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Topic: Nucleoside triphosphate

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Nucleoside

Phosphagen

Adenosine diphosphate

Adenosine triphosphate

Adenosine monophosphate

Iron hydroxide

Arginine

Hydronium

RNA

Potassium hydroxide

Uracil

Fructose

	Pharmacokinetic Properties of Nucleoside/Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
		Nucleoside and nucleotide analogues are prodrugs that must be metabolized intracellularly to phosphorylated compounds to exert their activity.
		The intracellular concentration of nucleoside analogue triphosphates is regulated by positive or negative feedback mechanisms on >=1 enzymes in the phosphorylation pathway.
		This prolonged carbovir triphosphate half-life is much longer than that previously observed in in vitro studies (3.3 hours) and may be due to a newer assay that directly measures carbovir triphosphate or due to a saturation step and pooling of precursors (carbovir monophosphate or carbovir diphosphate).
	www.natap.org /2004/HIV/082304_02.htm (5587 words)

	NCBI BLAST Search Results
		>spP93554NDK1_SACOF NUCLEOSIDE DIPHOSPHATE KINASE I (NDK I) (NDP KINASE I) (PP18) gbAAB40609.1
		>spQ39839NDK1_SOYBN NUCLEOSIDE DIPHOSPHATE KINASE I (NDK I) (NDP KINASE I) pirT07042 nucleoside-diphosphate kinase (EC 2.7.4.6) - soybean gbAAA93030.1
		>spP39207NDK1_ARATH NUCLEOSIDE DIPHOSPHATE KINASE I (NDK I) (NDP KINASE I) (NDPK I) pirT17131 nucleoside-diphosphate kinase (EC 2.7.4.6) - Arabidopsis thaliana gbAAC17844.1
	www.genomics.purdue.edu /~jxu/Fgr/N/blast/Fgr_1_E13_T3.blastx.html (1598 words)

	Title of Invention: Method of DNA sequencing
		Modified nucleoside triphosphates suitable for use in the invention are analogs of the normally occurring nucleoside triphosphates, i.e., dATP, dCTP, dGTP and dTTP, capable of being incorporated into double stranded DNA as nucleoside monophosphate analogs, i.e., nucleotide analogs, during chain extension.
		Modified nucleoside triphosphates selected for use in the invention are capable of substantially protecting newly synthesized DNA of the labeled reaction produces from cleavage by at least one reagent, e.g., a restriction endonuclease or chemical reagent, under conditions to cleave or substantially cleave unmodified DNA.
		Similarly, the suitability of specific modified nucleoside triphosphates with a desired DNA synthesis inducing agent, e.g., a DNA polymerase, may be determined by standard primer extension assays that determine the kinetics of the incorporation of the modified nucleotide in comparison to naturally occurring nucleotides.
	www.nal.usda.gov /bic/Biotech_Patents/1994patents/05354656.html (10087 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Further provided are new terminal phosphate labeled nucleoside polyphosphates with linkers that connect the label to the terminal phosphate of the nucleotides to enhance their substrate properties, i.
		Inventors have discovered that with terminal- phosphate-labeled nucleoside polyphosphate, this is not true and addition of a different metal ion, in this case manganese actually increasing the rate of their utilization by enzymes that catalyze nucleoside monophosphate transfer.
		polyphosphates, carbocyclic nucleoside polyphosphates and acyclic nucleoside polyphosphates and analogs thereof.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=04/72238.040826&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (5813 words)

	Attotron Molecular Biology Hypertext Dictionary
		ddNTP.GIF a nucleoside triphosphate analog that causes termination of an elongating DNA molecule when incorporated by DNA polymerase because of the absence of a 3´-hydroxyl residue on the sugar portion of the compound, which is necessary for the formation of the 3' to 5' phosphate linkage in an elongating DNA chain.
		The sugar molecules are modified by the presence of a purine or pyrimidine nucleoside or "base" attached to the first, or 1', carbon and the oxygen-phosphorus-oxygen bond links the third, or 3', carbon to the fifth, or 5', carbon of the adjacent sugar molecule.
		thymidine triphosphate, a deoxyribose molecule with the pyrimidine thymine attached to the 1´ carbon and a chain of three oxygenated phosphorus atoms attached to the 5' carbon.
	www.attotron.com /pub/dnaquiz/diction.htm (9688 words)

	Assays utilizing labeled nucleic acid probes - Patent 4670380
		On the other hand, the nucleoside triphosphate may carry a Hg or SH radical, as on the purine or pyrimidine ring, which radical can subsequently be read chemically or preferably is further reacted to provide a readable label.
		The fluorescent nucleotide may be derived from nucleoside triphosphates, e.g.,etheno ATP, etheno CTP, or the like, and a reactive Hg or SH site may be utilized to effect joinder of the fluorescent moiety to the residue of the nucleoside triphosphate, such residue then being mercurated UTP, mercurated CTP or thio-ITP.
		The fluorescent nucleotide may be derived from nucleoside triphosphates, e.g., etheno ATP, etheno CTP, or the like, and a reactive Hg or SH site may be utilized to effect joinder of the fluorescent moiety to the residue of the nucleoside triphosphate, such residue then being mercurated UTP, mercurated CTP or thio-ITP.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4670380.html (2289 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		NUCLEOSIDE BASE This application claims priority from Provisional Application No. 60/092,963, filed July 15,1998, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
		EXAMPLE 3 Synthesis of Photocleavable Nucleoside Triphosphate A modified nucleotide of the invention can be expected to have application in high throughput screening and sequencing of larger DNA populations using DNA chip technologies such as APEX (Arrayed Primer EXtension).
		The triphosphate P was synthesized by the route shown in Scheme 2.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=00/04036.000706&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (4107 words)

	Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction studies on the mutT nucleoside triphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase of ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction studies on the mutT nucleoside triphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase of Escherichia coli.
		Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction studies on the mutT nucleoside triphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase of Escherichia coli.There is evidence that the crystals diffract to at least 2.1 A. The Vm value of 2.31 A3/Da is consistent with two molecules of enzyme per asymmetric unit.
		The mutT nucleoside triphosphatase, which prevents AT----CG transversions during DNA replication, has been crystallized from ammonium sulfate utilizing a novel technique involving vapor diffusion in capillaries.
	www.ihop-net.org /UniPub/iHOP/gp/31720.html (135 words)

	Report
		Enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis or repair of a DNA molecule from nucleoside triphosphate precursors using a DNA template in procaryotes.
		Nucleoside triphosphate used in the synthesis of RNA and DNA.
		Nucleoside that is produced by hydrolysis of the terminal phosphate of ATP.
	www.cs.utexas.edu /users/mfkb/RKF/report.html (6522 words)

	Human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase. General properties and its interactions with nucleoside ...
		The preferential inhibition of HIV reverse transcriptase as compared to human gamma-reverse transcriptase was observed with several nucleoside analog triphosphates.
		The Ki values for thymidine triphosphate analogs with HIV reverse transcriptase ranged from 5 to 13 nM with decreasing effectiveness for 3'-fluoro greater than 3'-amino greater than 2',3'-dideoxy greater than 3'-azido groups.
		This study provides information on the structure activity relationships of the triphosphate analogs inhibitory effects on HIV reverse transcriptase versus human gamma-polymerase-associated reverse transcriptase, and the possible mechanisms of action of 3' azido thymidine and the 2',3'-dideoxynucleosides, and also identifies other nucleoside analogs for possible development as inhibitors of HIV.
	www.aegis.com /aidsline/1987/jun/M8760190.html (408 words)

	TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM 302: Nucleotides and nucleoside phosphates (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		A nucleoside is composed of a base (adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine or uracil) plus a sugar (ribose or deoxyribose).
		If a phosphate group is added to the nucleoside it becomes a nucleotide.
		Therefore, any nucleoside monophosphate, nucleoside diphosphate, nucleoside triphosphate or nucleoside tetraphosphate, etc. is actually a nucleotide.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /mesh/indexingmanual/TM_302.htm (104 words)

	Structural basis for activation of {alpha}-boranophosphate nucleotide analogues targeting drug-resistant reverse ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		d4T triphosphate from the NDPK complex in Figure 2B is shown in atom-type coloured bonds superimposed onto (A) dideoxyGTP in the ternary complex with bacteriophage T7 DNA polymerase–DNA (PDB file 1T7P) and (B) deoxyTTP in the ternary complex with HIV reverse transcriptase–DNA (PDB file 1RTD).
		Cherfils,J., Moréra,S., Lascu,I., Véron,M. and Janin,J. (1994) X-ray structure of nucleoside diphosphate kinase complexed with thymidine diphosphate and Mg at 2 Å resolution.
		Schneider,B., Biondi,R., Sarfati,R., Agou,F., Guerreiro,C., Deville-Bonne,D. and Veron,M. (2000) The mechanism of phosphorylation of anti-HIV d4T by nucleoside diphosphate kinase.
	embojournal.npgjournals.com /cgi/content/full/19/14/3520 (5159 words)

	NRTIs and Intracellular Activity and Toxicities for Women, Advanced HIV & Hepatitis
		It is not known whether the same cytoplasmic (whole cell) ratio is as relevant to NRTI toxicities in the mitochondrial compartment as it is to antiviral effects in the cytoplasmic/nuclear compartment.
		The higher incidences of pancreatitis and peripheral neuropathy observed in patients receiving hydroxyureaa ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor were hypothesized to be caused by decreased endogenous deoxynucleotide pools in cytoplasm and, thus, a ratio favoring the NRTI triphosphates, particularly didanosine (2,3-dideoxyadenosine triphosphate).
		Nucleoside analogues and neuropathy in the era of HAART.
	www.natap.org /2004/HIV/051704_02.htm (6287 words)

	Nucleoside triphosphate changes during the peripheral life-span of erythrocytes of adult rainbow trout (Salmo ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Nucleoside triphosphate changes during the peripheral life-span of erythrocytes of adult rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri).
		Determinations of nucleoside triphosphates (NTP) were made on rainbow trout erythrocytes segregated into age classes following velocity sedimentation at unit gravity.
		Potassium cyanide was significantly more effective than iodoacetate in lowering NTP levels in the cells of the young age class whereas in the oldest cells the reverse was true.
	www.arclab.org /medlineupdates/abstract_6470650.html (135 words)

	Michael Johnson
		Differential antibody responses to the Nucleoside Triphosphate Hydrolase of Toxoplasma gondi
		Johnson, K. Broady, M.C. Angelici, A. Johnson, The relationship between nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase (NTPase) isoform and Toxoplasma strain virulence in rat and human toxoplasmosis, Microbes Infect 5 (2003) 797-806.
		M.S. Johnson, K.W. Broady, A.M. Johnson, Studies on epitope recognition of the Toxoplasma nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase, J Protozool Res 9 (1999) 135-141.
	www.science.uts.edu.au /ibid/people/johnno.html (143 words)

	[No title]
		As a nucleoside triphosphate it is the principle energy yielding molecule in the cell.
		---------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------- CTP Nucleoside triphosphate used in the synthesis of RNA and DNA.
		Cytosine triphosphates are one of the building block monomers for DNA and RNA.
	www.cs.utexas.edu /users/mfkb/RKF/comp-descr.km.html (8652 words)

	Site-Directed Mutagenesis of Human Nucleoside Triphosphate Diphosphohydrolase 3: The Importance of Residues in the ...
		In an effort to identify those amino acids important for the catalytic activity of the eNTPDase family, as well as those residues mediating substrate specificity, 11 point mutations of 7 amino acid residues in ACR1-4 of eNTPDase-3 were constructed by site-directed mutagenesis.
		Mutagenesis of asparagine 191 to alanine (N191A), glutamine 226 to alanine (Q226A), and arginine 67 to glycine (R67G) resulted in an increase in the rates of hydrolysis of nucleoside diphosphates relative to triphosphates.
		We conclude that the residues corresponding to eNTPDase-3 glutamate 182 in ACR3 and serine 224 in ACR4 are essential for the enzymatic activity of eNTPDases in general, and that arginine 67, arginine 146, asparagine 191, and glutamine 226 are important for determining substrate specificity for human ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 3.
	pubs.acs.org /cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/bichaw/2001/40/i13/abs/bi002711f.html (336 words)

	Structural Analysis of the Activation of Ribavirin Analogs by NDP Kinase: Comparison with Other Ribavirin Targets -- ...
		and triphosphates) are observed in erythrocytes because of the
		Pre-steady-state kinetics of NDP kinase phosphorylation by ribavirin triphosphate and analogs.
		Wray SK, Gilbert BE and Knight V (1985) Effect of ribavirin triphosphate on primer generation and elongation during influenza virus transcription in vitro.
	molpharm.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/63/3/538 (5677 words)

	Structural basis for activation of [alpha]-boranophosphate nucleotide analogues targeting drug-resistant reverse ...
		AIDS chemotherapy is limited by inadequate intracellular concentrations of the active triphosphate form of nucleoside analogues, leading to incomplete inhibition of viral replication and the appearance of drug-resistant virus.
		Drug resistance to nucleoside analogues by HIV sometimes correlates poorly with the loss of affinity of the corresponding nucleotide for reverse transcriptase in vitro (Lacey et al., 1992; Larder, 1992; Gu et al., 1994; Arion et al., 1996).
		To design such second-generation drugs, nucleoside activation and reverse transcription inhibition should be taken as a whole, as the low concentration of the active form of the drugs in HIV-infected cells contributes to the emergence of drug resistance.
	www.nature.com /emboj/journal/v19/n14/full/7593171a.html (6471 words)

	L2L Microarray Analysis Tool
		The chemical reactions and physical changes involving a nucleoside triphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on its glycose moiety.
		The formation from simpler components of nucleotides, any nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the glycose moiety; may be mono-, di- or triphosphate; this definition includes cyclic-nucleotides (nucleoside cyclic phosphates).
		The chemical reactions and physical changes involving a nucleotide, a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the glycose moiety; may be mono-, di- or triphosphate; this definition includes cyclic-nucleotides (nucleoside cyclic phosphates).
	depts.washington.edu /l2l/supplemental/sampledata/alzheimers/alzheimers_dn_gobiol_results/alzheimers_dn_output.html (1864 words)

	Differential catalytic properties and vascular topography of murine nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 ...
		Differential catalytic properties and vascular topography of murine nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (NTPDase1) and NTPDase2 have implications for thromboregulation -- Sévigny et al.
		Ectonucleotidases, purine nucleoside transporter, and function of the bile canalicular plasma membrane of the hepatocyte.
		Assignment of ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1/cd39 expression to microglia and vasculature of the brain.
	www.bloodjournal.org /cgi/content/full/99/8/2801 (5908 words)

	Inhibition of Hepatitis C Virus RNA Replication by 2'-Modified Nucleoside Analogs -- Carroll et al. 278 (14): 11979 -- ...
		Nucleosides 2'-C-Methyladenosine and 2'-O-Methylcytidine Inhibit HCV RNA Replication in Cells-- Nucleosides 2'-C-methyladenosine and 2'-O-methylcytidine were tested for inhibitory activity in a cell-based replicon assay
		Data are expressed as picomoles/million cells of corresponding triphosphate and are averages of at least three separate experiments.
		The triphosphates of 2'-C-methyladenosine and 2'-O-methylcytidine inhibit the catalytic activity of purified HCV RNA polymerase
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/278/14/11979 (4663 words)

	1997, sci.med.aids thread - FLT & Too Much TP (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		They state "The levels of nucleoside analog triphosphate shown here [Table 1] correlate directly with the cytotoxicities of these analogs measured previously in CEM cells and suggest that the relatively high cytotoxicity of FLT may be due to its anabolism with an efficiency apparently indistinguishable from that of thymidine."
		Page 334: The mechanism of anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity of nucleoside analogs requires that host kinases phosphorylate the nucleoside substrate to the corresponding nucleoside mono-, di-, and triphosphates, and it is the triphosphate which is usually responsible for the antiviral activity.
		The levels of nucleoside analog triphosphate shown here [Table 1] correlate directly with the cytotoxicities of these analogs measured previously in CEM cells and suggest that the relatively high cytotoxicity of FLT may be due to its anabolism with an efficiency apparently indistinguishable from that of thymidine.
	www.hsph.harvard.edu /Organizations/healthnet/HIV/docs/scimed02/SciMed01540.html (488 words)

	Mutational Analysis of Vaccinia Virus Nucleoside Triphosphate Phosphohydrolase I, a DNA-Dependent ATPase of the DExH ...
		Identification of the vaccinia virus gene encoding nucleoside triphosphate phosphohydrolase I, a DNA-dependent ATPase.
		Vaccinia virus nucleoside triphosphate phosphohydrolase I is an essential viral early gene transcription termination factor.
		Refined crystal structure of the triphosphate conformation of H-ras p21 at 1.35 Å resolution: implications for the mechanism of GTP hydrolysis.
	jvi.asm.org /cgi/content/full/73/2/1302 (5361 words)

	[36] MECHANISM OF ANTI-HIV ACTIVITY OF DIOXOLANE NUCLEOSIDES AGAINST LAMIVUDINE-RESISTANT HIV-1 REVERSE ...
		Methods: Various D-dioxolane nucleoside triphosphates and 3TC triphosphate were docked into the active site of wild-type as well as 3TC-resistant reverse transcriptase, and the resulting complexes were energy- minimized.
		Results: Our molecular modeling studies indicated that D-dioxolane nucleoside triphosphates–reverse transcriptase complexes, unlike 3TC triphosphate– reverse transcriptase complex, are not sterically hindered by the bulky side chain of Val184, and maintain the favourable binding modes through the interaction of 3’-oxygen with active site residues such as Arg72 or Tyr115.
		It is noteworthy that, depending upon the attached heterocyclic moiety, the binding modes of each dioxolane nucleoside triphosphate is different.
	www.aegis.com /conferences/hivdrw/2003/36.html (341 words)

	NUCLEOSIDE AND NUCLEOTIDE METABOLIZING ENZYMES
		Abstract: Nucleoside analogs have been clearly demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of a variety of hematologic malignancies and several have promise for the treatment of solid tumors and retroviral infections.
		Although many correlative studies have been performed in an attempt to define the relationships between the expression of these enzymes and the sensitivity or resistance of malignant cells to these agents, definitive data on cause and effect relationships among these parameters are lacking.
		The cytoplasmic or soluble 5'- nucleotidase that has been implicated in the phosphorolysis of purine nucleoside analogs, as well as in the inverse phosphorylation of several dideoxynucleosides useful in AIDS treatment, will be purified and the corresponding cDNA cloned.
	www.med.unc.edu /wrkunits/1dean/research/Mitchell265.html (514 words)

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