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Topic: Numeral

	Numeral system - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Numeral systems are sometimes called number systems, but that name is misleading: different systems of numbers, such as the system of real numbers, the system of complex numbers, the system of p-adic numbers, etc., are not the topic of this article.
		The simplest numeral system is the unary numeral system, in which every natural number is represented by a corresponding number of symbols.
		The numeral system of English is of this type ("three hundred [and] four"), as are those of virtually all other spoken languages, regardless of what written systems they have adopted.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Numeral (2423 words)

	Binary numeral system - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The binary or base-two numeral system is a system for representing numbers in which a radix of two is used; that is, each digit in a binary numeral may have either of two different values.
		The first known description of a binary numeral system was made by Pingala in his Chhandah-shastra, placed variously in the 5th century BC or the 2nd century BC.
		In a computer, the numeric values may be represented by two different voltages; on a magnetic disk, magnetic polarities may be used.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /binary_numeral_system.htm (2645 words)

	Encyclopedia: Binary numeral system (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Abjad numerals are a numeral system which was used in the Arabic-speaking world prior to the use of the so-called Arabic numerals (which are actually of Indian origin and the ENGLISH NUMBERS are ARABIC ORIGIN not english).
		Babylonian numerals were written in cuneiform, using a wedge-tipped reed stylus to make a mark on a soft clay tablet which would be exposed in the sun to harden to create a permanent record.
		Khmer numerals are the numerals used in the Khmer language of Cambodia.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Binary-numeral-system (5032 words)

	numeral. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The symbol is a member of a family of marks, such as letters, figures, or words, which alone or in a group represent the members of a numeration system.
		The earliest numerals were undoubtedly marks used to make a tally of a count of a number of acts or objects, one mark per object.
		Use of numerical values is not found in the Hebrew scriptures but is thought to have originated under Greek influence.
	www.bartleby.com /65/nu/numeral.html (943 words)

	Roman Numeral Dates \| Conversion Guide
		This page is intended as a guide to deciphering Roman numeral year dates[1] as they are commonly found in the imprints of both modern and early printed books.
		A well-known, but still often confusing feature of modern Roman numerals is the subtraction principle, which requires that a lower numeral appearing before a higher one[3] be subtracted from the higher value, not added to the total.
		An exception is the numeral M, or 1000, which is used 4 times to represent our number 4000, since the Romans had no single-letter numeral representing a higher value than M. It is now also customary not to repeat the values V, L, or D (5, 50, or 500) in the same numeral.
	www2.inetdirect.net /~charta/Roman_numerals.html (2066 words)

	Binary numeral system - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The first computer to use the binary numeral system was Konrad Zuse's Z3 computer in 1941.
		For example, the binary numeral "100" is pronounced "one zero zero", rather than "one hundred", in order to make explicit the fact that a binary numeral is being discussed, as well as for purposes of correctness.
		When the result of an addition exceeds the value of the radix, the procedure is to "carry the one" to the left and add the next place value.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Binary_numeral_system (2597 words)

	numeral - definition by dict.die.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		numeral adj : of or relating to or denoting numbers; "a numeral adjective"; "numerical analysis" [syn: numerical, numeric] n : a symbol used to represent a number; "he learned to write the numerals before he went to school" [syn: number]
		Expressing number; representing number; as, numeral letters or characters, as X or 10 for ten.
		A figure or character used to express a number; as, the Arabic numerals, 1, 2, 3, etc.; the Roman numerals, I, V, X, L, etc. 2.
	dict.die.net /numeral (91 words)

	Coolmath4kids - Calculators - Roman Numeral Calculator
		Numerals which are powers of ten (I, X, C, etc.) can be repeated up to three times in a row; other numerals cannot be repeated.
		The smaller numeral must be either one-fifth or one-tenth the valve of the larger one.
		The smaller numeral must either be the first numeral in the expression, or be preceded by a numeral of at least ten times its valve.
	www.coolmath4kids.com /calculators/romanus (344 words)

	Binary numeral system - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The binary numeral system represents numeric values using two symbols, typically 0 and 1.
		In this clock, each column of LEDs shows a binary-coded decimal numeral of the traditional sexagesimal time.
		The numeric value represented in each case is dependent upon the value assigned to each symbol.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Binary_numeral_system (2840 words)

	Roman numeral - Wiktionary
		The values of the numerals making up a number are summed to determine the value of the number (but see note 3).
		When a smaller numeral immediately precedes a larger one (which is usually the next largest numeral), the smaller is subtracted from the larger (eg, IX stands for 10 − 1, or 9).
		A numeral with a macron over it stands for 1000 times the numeral without the macron.
	en.wiktionary.org /wiki/Roman_numeral (140 words)

	ANSDIT - The letter "N" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		A technique of operating machine tools or industrial processes, the motion or sequence of which is determined by numerically coded commands.
		These commands may be generated by a computer-aided design and manufacture system on a data medium that controls a machine tool or an industrial process.
		A code set whose elements are constructed from a numeric character set.
	www.ncits.org /tc_home/k5htm/n2.htm (1139 words)

	AllRefer.com - numeral (Mathematics) - Encyclopedia
		Arabic numerals are 1, 2, 3, 4, ….
		Roman numerals are I, II, III, IV, ….
		Both the Arabic and the Roman symbols are believed to be related to this method: 1 or I is one finger, 2 or II is two fingers, and 3 or III is three fingers.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/N/numeral.html (280 words)

	Roman numeral and figured bass 2
		For example, the minor tonic triad in a major key, labeled "i" with a Roman numeral, would be marked with a flat sign in figured bass, the flat sign referring to lowered third in the triad.
		The flat on the 6 on the downbeat of the second measure is not absolutely necessary, since the numeral accounts for the quality of the chord.
		The sharp symbol in the figure means "raised," not necessarily "sharp." The distinction lies in theory, not notation.
	www.musictheoryresources.com /members/FA_roman_num2.htm (378 words)

	Arabic numerals
		Abu'l-Wafa, who was himself an expert in the use of Indian numerals, nevertheless wrote a text on how to use finger-reckoning arithmetic since this was the system used by the business community and teaching material aimed at these people had to be written using the appropriate system.
		The numerals had changed their form somewhat 100 years later when this copy of one of al-Biruni's astronomical texts was made.
		The form of the numerals in the west of the Arabic empire look more familiar to those using European numerals today which is not surprising since it is from these numerals that the Indian number system reach Europe.
	www-groups.dcs.st-andrews.ac.uk /~history/HistTopics/Arabic_numerals.html (2191 words)

	Roman Numeral Bi-Directional Calculator
		Only seven numeral characters (septal?) were used and when a numeral was over barred (in the later years of the use of Roman Numerals), it represented the base character value, multiplied by a thousand.
		Roman Numerals, as a recognized number representation, was the standard, and as far as we know, the only number system used by the Roman empire and other ancient European civilizations until the Arabic system was introduced.
		Roman numerals were used primarily for counting, mainly taxation, as the ancients had little use for, or understanding of, "calculation" or arithmetic as we know it today.
	www.csgnetwork.com /csgromancnv.html (1773 words)

	POST OFFICE IN PARADISE - Numeral Plating
		Terms used by Hawaiian Numeral plating students may not always conform to how the same terms are understood in other contexts or even in other circles of stamp collecting but have become a part of the "culture" of the Numerals:
		Usage of the word batnum is becoming generic for all of the various large numeral type pieces used in printing Numerals, regardless of whether they evidence battered damage (see Geoff Brewster's article about batnums at Articles).
		However, Numerals were printed in sheets of fifty, with five panes printed side by side separated by a gutter of varying width.
	www.hawaiianstamps.com /nuplating.html (3514 words)

	Roman Numerals
		Roman numerals traditionally indicate the order of rulers or ships who share the same name (i.e.
		The big differences between Roman and Arabic numerals (the ones we use today) are that Romans didn't have a symbol for zero, and that numeral placement within a number can sometimes indicate subtraction rather than addition.
		You see a lot of Ms because Roman numerals are used a lot to indicate dates.
	www.novaroma.org /via_romana/numbers.html (507 words)

	Math Forum: Ask Dr. Math FAQ: Roman Numerals
		A numeral is a symbol used to represent a number.
		The biggest Roman numeral is M, for 1000, so one easy way to write large numbers is to line up the Ms: MMMMMMM would be 7000, for instance.
		Introduction to Roman numerals, their history, large numbers, and a Java applet that converts a number from Roman to Arabic numerals.
	mathforum.org /dr.math/faq/faq.roman.html (1592 words)

	Summary of Working Paper No. 161-1999 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In the AIRSS this Ice Numeral is used to define conditions for safe vessel operation in ice.
		Ice Numerals have been determinated for a number of vessels operating in the Russian Arctic and in turn related to average vessel speed and damage.
		The Transit Numeral is an indicator of ice severity; zero represents very severe conditions for a vessel while 50 represents conditions equivalent to open water.
	www.fni.no /insrop/INSROPSummary_of_Working_Paper_No_1611.html (362 words)

	The Artima Icon - A Base 16 Numeral System
		The Artima icon is a Java applet that slowly counts from 0 to 15 in a numeral system that I dreamed up when I was in high school.
		To form the hexabill numeral for any of the base 16 "digits," 0 through 15 (decimal) or 0 through F (hexadecimal), simply connect the ends of the crossed lines for the appropriate powers of two.
		To make the numeral still more colorful, the Artima icon changes its paint color each time it wraps around from 15 back to zero.
	www.artima.com /artimaicon.html (466 words)

	A Look at Ethiopic Numerals
		Ethiopic numerals have a familiar quality about them that seems to catch the eye and pique the imagination of the first-time viewer.
		The Ethiopic numerals are said to have come from the interpretation of the Milesian system by Ethiopia's Nile brethren the Egyptian Copts.
		Ilf, the final Ethiopic numeral, `á¼', is often confused as the representation of 1,000.
	www.geez.org /Numerals (749 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Accusative - nominal, adjectival and numeral suffix of !
		Inessive - a nominal, adjectival and numeral suffix (E. "in") +Inf !
		Superessive - a nominal, adjectival and numeral suffix !
	xrce.xerox.com /competencies/content-analysis/demos/doc/mor-hun-1.txt (1085 words)

	Roman Numeral / Arabic Numeral Conversion
		Roman numerals are mathematically converted to Arabic numerals simply through the assignment of an Arabic numerical value to each letter and calculating a total.
		The letters (roman numerals) are arranged from left to right with each letter decreasing in value as you go "down the line." The totals are derived through adding the numerical equivalent of all the letters.
		To convert Arabic numbers into Roman numerals, type (in a blank cell) "ROMAN(A1)" where the "A1" references the cell containing the Arabic numeral you wish to convert.
	www.weplan.com /romannumeral.htm (368 words)

	numeral on Encyclopedia.com
		About 3000 BCthe ancient Egyptians began to use a demotic (a simplified cursive style of hieroglyphics) system of numerals based on a decimal system.
		The numerals are made up of three symbols: zero (egg shape), one (a dot), and five (a horizontal bar).
		Mistakes around the clock: errors in memory for the orientation of numerals.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/n1/numeral.asp (1225 words)

	NUMERAL - Definition
		[n] a symbol used to represent a number; "he learned to write the numerals before he went to school"
		[adj] of or relating to or denoting numbers; "a numeral adjective"; "numerical analysis"
		A figure or character used to express a number; as, the Arabic numerals, 1, 2, 3, etc.; the Roman numerals, I, V, X, L, etc.
	www.hyperdictionary.com /dictionary/numeral (82 words)

	Roman Numeral Translator
		But now you have Roman Numeral Translator to take all those cryptic M's and X's and display their equivalent in good old standard Arabic 1,000's and 10's.
		To keep Roman Numeral Translator as short as possible, the program is designed to handle the kind of data that is normally encountered in the Roman numeral system.
		This means it is not equipped to convert exceptional mathematical cases such as negative numbers, non-integers, or the little-used feature of placing a bar over a Roman digit to multiply its value by 1,000.
	www.atarimagazines.com /v6n11/romannumeral.html (487 words)

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