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	Null cipher
		A null cipher is an ancient form of encryption where the plaintext is mixed with a large amount of non-cypher material.
		Null ciphers can also be used to hide ciphertext, as part of a more complex system.
		In modern cryptology, the term null cipher is also used to choosing not to use encryption at all in a system where various encryption options are offered.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/nu/Null_cypher.html (83 words)

	Null cipher - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A null cipher is an ancient form of encryption where the plaintext is mixed with a large amount of non-cipher material.
		In classical cryptography a null is intended to confuse the cryptanalyst.
		In modern cryptology, the term null cipher is also used to mean choosing not to use encryption at all in a system where various encryption options are offered, an option some software offers for testing/debugging.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Null_cipher (212 words)

	Linux: EVP_CIPHER_mode (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The EVP cipher routines are a high level interface to certain symmetric ciphers.
		It is possible to set all parameters to NULL except type in an initial call and supply the remaining parameters in subsequent calls, all of which have type set to NULL.
		If the cipher is a fixed length cipher then attempting to set the key length to any value other than the fixed value is an error.
	www.linuxforum.com /man/EVP_CIPHER_mode.3.php (1776 words)

	Cipher (Java 2 Platform SE 5.0)
		The returned parameters may be the same that were used to initialize this cipher, or may contain a combination of default and random parameter values used by the underlying cipher implementation if this cipher requires algorithm parameters but was not initialized with any.
		is null, or the given algorithm parameters imply a cryptographic strength that would exceed the legal limits (as determined from the configured jurisdiction policy files).
		If this cipher requires any algorithm parameters that cannot be derived from the public key in the given certificate, the underlying cipher implementation is supposed to generate the required parameters itself (using provider-specific default or ramdom values) if it is being initialized for encryption or key wrapping, and raise an
	java.sun.com /j2se/1.5.0/docs/api/javax/crypto/Cipher.html (5917 words)

	EVP_EncryptInit
		cipher routines are a high level interface to certain symmetric ciphers.
		It should be set to 1 for encryption, 0 for decryption and −1 to leave the value unchanged (the actual value of ’enc’ being supplied in a previous call).
		It should be called after all operations using a cipher are complete so sensitive information does not remain in memory.
	www.math.ucla.edu /computing/docindex/openssl-doc-man-659.html (2057 words)

	Null - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Null (mathematics), a zero value in several branches of mathematics
		Null (physics), a concept in electromagnetism and theoretical physics
		Null character, an ASCII value of 00 commonly used as a terminator, separator or filler
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Null (149 words)

	[No title]
		Confidentiality of the RTP Payload SRTP's pre-defined ciphers are "seekable" stream ciphers, i.e., ciphers able to efficiently seek to arbitrary locations in their keystream (so that the encryption or decryption of one packet does not depend on preceding packets).
		The risks associated with exercising the weak or null authentication options need to be considered by a security audit prior to their use for a particular application or environment given the risks, which are discussed in Section 9.5.1.
		Null authentication MUST NOT be used when a replay attack, in which an adversary stores packets then replays them later in the session, could have a non-negligible impact on the receiver.
	www.isi.edu /in-notes/rfc3711.txt (12702 words)

	[No title]
		The parameters and restrictions are identical to the encryption operations except that the decrypted data buffer out passed to EVP_DecryptUpdate() should have sufficient room for (inl + cipher_block_size) bytes unless the cipher block size is 1 in which case inl bytes is sufficient.
		This "type" is the actual NID of the cipher OBJECT IDENTIFIER as such it ignores the cipher parameters and 40 bit RC2 and 128 bit RC2 have the same NID.
		The precise effect depends on the cipher In the case of RC2, for example, it will set the IV and effective key length.
	www.ibiblio.org /gferg/ldp/man/man3/EVP_EncryptInit.3ssl.html (1713 words)

	OpenSSL: Documents, SSL_CIPHER_get_name(3)
		If the argument is the NULL pointer, a pointer to the constant value ``NONE'' is returned.
		If the cipher is flagged exportable with respect to old US crypto regulations, the word ``export'' is printed.
		cannot handle a built-in cipher, the according description of the cipher property is unknown.
	www.openssl.org /docs/ssl/SSL_CIPHER_get_name.html (316 words)

	Jyri Virkki : Weblog
		This is the set of cipher suites the browser is configured to handle (note also they are sorted in order of preference).
		The NULL suites are SSL/TLS suites which perform all the regular protocol steps with the only difference that the bulk encryption algorithm used to encrypt the request/response data is 'NULL' - that is, it goes in plain text.
		As noted earlier, the handshake protocol attempts to negotiate the strongest cipher suite that is common to the client and the server, so the NULL suites will never be selected unless it is the only choice.
	blogs.sun.com /jyrivirkki/entry/observing_ssl_requests (951 words)

	Cipher (Java 2 Platform SE v1.4.0)
		Constant used to initialize cipher to decryption mode.
		Constant used to initialize cipher to encryption mode.
		- if this cipher is a block cipher, no padding has been requested (only in encryption mode), and the total input length of the data processed by this cipher is not a multiple of block size
	www.cs.wisc.edu /~horwitz/java-docs/api/javax/crypto/Cipher.html (5224 words)

	: Class Cipher
		A call to this method resets this cipher object to the state it was in when previously initialized via a call to
		IllegalBlockSizeException - if this cipher is a block cipher, no padding has been requested (only in encryption mode), and the total input length of the data processed by this cipher is not a multiple of block size
		IllegalBlockSizeException - if this cipher is a block cipher, no padding has been requested, and the length of the encoding of the key to be wrapped is not a multiple of the block size.
	wwwipd.ira.uka.de /ToolMan/jce/javax/crypto/Cipher.html (4922 words)

	[No title]
		* Implements a symmetric block cipher that does not actually perform any * encrypting or decrypting (i.e., it simply copies each input block to its * output).
		* * @param decrypt * If true, this indicates that this cipher is to be initialized for * decrypting, otherwise it is to be initialized for encrypting.
		* This cipher object can no longer be used after this method has been * called.
	david.tribble.com /src/java/tribble/crypto/NullCipher.java (578 words)

	The Security and Trust Services API (SATSA) for J2ME: The Security APIs
		But using symmetric encryption could be more involved due to the number of details to be considered, such as cipher types, transformations (algorithms, modes and padding), and the number of bits to be processed at a time.
		Stream ciphers, which can be faster than block ciphers, typically operate on small units of plaintext, such as bits.
		Depending on the cipher type and mode, an Initialization Vector (IV) is used to ensure proper generation of ciphertext.
	developers.sun.com /techtopics/mobility/apis/articles/satsa2/?feed=DSC (7552 words)

	Cipher Scheme
		Note: It is not yet possible to pass an algorithm parameter spec to a cipher.
		It is expected to initialize a cipher with a certificate.
		Therefore, it is not possible to construct a CipherInputStream directly from a certificate because a cipher cannot be recovered; there is no getCipher() method.
	cjos.sourceforge.net /html/CipherScheme.html (803 words)

	OpenSSL: Documents, EVP_EncryptInit(3)
		should have sufficient room for (inl + cipher_block_size) bytes unless the cipher block size is 1 in which case inl bytes is sufficient.
		The constant EVP_MAX_IV_LENGTH is the maximum IV length for all ciphers.
		allows various cipher specific parameters to be determined and set.
	www.openssl.org /docs/crypto/EVP_EncryptInit.html (2292 words)

	ietf-nntp TLS cipher renegotation to NULL cipher
		In a normal scenario, the client presents a list of ciphers that it is willing to use to the server.
		This is why a server can't force the client to use the NULL cipher, it can only select it if presented by the client.
		In my reading of the OpenSSL docs, it _might_ be possible to have the server present the client with a list of ciphers, but I haven't investigated further.
	www.academ.com /pipermail/ietf-nntp/2003-January/002811.html (630 words)

	Reverse SSL proxy with NULL cipher on backend? \| Apache \| Users
		I'd like to use NULL authentication, ciphers, etc to reduce the proxyapache <-> oapache SSL overhead.
		modifying the configuratio n of oapache to accept null ciphers.
		And as I stated in my initial post, I already tried specifying NULL ciphers with.
	www.gossamer-threads.com /lists/apache/users/319347 (1275 words)

	Security in SQL Server 2005 and beyond : SQL Server 2005 Encryption – Encryption and data length limitations
		If you try to encrypt a larger plaintext, the builtin will fail (return null) as it won’t be able to fit all the output in the available buffer.
		For certificates, the way to calculate the maximum length of plaintext we can encrypt, as well as the ciphertext length, is easier because it is based on key modulus.
		The same formula applies for any certificate you may want to export into the system (the limit is 3456 bits for the private keys modulus).
	blogs.msdn.com /yukondoit/archive/2005/11/24/496521.aspx (1586 words)

	gaim: cipher.h File Reference (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Resets a cipher context to it's default value.
		Creates a new cipher context by the cipher name and initializes it.
		Whether or not the cipher was successfully unloaded
	gaim.sourceforge.net /api/cipher_8h.html (625 words)

	Crytography Extension using hardware cryptography, Part 3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		JCE further allows for encryption and decryption of data for both symmetric and asymmetric keys and adds block ciphers, stream ciphers, secure streams, and sealed objects.
		Not all the DES ciphers are available via the hardware devices.
		Also as with DES, not all of the Triple DES ciphers are available via the hardware devices.
	www-128.ibm.com /developerworks/eserver/articles/java_crypto3.html (3323 words)

	CipherSpi (Java 2 Platform SE 6.0, b37)
		All the abstract methods in this class must be implemented by each cryptographic service provider who wishes to supply the implementation of a particular cipher algorithm.
		This is useful in the context of password-based encryption or decryption, where the IV is derived from a user-provided passphrase.
		- if the given key is inappropriate for initializing this cipher, or if this cipher is being initialized for decryption and requires algorithm parameters that cannot be determined from the given key.
	today.java.net /download/jdk6/doc/api/javax/crypto/CipherSpi.html (2755 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		SSL_CIPHER_description() returns a textual description of the cipher used into the buffer buf of length len provided.
		If the cipher is flagged exportable with respect to old US crypto regulations, the word "export" is printed.
		If SSL_CIPHER_description() cannot handle a built-in cipher, the according description of the cipher property is unknown.
	www.ibiblio.org /gferg/ldp/man/man3/SSL_CIPHER_get_name.3ssl.html (348 words)

	Java Cryptographic API for the AES Quest (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		a cipher whose output is identical to its input.
		This code can be freely used to (a) implement the Basic API for a specific candidate algorithm, and (b) serve as an example and test-bed for those submitters who wish to code their own Java implementation of the Extended API classe(s).
		To fulfil these minimum requirements, the Basic API shall implement the block cipher algorithm primitive operations to (a) generate its internal key from the user supplied key material and (b) to operate the block cipher in encryption/decryption in Electronic Code Book mode.
	csrc.nist.gov /encryption/aes/api/Java-API.htm (1110 words)

	crypt32: CryptProtectData/CryptUnprotectData take 3
		However, since + * it is keyed to the machine and the user, it is unlikely that the values + * would be portable.
		Since programs must first call CryptProtectData to + * get a cipher text, the underlying system just has to track the + * plain/entropy/cipher triplet to be able to return the plain text on a + * later call to CryptUnprotectData.
		This is used + * to find "encrypted" items based on their cipher text.
	www.winehq.org /pipermail/wine-patches/2005-April/016877.html (843 words)

	Synonyms of cipher — Infoplease.com
		nothing, nil, nix, nada, null, aught, cipher, cypher, goose egg, naught, zero, zilch, zip, relative quantity
		cipher, cypher, nobody, nonentity, commoner, common man, common person
		calculate, cipher, cypher, compute, work out, reckon, figure, reason
	www.infoplease.com /thesaurus/cipher (139 words)

	comp.security.ssh: Re: null cipher
		In reply to: those who know me have no need of my name: "Re: null cipher"
		Next in thread: those who know me have no need of my name: "Re: null cipher"
		I just want to specify that the NULL cipher is a valid option.
	www.derkeiler.com /Newsgroups/comp.security.ssh/2002-10/1159.html (488 words)

	Nabble - javax.crypto fixes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Cipher, CipherOutputStream and CipherInputStream now work as expected.
		+ if(pad != null && ((Integer) attributes.get(IMode.STATE)).intValue() == IMode.DECRYPTION &&
		> + if(pad != null && ((Integer) attributes.get(IMode.STATE)).intValue() == IMode.DECRYPTION &&
	www.nabble.com /javax.crypto-fixes-t2362017.html (1663 words)

	gsasl: printer.c Source File
		/ 00041 00042 char 00043 digest_md5_print_challenge (digest_md5_challenge * c) 00044 { 00045 char out = NULL;* 00046 char realm = NULL, maxbuf = NULL; 00047 size_t i; 00048 00049 /* Below we assume the mandatory fields are present, verify that 00050 first to avoid crashes.
		/ 00051 if (digest_md5_validate_challenge (c) != 0) 00052 return NULL;* 00053 00054 for (i = 0; i < c->nrealms; i++) 00055 { 00056 char *tmp; 00057 if (asprintf (andtmp, "%s, realm=\"%s\"", 00058 realm ?
		"charset=utf-8" : "", 00159 cipher, 00160 r->authzid ?
	www.gnu.org /software/gsasl/doxygen/printer_8c-source.html (531 words)

	JCE decryption issue, possibly String.getBytes() issue
		> // Cipher the data > byte[] resultBytes = null; > resultBytes = desCipher.doFinal(passedBytes); > > if(resultBytes != null) > { > return new String(resultBytes); > } > else > { > return null; > }
		If the ciphertext is not a sequences of bytes that is a valid character encoding, there is no String for which getBytes() will return the ciphertext.
		If you insist on converting the ciphertext to characters, use a method that works for any sequence of bytes, such as hexadecimal or base 64.
	www.codecomments.com /message153803.html (863 words)

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