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	Nunivak Island - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Nunivak Island is the second largest island in the Bering Sea, 48 km (30 miles) offshore from the delta of the Yukon and Kuskokwim rivers, at about 60° North latitude.
		Prehistorically, Nunivak was home to a modest herd of caribou, but these were exterminated after the introduction of firearms in the late 19th or early 20th century.
		An epidemic in 1900 decimated the population of the island.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nunivak_Island (416 words)

	Nelson Island (Alaska) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Nelson Island or Qaluyaaq Island is an island in western Alaska, at 60°37′N 164°22′W.
		It is separated from the Alaska mainland to its east by a narrow channel and from Nunivak Island to its southwest by the Etolin Strait.
		Nelson Island was named after Edward William Nelson, a Smithsonian Institution naturalist who studied the island and people there in 1878.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nelson_Island_(Alaska) (130 words)

	The Intoduction, Increase, and Crash of Reindeer on St. Matthew Island; David R. Klein
		By 1963, the density of the reindeer on the island had reached 46.9 per square mile and ratios of fawns and yearlings to adult cows had dropped from 75 and 45 percent respectively, in 1957 to 60 and 26 percent in 1963.
		The winter of 1963-64 on the islands of the Bering Sea was one of the most severe on record from the standpoint of amount and duration of snow on the ground and extreme cold.
		Island ecosystems, although sparse from a species standpoint owing to restricted access, tend to be younger than continental ecosystems, with the result that there has been less time for the development of complex interrelationships.
	www.greatchange.org /footnotes-overshoot-st_matthew_island.html (7108 words)

	Muskox: Alaska Department of Fish and Game Wildlife Notebook Series
		Muskoxen thrived on Nunivak Island and increased from 31 in 1936 to an estimated 750 by 1968.
		Population: In 1990, approximately 2,220 free-ranging muskoxen resided in Alaska: 500 on Nunivak Island, 220 on Nelson Island, 500 in northern Alaska, 130 in northwestern Alaska, 700 on the Seward Peninsula, 150 on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, with an additional 105 animals in captivity in domestic herds, research herds, and the Alaska Zoo in Anchorage.
		The Nunivak Island and Nelson Island populations have been stabilized by hunting; the other wild populations are expected to continue to increase and to expand their range.
	www.adfg.state.ak.us /pubs/notebook/biggame/muskoxen.php (1192 words)

	Edward S. Curtis's The North American Indian - Uncorrected OCR Text for volume 20
		NUNIVAK island rises bluffly from Bering sea approximately at the intersection of 60~ north latitude and I66~ west longitude.
		Nunivak kaiaks are broader of beam, deeper of draft, and heavier than those of the mainland farther north, which are very narrow of beam and light of draft.
		THE NUNIVAK 37 the rims are glued, they project from half an inch to an inch on the outside of the bottom and a quarter to half an inch on the inside, depending on the size of the vessel.
	curtis.library.northwestern.edu /ocrtext.cgi?vol=20 (19641 words)

	Rebirth of Nunivak Dancing
		However, the remote and sparsely populated island of Nunivak, didn't see the arrival of the church until well into the 20th Century when missionaries came from Norton Sound to establish the Covenant Church.
		Despite a renaissance of Alaska Native culture in the 1980s and a revival of Eskimo dancing, particularly in the nearby Nelson Island villages of Toksook Bay and Tununak, the Nunivak village of Mekoryuk remained steadfastly opposed.
		In 1997, village elders were still opposed to Eskimo dancing in the village, but by 1998 students in the local school were clamoring for the opportunity to learn and practice their traditional way of dancing as schools in other parts of the region had done.
	www.deltadiscovery.com /leadstories/Nunivakdance.html (1810 words)

	Printable Version on Encyclopedia.com
		NUNIVAK [Nunivak], island, c.1,700 sq mi (4,400 sq km), off W Alaska, in the Bering Sea.
		It is the second largest island in the Bering Sea.
		Fogbound most of the year, Nunivak is covered with low vegetation and has a small Eskimo population engaged in hunting and fishing.
	www.encyclopedia.com /printable.aspx?id=1E1:Nunivak (80 words)

	Backpacking Destinations - Places - :Nunivak Island Wilderness Area- Print View (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Off the coast of the delta formed by the Yukon and Kuskokwim Rivers lies 1.1 million-acre Nunivak Island, managed as part of 20 million-acre Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge.
		The volcanic origin of the island is evident in the interior where lava flows and craters are found.
		Nunivak Island is probably best known for its herd of great shaggy muskoxen.
	www.backpacker.com /place/0,2678,273_A_P,00.html (272 words)

	Axoplasm: Fishing for Birds (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Lantis (1986:209) summarized the geography and biogeography of Nunivak.
		Winter weather on Nunivak is similar to that of the mainland: fiercely cold and wet, with temperatures falling to as low as -31 C. Summers are cooler and wetter than on the mainland, and the vegetation on Nunivak is denser than the mainland tundra.
		On Nunivak Island, Lantis (1986) describes ethnographic fishing techniques that do not emphasize netting, principally riverine fishing with stone weirs and traps, and hook-and-line fishing from canoes (in the summer) or through holes in the ice (in the winter).
	www.axoplasm.com /index.php?pieceID=30 (5235 words)

	Emliy Baskets & Stuff (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Mekoryuk is at the mouth of Shoal Bay on the north shore of Nunivak Island in the Bering Sea.
		Nunivak Island has been inhabited for 2,000 years by the Nuniwarmiut people, or Cup'ik (Choop'ik) Eskimos.
		A little known fact is that the Nunivak islanders have a form of pictograph writing that they use to record significant events in the life of their people, it is almost a lost skill.
	www.alaska.net /~gwjnota/html/Emilys.htm (939 words)

	Global Volcanism Program \| Nunivak Island \| Summary
		Nunivak Island contains about 60 cinder cones and four maars; the surface of the island consists dominantly of thin pahoehoe lava flows that form a carapace over Cretaceous sedimentary rocks.
		The widespread, thin pahoehoe lava flows originate from small shield volcanoes and cover much of the island, which is dotted throughout by cinder cones and other vents.
		The most recent eruptions at Nunivak produced a series of alkalic basalt lava flows and ash deposits from cinder cones and maars along an E-W zone in the southern part of the island.
	www.volcano.si.edu /world/volcano.cfm?vnum=1104-02- (203 words)

	Nunivak Island, Alaska
		Nunivak Island covers 1.1 million-acres off the coast of western Alaska.
		The island is of volcanic origin with lava flows visible in the interior, and craters which contain deep lakes.
		It is also home to a large herd of reindeer, and muskoxen, both of which were introduced to the island in the 1920s and 1930s.
	www.planetware.com /alaska/nunivak-island-us-ak-nun.htm (104 words)

	Nunivak Island: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Nunivak Island is a large island in the Bering Sea Bering Sea quick summary:
		An epidemic in 1900 and outward migration decimated the population of the island in the early 1900s.
		Kiska is an island in the rat islands group of the aleutian islands of alaska located at 52.1° n, EHandler: no quick summary.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/n/nu/nunivak_island.htm (974 words)

	Press: Operation Reindeer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		To some, Nunivak may seem strange, but by their journey’s end the young reindeer will find themselves in places that to them must be far stranger.
		Nunivak, treeless and tundra-covered, is about half the size of Kodiak, and like most every place in the Bering Sea, it’s known for its stormy, foggy weather.
		That’s the story of the flying Nunivak reindeer, or at least as much of it as can be determined now, 41 years after the fact, when the mists of time have intervened and obscured some of the details, much as the fog that rolls over Nunivak.
	www.anchoragepress.com /archives/document18ee.html (943 words)

	[No title]
		In the 1991 season, 35.7 percent of all strings of herring were processed as ullipengayiit on Nelson Island, compared to regional averages of 11.0 to 19.7 percent of all strings in 19986-88, and 25 percent in 1990.
		Although herring is harvested from camps along the eastern shore of Nunivak Island, all herring is brought to Mekoryuk to be processed.
		As in Nelson Island, production of herring for subsistence use was a kin-based operation in Mekoryuk, with members of extended families, generally a couple and their adult children in separate households, working together.
	www.nativeknowledge.org /db/files/tp211.htm (2234 words)

	Nunivak Musk Ox with Bow and Arrow
		Nunivak Island in winter has a kind of end-of-the earth feel to it, but as I sat astride my snowmachine looking over the country, I had to admit that it had its own fierce beauty.
		The island is 65 miles long and 45 miles wide, and has approximately 190 year-round residents.
		Biologists believed animals from Nunivak Island could be used to provide a nucleus herd from which musk ox could re-establish populations throughout their historic range in Alaska.
	www.outdoorsdirectory.com /magazine/alaska_musk_ox_hunt.htm (1604 words)

	Nelson Island (Alaska): Encyclopedia topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Nelson Island or Qaluyaaq Island is an island in western Alaska (Alaska: A state in northwestern North America; the 49th state admitted to the union), at.
		It is separated from the Alaska mainland to its east by a narrow channel and from Nunivak Island (Nunivak Island: nunivak island is a large island in the bering sea, 48 km (30 miles) offshore from the...
		Nelson Island was named after Edward Nelson, a Smithsonian Institution (Smithsonian Institution: the smithsonian institution is a museum complex with most of its facilities in washington...
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /reference/nelson_island_alaska (179 words)

	Alaska Journal of Commerce Online
		On a pristine island in the Bering Sea, inhabited mainly by reindeer and musk oxen, the Cup'ig Eskimo residents of Mekoryuk are hedging part of their economic future on an innovative college biology program.
		The camp is operated through Nunivak Island Cultural Education and Adventures LLC, a subsidiary of NIMA.
		Don said it was a report from the Denali Commission citing the serious economic problems of Nunivak Island that prompted him to explore creative economics.
	www.alaskajournal.com /stories/083004/foc_20040830010.shtml (988 words)

	Nunivak Island - Summer Camp
		This is a unique chance to work, learn and visit on remote and wild Nunivak Island, the traditional crossroads of the Bering Sea.
		The camp will be a self-contained scientific, cultural and educational community situated out in the remote tundra of Nunivak's NW coast.
		This will probably be the first Nunivak Angyaq to be built or used in these waters in about 60 to 70 years.
	www.rockisland.com /~kyak/summer_camp.html (299 words)

	When Reindeer Paradise Turned to Purgatory , Alaska Science Forum
		The island was St. Matthew, an unoccupied 32-mile long, four-mile wide sliver of tundra and cliffs in the Bering Sea, more than 200 miles from the nearest Alaska village.
		Barged over from Nunivak Island, the animals landed in an ungulate paradise: lichen mats four inches thick carpeted areas of the island, and the men of the Coast Guard station were the reindeer’s only potential predators.
		Weather records from St. Paul and Nunivak islands for the winter of 1963-1964 showed an extreme winter in both cold and amount of snowfall.
	www.gi.alaska.edu /ScienceForum/ASF16/1672.html (661 words)

	Alaska Wilderness, Ecotourism, & Cultural Trip Planning Information. Alaska Wilderness Recreation & Tourism Association ...
		In the 1930s, the Evangelical Covenant Church was built by an Eskimo missionary, followed by a BIA school in 1939.
		People moved to the village from other areas of the Island to be near the school.
		The Bering Sea which surrounds Nunivak Island strongly influences the climate of the island.
	www.awrta.org /comminfo/communities.cfm?city=Mekoryuk (417 words)

	Qiviut Store (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The nachaq, also known as the smokering, is a seamless, tubular garment that may be worn around the head as a hood or worn about the neck as a decorative accessory to any outfit, functional and dressy.
		The Nelson Island Diamond pattern is knitted by members from Nightmute, Tunuank, Newtok, and Toksook Bay, a cluster of small villages near the coast of Kangirlvar Bay.
		The Nelson Island Diamond pattern is used by members from Nightmute, Tununak, Newtok, and Toksook Bay, a cluster of small villages near the coast of Kangirlvar Bay.
	www.qiviut.com /store/index.cfm?target=NACHAQS (362 words)

	Untitled Document
		This is the body of water that separates Nelson Island on the Alaskan mainland from Nuniwar, Nunivak Island.
		The shoreline of Nunivak became barely visible through the blowing snow, and the plane jumped from increased turbulence.
		Nunivak retained large fleets of active kayaks into the 50's, and there was isolated use beyond that time.
	www.rockisland.com /~kyak/nuniwar1.html (1455 words)

	[No title]
		Timing and processing methods of subsistence herring on Nunivak Island were similar to those reported for Nelson Island with fishing occurring from mid May to mid June.
		As on Nelson Island, production of herring for subsistence use was a kin-based operation in Mekoryuk, with members of extended families, generally a married couple and their adult children from separate households, working together.
		Five former Nunivak Island families residing in Bethel returned to the island to produce herring for subsistence, as they had in 1990 and 1991.
	www.nativeknowledge.org /db/files/tp221.htm (1863 words)

	THE INTRODUCTION, INCREASE, AND CRASH OF REINDEER ON ST. MATTHEW ISLAND
		The pattern of reindeer population growth and die-off on St.
		Matthew Island has been observed on other island situations with introduced animals and is believed to be a product of the limited development of ecosystems and the associated deficiency of potential population-regulating factors on islands.
		Food supply then, through interaction with climatic factors, was the dominant population-regulating mechanism for reindeer on St.
	dieoff.org /page80.htm (7098 words)

	Men Of The Tundra: Photographs
		While I was staying with Andrew he said to me, "Do you know Rhodes?" I said, "yes, he's the head of Fish and Wildlife for Alaska." Rhodes had said to me, "You kill no more sheep and one caribou only." These people live on fish and meat and berries.
		Nunivak Island Eskimo returning from a day's hunt in his kayak...
		One of the chief men of Nunivak Island and the last man to wear labrets...
	www.alaskool.org /projects/ak_military/men_of_tundra/imageindex.html (1631 words)

	Muskox of the Yukon & Alaska North Slope Fact Sheet # 2 Reintroduction
		The muskox remained in Fairbanks for several years, and several calves were born but the experiment proved expensive, in part because of the cost of fencing to keep the muskox in and fl bears out.
		The muskox from Nunivak Island were intended to be provide stock for relocating muskox to other parts of their former range.
		In the late 1960s and 1970s, biologists transplanted muskox from this herd to the mainland east of Nunivak Island, the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, the Seward Peninsula, and northwest Alaska.
	www.taiga.net /wmac/species/muskox/factsheet2_reintroduction.html (789 words)

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