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Topic: Nummulites

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	Nummulite (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-09)
		Nummulites are protists from the phylum granuloreticulosa, and the class foraminifera, also called foraminiferida.
		Nummulitic limestone was used in the construction of ancient Egyptian monuments, such as the pyramids.
		This is a nummulite from around the Eocene and Oligocene periods 55-34 million years ago, found in the Mediteranean sea in Greece.
	www-personal.umich.edu /~wstoddar/nummulite.html (206 words)

	Giant microbes that lived for a century (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-09)
		Wrong – millions of years ago, there were disc-shaped, single-celled organisms called nummulites, some of which were as big as coasters and, according to new research, could have lived for more than a century – certainly the biggest, and arguably the longest-lived, of all known single-celled creatures.
		Nummulites are a subgroup of a large and important variety of single-celled organisms, or 'protists', called foraminifera.
		After this acme, nummulites declined in size and diversity, and their living relatives seldom exceed 2 mm in size or live longer than a year or two.
	www.mindswap.org /2002/nature/990819-6.xml (413 words)

	gb_nummulites (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-09)
		Often ignored by the majority of the beginners and generally scorned by the others, nummulites are however the fossils simplest to find.
		(which gather nummulites, the fusulines, the milioles, the orbitolites, the alveolines, the globigerines and the orbitoïdes), sea animals for the great majority of them, with only one cell (protozoa).
		The geological role of nummulites and Foraminifera in general is very significant.
	jeanphilippe.dudziak.9online.fr /fossilomania/debutant/nummulite/gb_nummulites.htm (239 words)

	T.a carbonate faunas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-09)
		In this image there is one large microspheric (B generation) Planocamerinoides, numerous small macrospheric (A generation), discocylinids and one Nummulites bagelensis identified by the lens cross-section and very large initial chamber (proloculus).
		In the lower right part of the image is part of the very large Nummulites javanus (B or microspheric generation) which is about 2 cms in full diameter.
		Note the thin-walled last whorl which is a gerontic stage lacking the marginal canal and probably associated with reproduction before death.
	nummulites.net /Ta.html (528 words)

	Live long and prosper - 07 August 1999 - New Scientist (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-09)
		Nummulite fossils were recognised in ancient times; the Greek historian Herodotus thought they were the remains of lentils eaten by Egyptian pyramid-builders.
		The largest modern nummulites are about two millimetres wide, but those that lived 50 million years ago grew up to 16 centimetres across.
		Ancient nummulites thrived in a warm and stable climate, says Brasier: "Creatures that develop in very stable conditions build up a lot of biomass, live a long time, and reproduce at exactly the optimal moment." Later, as the climate changed, the mammoth nummulites died out.
	www.newscientist.com /article.ns?id=mg16321982.400 (298 words)

	[No title]
		After many years examining field and well samples of Nummulites and Discocyclina dominated limestones (Eocene, generally shallow marine) from eastern Indonesia, an association of secondary larger foraminifera was noted to correlate with plate tectonic divisions.
		Both the APB and Lacazinella larger foraminifera usually occur as minor components in Eocene carbonates where the cosmopolitan genera Discocyclina and Nummulites are dominant.
		Adams (1970) confirmed Nummulites fichteli with Lacazinella in Bursch's material, which therefore appears to extend the range of the genus into Letter Stage T.c, Early Oligocene.
	www.nhm.ac.uk /hosted_sites/pe/2003_2/geo/intro.htm (1127 words)

	SAN FRANCISCO DE CARA, Beds (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-09)
		Fossiliferous sections containing corded nummulites and associated with the San Francisco de Cara beds outcrop towards the north, in the Paso La Laja (misspelled by Mme.
		26): "The corded nummulites zone in the Parapara de Ortiz facies, pertains to a higher level" (than that of Paleocene age in San Juan de los Morros) and is equivalent perhaps to the beds outcropping in the Tocuyo River, much farther west of San Juan de los Morros".
		A similar Cretaceous-Paleocene unconformity is observed on the slopes of the Morro del Faro, in the region of San Juan de los Morros, north of Ortiz.
	www.pdvsa.com /lexico/1edic/s7ii.htm (1666 words)

	Giant protist Nummulites and its Eocene environment; life span and habitat insights from delta 18 O and delta 13 C data ...
		Giant protist Nummulites and its Eocene environment; life span and habitat insights from delta 18 O and delta 13 C data from Nummulites and Venericardia, Hampshire Basin, UK -- Purton and Brasier 27 (8): 711 -- Geology
		Nummulites are virtually extinct, giant marine protists that reached up to 160 mm diameter during the warmest climatic phase of the Cenozoic.
		Pioneering the use of high-resolution drilling techniques in Nummulites, we show that both N. laevigatus and coeval bivalve Venericardia planicosta from the Lutetian of Hampshire, United Kingdom (ca.
	geology.geoscienceworld.org /cgi/content/abstract/27/8/711 (245 words)

	AlShindagah Online
		At the foot of the mountain, close to where the road from the cement works passes through a man-made gap, fossils of branching corals, oysters, gastropods and more rarely sea urchins and pieces of barnacles and crab claws can be found.
		These nummulites are the remains of a now extinct one-celled organism, varying in size from 3 to 15 mm.
		A bit higher up in the valley are the only UAE specimens of the large bush Acridocarpus orientalis, while on the main part of the mountain lives the elusive little ungulate the Arabian tahr.
	www.alshindagah.com /janfeb2006/jebel.html (2326 words)

	Note on the ORBITOIDES and Nummulinae of the Tertiary Asphaltic Bed TRINIDAD.
		When the asphalt is driven off by heat, the Nummulites often fall into two pieces by splitting along their median line of chambers; but this horizontal section is not generally so useful in determining species as the exposure of the successive surface-layers.
		The majority of the Orbitoides, mainly constituting this rock, are small and biconvex, with somewhat expanded edges, about 1/8 inch broad and 1 inch thick at the centre.
		The Nummulite is one of the small "sinuo-radiate" varieties (sometimes simply "radiate"), such as are referred to by me in the note on the Jamaican Nummulinae, and in the 'Geol.
	www.gstt.org /Geology/Orbitoides.htm (511 words)

	Nummulite - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		They are the shells of the extinct marine protozoan Nummulites, a type of foraminiferan.
		In 1913, Randolph Kirkpatrick published a book, The Nummulosphere: an account of the Organic Origin of so-called Igneous Rocks and Abyssal Red Clays, proposing the theory that all rocks have been constructed by the accumulation of forams such as nummulites.
		'Nummulite', Tiscali dictionary of animals [1], retrieved 17 August 2004
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nummulite (164 words)

	[No title]
		Rutten (1936) described Lacazinella on the Pisang Islands, sometimes with Alveolina and macrospheric Nummulites (N.
		Bursch (1947), confirmed by Adams (1970), described the Kai Besar fauna occurring with the reticulate Nummulites fichteli thus indicating that either Lacazinella occurs as young as the basal-most Oligocene, or these usually Oligocene Nummulites forms are known from latest Eocene.
		In Central Irian Jaya (Circled 6), both north and south of the zone of imbricate melange and ophiolites are limestones of Eocene age recorded by Visser and Hermes (1962) with Nummulites / Discocyclina assemblages.
	palaeo-electronica.org /2003_2/geo/appen.htm (1626 words)

	Nummulites - Wikipedia
		Nummulites è un genere di foraminiferi (protozoi) fossili.
		Una specie prende il nome di Nummulites gizehensis dalla località di Gizeh (Giza), in Egitto.
		Il nome Nummulites deriva dal latino nummulus (monetina), a sua volta legato alla forma simile a quella di una moneta.
	it.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nummulites (265 words)

	Fossil folklore
		These are the remains of single-celled animals (foraminifera) that lived on the sea-bed and secreted complexly-chambered, flat shells up to 4 cm in diameter.
		Picking up examples of these fossils, Strabo was informed that they were the petrified remains of the food belonging to the workers who built the pyramids.
		The main nummulite found in the limestones of the pyramids is a species called Nummulites gizehensis.
	www.nhm.ac.uk /nature-online/earth/fossils/fossil-folklore/themes/myths02.htm (161 words)

	Cleopatra's Needle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-09)
		Nummulites is a VERY large one celled foraminifera.
		The pyramids of Egypt were constructed, in part, using blocks of nummulitic limestone of Eocene age.
		This is a close-up view to show the disk shaped Nummulites, a type of foraminifera.
	www.gc.maricopa.edu /earthsci/imagearchive/cleopatra's_needle.htm (539 words)

	Large foraminiferans.
		I have recently learned that single celled foraminiferas such as nummulites are capable of growing tests upto 160mm across.
		I have tried to google this, however all I am able to find is basic descriptions of the species, and things about nummulitic limestones and palaeoclimatological evidence gathered from foraminiferans.
		As far as published theory I found this abstract proposing that the compartmentalization may play a role in cytosolic metabolism.
	www.physicsforums.com /showthread.php?t=63524 (749 words)

	Characterisation of the El Garia formation, Tunisia
		Nummulitic limestones are a common component of Eocene circum-Tethyan sediments.
		Consequently, the gross distribution of the Metlaoui Group depositional facies is well known; a highly detailed sedimentological, palaeontological and palaeoecological approach to the interpretation of these limestones, ranging from large-scale studies of their platform location, architecture and geometry, to fine-scale characterisation of Nummulites tests and populations, distinguishes this study from previous ones.
		Water energy levels and high production rates on the submerged highs, combined with the lack of a reefal rim, meant that much of this sediment was not 'stored' on these isolated platforms; rather the tests were 'exported' into the surrounding deeper parts of the basin by a combination of gravity slides and storm currents.
	narg.web.mcc.ac.uk /tunisia_elgaria_simon.htm (778 words)

	Collections of Hans Schaub (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-09)
		These materials were once used by Hans Schaub for an exhibit on nummulites in the museum, and therefore are kept together here.
		In case of Nummulites solitarius De la Harpe (1883) the specimen mounted on glass slides (specimen number 4883, Ilerdien, from El Quss, Abu Said, oasis of Farafra, Egypt) represent a lectotype and a paralectotype and were taken from the
		Nummulites from Castell'Arquato (Mayer-Eymar) in 2 glass tubes and 3 thin sections from Roger Dubey (University of Fribourg) with a letter dated from 15.10.1959.
	pages.unibas.ch /museum/microfossils/Colls_NMB/COLLECTN/SCHAUB/HISTSCH.HTML (287 words)

	Annales, Series Historia Naturalis, 10, 2001, 2
		This is an indication of sorting of particles by size during transport by currents of smaller slumps.
		The profusion of nummulitid tests suggests that the material was supplied into the flysch sea especially from the part of the carbonate platform, on which many nummulites of the mentioned species lived.
		Since taxonomic marks of Lutetian representatives of the group Nummulites millecaput overlap, or they are very similar, we listed a few remarks to previous descriptions.
	www.zrs-kp.si /EN/Zaloznistvo/annales/Anali25/pavlovec.htm (446 words)

	Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - RIMS-Petronas joint venture finds more oil in East Java Sea (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-09)
		Reports are that flow testing of the Nummulites-1 prior to plugging indicated 425 bpd of oil, whereas the Turitella-1 was a gas discovery.
		The Sedco 600 mobilized to the north-northeast of the Nummulites discovery to commence drilling the third well in the joint venture's Karapan drilling program and has now reached 3,340 ft while drilling ahead on the Belemnite-1 well.
		It is targeting units 1 and 3 platforms in the Kujung formation as well as reefal carbonates at a scheduled total depth of 5,935 ft (1,809 meters).
	www.gasandoil.com /GOC/discover/dix24453.htm (200 words)

	Datation par les foraminiferes planctoniques d'une activite volcanique d'age lutetien a Toubab Dialow (Senegal ...
		A level of silicified limestones with nummulites and daucines has been discovered in Toubab Dialaw, located in the horst of Ndiass.
		Interbedded between the diatreme and the ferruginous lateritic crust, this level is characterized by sheath folds.
		The biostratigraphic analysis revealed the presence of nummulites, daucina and a planktonic association with Globigerinatheka kugleri (Bolli, Loeblich et Tappan, 1957) which characterizes P11-P13 zones of late Lutetian to early Bartonian age.
	bsgf.geoscienceworld.org /cgi/content/abstract/171/2/197 (251 words)

	Amazon.com: NUMMULITES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-09)
		Nummulites of parts of central and east Iran: A thin-section study by Fathollah Bozorgnia (Unknown Binding - 1965)
		One form is called the nummulite (from the Greek nomisma, "coin")...
		Large discoidal foraminifera such as Nummulites were char- acteristic of areas...
	www.amazon.com /s?ie=UTF8&keywords=NUMMULITES&tag=icongroupinterna&index=blended&link_code=qs&page=1 (831 words)

	Terra Nova
		The problem of growth rate and life span of Nummulites foraminifers, attaining giant sizes during the Eocene, has been addressed by analysing their Sr/Ca ratio across the Eocene/Oligocene Boundary (EOB) of Kutch, western India.
		O cooling) across the boundary and during the early Oligocene possibly forced the Nummulites to adopt a slower growth rate (and stunted growth).
		The rapid growth of the Eocene Nummulites indicates that the giant sizes of these protists need not necessarily involve a large life span.
	www.prl.ernet.in /~library/sarangiS13_264_01.htm (166 words)

	Spiraxonia allogonia
		The Nummulite is a case in point (A Nummulite is a relatively large unicellular coin-shaped shell-bearing organism, belonging to the Foraminifera).
		Here we have a large number of whorls, very narrow, very close together, and apparently of equal breadth, which give rise to an appearance similar to that of a coiled rope.
		The more typical members of the Allogonia are the g e n u i n e i r r e g u l a r s p i r a l s as they are materialized in some organisms.
	home.hetnet.nl /~turing/spiraxonia_2.html (544 words)

	Chapter Numerically <i>to</i> Nut of N by Webster's Dictionary (1913 Edition)
		The arrangement of the red blood corpuscles in rouleaux, like piles of coins, as when a drop of human blood is examined under the microscope.
		A fossil of the genus Nummulites and allied genera.
		A genus of extinct Tertiary Foraminifera, having a thin, flat, round shell, containing a large number of small chambers arranged spirally.
	www.bibliomania.com /2/3/257/1205/23458/2.html (295 words)

	ABSTRACTS - findings on Neanderthals, dinosaurs, single-celled organisms - Brief Article Natural History - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-09)
		Although there are not enough remains of the largest nummulites for definitive studies, researchers can estimate their life spans by comparing fragments with remains of the closely related smaller species N. laevigatus, which lived about six years.
		Studying alterations in carbon and oxygen isotopes in the fossilized shells, the researchers examined seasonal records of these extinct giants of the unicellular world and could thus extrapolate growth rates and ages.
		BIGGEST OF THE BIG Dinosaur bones discovered in 1994 in a remote area of southeastern Oklahoma may be the remains of the largest of all sauropods.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1134/is_2_109/ai_60026713 (726 words)

	Morphology of some key species of Nummulites from the Indian Eocene -- Sen Gupta 39 (1): 86 -- Journal of Paleontology
		Morphology of some key species of Nummulites from the Indian Eocene
		"Nummulites acutus (Sowerby), N. bagelensis Verbeek, N. beaumonti d'Archiac and Haime, and N. perforatus (de Montfort) are described from the Lutetian of Kutch, northwestern India.
		The specimens include some topotypic material, and except for N. bagelensis, of which only the megalospheric form was found, the internal morphology of both the generations is discussed in detail.
	jpaleontol.geoscienceworld.org /cgi/content/abstract/39/1/86 (121 words)

	Revision of the group „Striatae” in the Nummulites collection of Hantken (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-09)
		One of the six groups comprised striated Nummulites (Nummulites plicatae vel striatae), representing more than one third of total preparata.
		In course of the current revision the taxonomical coherence of dimorphous pairs could be cleared.
		By this observation, the Middle Eocene age of Hungarian brown coal seams could be ascertained and a chronological debate of several decades closed.
	www.pal.nhmus.hu /MFT/HOP/kecs.html (453 words)

	The evolution of Nummulites perforatus- and N (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-09)
		The members of the Nummulites perforatus lineage are the most widespread larger foraminifera of the Middle Eocene while those of the N.
		In contrast, the lineages of other larger foraminifera (mostly the orbitoidal forms) are subdivided biometrically by using population statistics on the basis of A-forms reflecting well-definded ontogenetic stages.
		In our study the two lineages of Nummulites were analyzed using this method.
	www.pal.nhmus.hu /MFT/HOP/less.html (333 words)

	Research Herman Zevenberg: Facies and Sequence analysis of the Boltaña anticline in the Spanish central pyrenees
		The thin sections first were classified in type of limestone (limemudstone, wackestone, grainstone, floatstone, rudstone and packstone).
		When the grainsize/roundness/sorting differed from the mean it was noted and also the presence of quartz with estimated percentages, other fossils, heavy minerals and carbonate clasts.
		The shallowing up trend is proved by the existence of a platformslope facies: bally carbonates, preceded by deeper marine sediments.
	www.fossiel.net /limburg/Geologie3/veldwerk97.php (5779 words)

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