the other, even if the other side did not retaliate. www.twis.org /science/science_in_society/futurism/nuclear_winter.htm   (152 words)

Halfbakery: Nuclear winter vs greenhouse effect Nuclear winter: the theoretical situation in which massive nuclear strikes hurl much dust up into the stratosphere where it reflects light back into space. I propose that nuclear devices be shaped so as to hurl a maximum amount of dust and debris skyward. Plus a localised nuclear winter (doesn't that amount of cloud usually cover a whole hemisphere?) would probably destroy the wildlife over whichever pole to detonate the device... www.halfbakery.com /idea/Nuclear_20winter_20vs_20greenhouse_20effect   (363 words)

nuclear winter Voted "other", because I think the million-year ice age model does not take into account the fact that the cloud that causes the nuclear winter will be largely composed of CO from the global firestorms. Without a more detailed description of what the nuclear war is, it's impossible to estimate what the nature and extent of the nuclear winter would be. The original nuclear winter was based on something like 150 hydrogen bombs (suitably distributed) all going off at once. www.physicsforums.com /showthread.php?t=9747   (334 words)

Publications of Alan Robock on Nuclear Winter Vogelmann, A. Robock and R. Ellingson, 1988: Effects of dirty snow in nuclear winter simulations. Nuclear Winter, Joint Hearing before the Committee on Science and Technology and the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, U.S. House of Representatives, March 14, 1985, (U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington), 274-277. Robock, Alan, Andrew M. Vogelmann and Robert G. Ellingson, 1986: Dirty snow effects are of small climatic consequence in nuclear winter scenarios. climate.envsci.rutgers.edu /robock/robock_nwpapers.html   (584 words)

Nuclear Winter Band Nuclear Winter was first formed by members Aaron Allen (lead vocals, electronics) and Jason Allen (drums, electronics, vocals) in late 1994. In late 2000 it was agreed by all members that Nuclear Winter was a bad-ass name and it had the right feel for the music. Nuclear Winter's influences range from pioneers Kraftwerk, Front 242, and Nitzer Ebb to late groundbreaking bands such as Orgy, Rammstein and Recoil. www.webmillercustomdesign.com /NW/bio.html   (184 words)

Nuclear Winter | Effects of Nuclear Weapons | atomicarchive.com In 1983, R.P. Turco, O.B. Toon, T.P. Ackerman, J.B. Pollack, and Carl Sagan (referred to as TTAPS) published a paper entitled "Global Atmospheric Consequences of Nuclear War" which is the foundation on which the nuclear winter theory is based on. Great plumes of smoke, soot, and dust would be sent aloft from these fires, lifted by their own heating to high altitudes where they could drift for weeks before dropping back or being washed out of the atmosphere onto the ground. It is not certain that a nuclear war would produce a nuclear winter effect. www.atomicarchive.com /Effects/effects23.shtml   (295 words)

Nuclear summer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia A Nuclear summer is a hypothetical scenario resulting from nuclear warfare that would follow a nuclear winter. The nuclear detonations would also produce oxides of nitrogen that would then deplete the ozone layer around the Earth. The high temperatures of the nuclear fireballs could destroy the ozone gas of the middle stratosphere [1]. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nuclear_summer   (183 words)

Alsos: A Path Where No Man Thought: Nuclear Winter and the End of the Arms Race This book explores and explains the possibility of a nuclear winter following a global nuclear war in which most existing nuclear weapons are used. It establishes the concept of nuclear winter through comparisons to historic volcanic eruptions that caused global temperature drops and widespread climate change. Additionally, the book analyzes the possible form of nuclear winter through offensive and defensive military strategy, in targeting opponents and sheltering from retaliatory attacks. alsos.wlu.edu /information.aspx?id=2409   (160 words)

Springtime for nuclear winter Omni - Find Articles   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06) Hey, bad news: Just when the threat of nuclear war with the former Soviet Union is diminishing--or seems to be--a bunch of scientists announced that World War III probably wouldn't destroy the planet after all. Pro-Winter Physicist: In conclusion, a nuclear war would mean the destruction of everything we hold dear and cherish on the face of the earth. He was one of the chief proselytizers of this nuclear winter business, and partly because of the way he says "billions and billions," many intellectuals believed everything he said. www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1430/is_n7_v14/ai_12064447   (848 words)

Global Warming / Nuclear Winter   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06) You do not need dust from nuclear explosions, you could just use rockets or supersonic transports or whatever to get the sulfate particles up to the correct height in the atmosphere. The real problem with this is not nuclear winter and radiation, it is that the human race would be playing G What happens if you miscalculate and put too much reflecting material into the atmosphere and send the Earth not only into nuclear winter but into an ice age? Since the "nuclear winter" effect is due to the huge clouds of debris thrown up into the atmosphere, we could think of all the dust that has already (and is still being) thrown up by less drastic human and natural activities as providing some of this sheltering effect. www.newton.dep.anl.gov /newton/askasci/1993/environ/ENV033.HTM   (402 words)

Open Directory - Society: Issues: Warfare and Conflict: Weapons: Nuclear   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06) The Nuclear Files - Includes a collection of studies and data on the possible weapons systems, and basic data on the stockpiles of the major nuclear powers. Nuclear Threat Initiative (NTI) - NTI, founded by Ted Turner and Sam Nunn, features daily news and in-depth resources/analysis on the threats from nuclear, biological and chemical weapons. Nuclear War Survival Skills - Updated and expanded 1987 edition by Cresson H. Kearny   with foreword by Dr.Edward Teller   Original edition published September, 1979, by Oak Ridge National Laboratory. dmoz.org /Society/Issues/Warfare_and_Conflict/Weapons/Nuclear   (861 words)

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