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Topic: Nur Mohammed Taraki

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Nur Muhammad Taraki

President of Afghanistan

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History of Afghanistan

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	CNN Cold War - Historical Documents: Moscow - Kabul exchange
		Taraki to Kosygin: I suggest that you place Afghan markings on your tanks and aircraft and no one will be any the wiser.
		Afghan President Taraki is repeatedly requesting more assistance from the Soviets, who wish to keep their involvement secret.
		Taraki: There is no active support on the part of the population.
	www.cnn.com /SPECIALS/cold.war/episodes/20/documents/moscow (816 words)

	Nur Muhammad Taraki - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Taraki was elected to Parliament in 1965, and started one of the first major leftist newspaper, Khalq (Masses), which lasted little more than a month before being silenced by a government ban.
		Taraki as president of Afghanistan attended a conference of the Non-Aligned nations in Havana, Cuba.
		Taraki's death was first noted in the New Kabul Times on October 10, which reported that the former leader only recently hailed as the "great teacher...
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nur_Mohammad_Taraki (1128 words)

	Hafizullah Amin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		After the death of Mohammed Daoud Khan in 1978 the PDPA gained power with Nur Mohammad Taraki becoming President of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan and secretary general of the PDPA while Amin and Babrak Karmal became deputy prime ministers.
		It was in that meeting between Taraki and Leonid Breznev that the decision of removing Amid took place.
		Amin knew however what Taraki's intentions were and the demand for his safety being guaranteed by the Soviet ambassador was probably a shrewd ploy on the part of Amin to mislead Taraki.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hafizullah_Amin (1258 words)

	Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Although the groups organizing in the city of Peshawar, Pakistan would later, after the Soviet invasion, be described by the western press as "freedom fighters"--as if their goal were to establish a representative democracy in Afghanistan--in reality these groups each had agendas of their own that were often far from democratic.
		Taraki's death was first noted in the Kabul Times on 10 October, which reported that the former leader only recently hailed as the "great teacher...
		The contemplated arrangement was a refinement and a simplification of earlier plans which had been built around the possible participation of Mohammed Zahir Shah and the convoking of a meeting in the loya jirga tradition.
	bopedia.com /en/wikipedia/d/de/democratic_republic_of_afghanistan.html (8009 words)

	Khalq - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Its historical leaders were Presidents Nur Mohammed Taraki and Hafizullah Amin.
		Taraki believed that revolution could be achieved in the classical Leninist fashion by building a tightly disciplined working-class party.
		Taraki did sing a song of united fronts briefly after Daoud's takeover in an attempt to gain places in the government for his followers, but this effort was unsuccessful.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Khalq (1726 words)

	Encyclopedia: Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Sardar Mohammed Daoud Khan[1] (July 18, 1909 â€“ April 28, 1978) was an Afghan statesman and President of the Republic of Afghanistan from 1973 until his assassination in 1978 as a result of a revolution led by the quasi-Marxist Peoples Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA).
		However, it was Taraki who was overthrown and assassinated by being smothered with a pillow in his bed, with Amin assuming power in Afghanistan.
		Mohammed Zahir Shah (born October 16, 1914) was the last King of Afghanistan from 1933 to 1973.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Democratic-Republic-of-Afghanistan (12396 words)

	Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Moreover they were by the erratic Mohammed Taraki a poet minor official and a publicly notorious radical.
		Taraki and Amin left a legacy turmoil and resentment which gravely compromised later attempts to win popular acceptance.
		Taraki's death was first noted in the Times on 10 October which reported that former leader only recently hailed as the teacher...
	www.freeglossary.com /Democratic_Republic_of_Afghanistan (6271 words)

	Soviet invasion of Afghanistan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		April 27, 1978 - Hafizullah Amin stages of coup against, resulting in the death of the former head of state, Mohammed Daoud Khan.
		September 12, 1979 - Taraki is forced from power by Amin and resigns his government and PDPA posts.
		September 14, 1979 - An assassination attempt on Amin in the Presidential palace, held to be directed by Taraki.
	uncover.us /en/wikipedia/s/so/soviet_invasion_of_afghanistan.html (1201 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The new government of Nur Mohammed Taraki embarked, albeit with a good deal of urban Marxist intellectual arrogance, on land reform; hence an attack on the opium-growing feudal estates.
		Taraki went to the United Nations, where he managed to raise loans for crop substitution for the poppy fields.
		Taraki was killed by Afghan army officers in September 1979.
	majorjo.home.netcom.com /nineoneone/cockburn.htm (656 words)

	Afghanistan: Experiment with Democracy
		Taraki asserted that many of these abuses could be terminated or alleviated if there were a free press...
		[Nur Mohammed] Taraki said that his party is designed primarily to assist the middle class, to elevate the lower ranks of the population, and to obtain assistance from the wealthier element for this purpose.
		Taraki said that his party will advocate land reforms; land reform is required in Farah Province where there are large landholdings, he maintained, but thisis not an important problem elsewhere.
	www.icdc.com /~paulwolf/pakistan/afghanistan.htm (6740 words)

	rugsofwar » Blog Archive » Portrait Rugs: Nur Mohammed Taraki
		Nur Mohammed Taraki was the leader of the communist coup on 1978 which preceded the Soviet occupation of the following year.
		PDPA leader Noor Muhammad Taraki became President of the new Republic on 27 April and proclaimed the nation “socialist”.
		The irony is that both the taraki and the Amin government are modern leftist or socialist governments, with views comparable with that
	sts-dev.anu.edu.au /rugsofwar/?p=153 (216 words)

	The Soviet Experience in Afghanistan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Further, Comrade Taraki said that Iran and Pakistan are supplying arms to the insurgents, and that, at the time, Afghans were returning from Iran, but it turned out that they were not Afghans but rather soldiers of the Iranian army dressed in Afghan clothing.
		I think that we should say to Taraki bluntly that we support all their actions and will render the kind of support that we agreed upon yesterday and today, but that in no case will we go forward with a deployment of troops into Afghanistan.
		In the opinion of Comrade Taraki, all who have gathered from the ranks of those dissatisfied with the new regime will then unite and set out for Kabul, and that will be the end of his government.
	www.yirmeyahureview.com /archive/afghanistan/gwu_soviet_experience_in_afghanistan.htm (12938 words)

	CHRONOLOGY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		After more than two centuries of monarchy, King Zahir Shah is ousted in a military takeover by Mohammed Daoud.
		Nur Mohammed Taraki declared president of revolutionary council.
		President Taraki killed in palace coup in September and succeeded by Hafizullah Amin.
	www.afghanwomen.com /html/chronology.html (237 words)

	All The World Is But One:Afghanistan-Winds Of Change (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		In 1978, Nur Mohammed Taraki, another communist leader, but having links with the clergy, staged a bloody coup in which Daoud was killed.
		Taraki proclaimed independence from Moscow and announced that Afghanistan would uphold Islamic principles and Afghan nationalism.
		Taraki’s rival, Hafizullah Amin managed to secure most parts of the countryside.
	www.effortsunited.com /winds_of_change.htm (761 words)

	Afghanistan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The Afghan Revolution and Civil War, Soviet intervention and Afghan resistance proved to be a pivotal series of events in the Cold War and the 1980s.
		Soon after seizing power, the Taraki regime announced a traditional Marxist-Leninist reform program, including the establishment of full women's rights and the implementation of land reform.
		Nur Mohammad Taraki became president of the Revolutionary Council, prime minister of the country and secretary general of party.
	novaonline.nv.cc.va.us /eli/evans/HIS135/Events/Afghanistan79.htm (1319 words)

	A DOCTOR WHO BECAME A PRISON BUILDER
		Mohammed Daoud was elected President after a National Assembly met and a Constitution was drafted.
		Taraki sought to create a Marxist state with Soviet aid, but met armed resistance from conservative Muslims.
		In this regiment, he thought to himself, before Taraki took power, there were only two tanks with a few artillery, but now there are six tanks and four armored personnel carriers and so much artillery.
	hideoasano.topcities.com /doctor.html (4975 words)

	Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The communist People's Democratic Pary of Afghanistan (PDPA) gained control and on May 1 Nur Mohammed Taraki became President.
		The final attempt backfired, however, and it was Taraki who was eliminated, with Amin assuming power in Afghanistan.
		The Soviets had a hand in Taraki's attempts on Amin's life and were not pleased with his rise.
	www.4that.info /co/Communist_Democratic_Republic_of_Afghanistan.html (7835 words)

	Institute for War and Peace Reporting (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Her father Mohammed Harif was head of construction in the ministry of public works between 1937 and 1973, and his brother Abdul Wakil was foreign minister in the Soviet-backed government of Najibullah.
		Parlika's release followed a bloody coup in which Taraki's Khalq faction of the PDPA was ousted by the Parcham wing led by Babrak Karmal, and backed by Moscow and its military.
		In 1980, she became head of the women’s section of the PDPA, where she continued until 1986, when she became head of the Afghan Red Crescent, a post she held until she was fired in 1992, when the mujahedin entered Kabul and ousted the Najibullah regime.
	www.iwpr.net /index.pl?archive/arr/arr_200408_129_2_eng.txt (1109 words)

	Use of Force by Arthur Mark Weisburd
		The PDPA's leader, Nur Mohammed Taraki, became president in the new government.
		In the fall of 1979 a power struggle between Amin and Taraki ended with Taraki's murder and Amin's assumption of the presidency.
		Later that day, Babrik Karmal, leader of a faction of the PDPA more moderate than that of Taraki and Amin, proclaimed in a radio broadcast (described as originating in Afghanistan but actually coming from Soviet territory) his seizure of power and a request for Soviet assistance.
	www.psupress.org /Justataste/samplechapters/JustaTasteWeisburd.html (1466 words)

	History of Afghanistan - The History Beat (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		He was assassinated in 1933 and his son Mohammed Zahir Shah ascended to the throne.
		However the second elected parliament of 1969 became deadlocked, leading Mohammed Daoud Khan to stage a coup d'état on July 17, 1973 while Zahir was in Italy.
		Mohammed Daoud Khan's return to power was welcomed by many factions.
	history.searchbeat.com /afghanistan.htm (4392 words)

	e-Ariana - Todays Afghan News
		In 1978 it was the Khalq faction that took over, but their more moderate leader Nur Mohammed Taraki was overthrown and killed by the hardliner Khalq communist Hafizullah Amin.
		It had been preceded by the communist secret services of Taraki and Amin (AGSA, KAM), but from 1979 onwards this organization of terror was instructed and trained by the KGB.
		But apart from Mullah Mohammed Omar and some other leaders who seem to have truly religious backgrounds (and no other education), the Taliban's military and intelligence are dominated by Soviet-trained communists.
	www.e-ariana.com /ariana/eariana.nsf/allPrintDocs/7EF45B6D01CA2C6B87256FC80042F544?OpenDocument (5491 words)

	Today in Asian History: December ...
		Nur Mohammed Taraki headed the newly established Marxist regime and looked to the Soviets for assistance.
		Taraki was killed in September 1979 by supporters of Prime Minister Hafizullah Amin.
		Amin replaced Taraki but the Marxist government remained on shaky ground.
	www.isop.ucla.edu /eas/thisweek/12-05.htm (449 words)

	The Pine Crest Model United Nations Topics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Nur Mohammed Taraki, looked to the Soviet Union for support in modernizing his country--improving health care and literacy, recognizing the rights of women, and separating church and state.
		In response to the unrest, Taraki's successor, Hafizullah Amin, launched a campaign of terror, arresting and shooting his opponents.
		Fearing that Amin will lose the war, Soviet leaders decided to remove him from power, andin 1979 the Soviet Union sent tens of thousands of men in tanks and trucks across their southern border into Afghanistan.
	teacherweb.ftl.pinecrest.edu /crawfor/irc/pcmuntopics2002.htm (561 words)

	Mohn in Afghanistan
		Taraki konnte sich beim Versuch, Afghanistan von seinen Feudalstrukturen zu befreien, in der Demokratischen Volkspartei Afghanistans nicht dauerhaft durchsetzen.
		Auch ist der Satz zwar aufklärerisch gemeint, tauscht aber nur den positiv besetzten Begriff Terrorbekämpfung gegen den negativ klingenden Begriff Machterhalt aus.
		In dieser Größenordnung könnten nur noch der Waffenhandel und das Ölgeschäft mithalten.
	www.steinbergrecherche.com /mohn.htm (4209 words)

	Afghanistan Interventions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		But Islam as taught, practiced and imposed by tribal leaders in Afghan villages and urban areas (where about 90% of the population is illiterate) is of the most benighted medieval kind, largely characterised by the ignorance of the teachers and clergy.
		In addition to the ‘ulema' (religious scholars) who have a role in the organisation of the state, there are the sayyids (descendants of the Prophet Mohammed), Sufi pirs (holy men), and ordinary mullahs (preachers).
		President Nur M. Taraki came to power with a programme designed to drag Afghanistan into the 20th Century with land reform and redistribution, education, a changed status for women - in effect the destruction of the feudal Afghanistan social structure.
	www.eurolegal.org /neoconwars/interafghan.htm (13480 words)

	UzbekWorld.com - News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		He was replaced by President Nur Mohammed Taraki, killed in fighting in 1979.
		Taraki's successor, Hafizullah Amin, was smothered with a pillow by the Soviets.
		The last communist president, Mohammed Najibullah, was hanged by the Taliban when they came to power in 1996.
	www.uzbekworld.com /news/viewnews.cgi?newsid1002472793,30354, (1507 words)

	Profile
		Her father Mohammed Harif was head of construction in the ministry of public works between 1937 and 1973, and his brother Abdul Wakil was foreign minister in the Soviet-backed government of Najibullah.
		In 1978, after Nur Mohammed Taraki became Afghanistan's first communist leader following a coup d'etat, Parlika was appointed head of the ruling PDPA's women's branch.
		Parlika's release followed a bloody coup in which Taraki's Khalq faction of the PDPA was ousted by the Parcham wing led by Babrak Karmal, and backed by Moscow and its military.
	www.peacewomen.org /news/Afghanistan/Aug04/profile.html (1045 words)

	Afghanistan
		Nur Mohammed Taraki, Afghanistan's new leader, looks to the Soviet Union for support.
		In Iran, crowds call for a holy war against the "godless Communists." The Islamic groups fighting the Communists receive covert American aid in July 1979.
		In response to the unrest in Afghanistan, Taraki's successor, Hafizullah Amin, launches a campaign of terror.
	www.pwc.k12.nf.ca /coldwar/plain/afghanistan.html (525 words)

	BBC Timeline: Afghanistan
		Introduces a number of social reforms, such as abolition of purdah (practice of secluding women from public view).
		At the same time, conservative Islamic and ethnic leaders who objected to social changes begin armed revolt in countryside.
		1979 - Power struggle between leftist leaders Hafizullah Amin and Nur Mohammed Taraki in Kabul won by Amin.
	www.hartford-hwp.com /archives/51/108.html (633 words)

	Virtual Archive : Transcript of Telephone Conversation Between Soviet Premier Alexei Kosygin and Afghan Prime Minister ...
		Transcript of Telephone Conversation Between Soviet Premier Alexei Kosygin and Afghan Prime Minister Nur Mohammed Taraki discussing the situation in Afghanistan and agreeing that the Soviet Union should deliver military equipment to help with the Islamic radicals
		Taraki: Very few--between 1,000 and 2,000 people in all.
		Taraki: Send vehicles together with drivers who speak our language--Tajiks and Uzbeks.
	www.wilsoncenter.org /index.cfm?topic_id=1409&fuseaction=va2.document&identifier=5034DBD7-96B6-175C-91C6BFBB21B1EFF3&sort=Collection&item=Soviet (986 words)

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