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Nur Mohammad Taraki

	Nur Muhammad Taraki - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Taraki was elected to Parliament in 1965, and started one of the first major leftist newspaper, Khalq (Masses), which lasted little more than a month before being silenced by a government ban.
		Taraki as president of Afghanistan attended a conference of the Non-Aligned nations in Havana, Cuba.
		Taraki's death was first noted in the Kabul Times on October 10, which reported that the former leader only recently hailed as the "great teacher...
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nur_Mohammad_Taraki (1004 words)

	NUR MUHAMMAD TARAKI
		Nur Muhammad Taraki (1917-1979) was president van Afghanistan tussen april 1978 en september 1979.
		Van 1947 tot 1952 was hij lid van de linkse jeugdbeweging de ontwakende jeugd.
		Saurrevolutie) werd Taraki op 30 april tot president van de Revolutionaire Raad (dwz.
	www.thumpershollow.com /encyclopedia/N/Nur_Muhammad_Taraki (209 words)

	Babrak Karmal - Wikipedia
		Karmal was de zoon van generaal Muhammad Hussain Khan, een voormalig gouverneur van de provincie Paktia en werkzaam bij de Afghaanse koninklijke familie.
		Nur Muhammad Taraki werd gekozen tot secretaris-generaal van de DVPA en Karmal werd zijn plaatsvervanger.
		Spoedig kwam het tot wrijvingen tussen Karmal en diens aanhangers enerzijds en Taraki en diens aanhangers anderzijds.
	nl.wikipedia.org /wiki/Babrak_Karmal (431 words)

	CONK! Encyclopedia: Hafizullah_Amin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		After the death of Mohammed Daoud Khan in 1978 the PDPA gained power with Nur Mohammad Taraki becoming President of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan and secretary general of the PDPA while Amin and Babrak Karmal became deputy prime ministers.
		It was in that meeting between Taraki and Leonid Breznev that the decision of removing Amid took place.
		Amin knew however what Taraki's intentions were and the demand for his safety being guaranteed by the Soviet ambassador was probably a shrewd ploy on the part of Amin to mislead Taraki.
	www.conk.com /search/encyclopedia.cgi?q=Hafizullah_Amin (891 words)

	Afghanland.com Afghanistan Communism Taraki Hafizullah Amin Babrak Karmal
		By Afghanland.com: The divided PDPA succeeded the Daoud regime with a new government under the leadership of Nur Muhammad Taraki of the Khalq faction.
		According to afghanland.com sources, In Kabul, the initial cabinet appeared to be carefully constructed to alternate ranking positions between Khalqis and Parchamis: Taraki was prime minister, Karmal was senior deputy prime minister, and Hafizullah Amin of Khalq was foreign minister.
		With Amin's death at the palace, Babrak Karmal, exiled leader of the Parcham faction of the PDPA was installed by the Soviets as Afghanistan's new head of government.
	www.afghanland.com /history/communist.html (550 words)

	Afghanistan—Who's Who
		Karzai is also a close ally of the former king, Muhammad Zahir Shah.
		He later joined the communist government, serving as defense minister for President Muhammad Najibullah, until the mujahideen defeated it in 1992.
		Taraki became a communist in the 1960s, helping found the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan in 1965.
	www.infoplease.com /spot/afghanistan1.html (2056 words)

	Nur Muhammad Taraki - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		On April 27, 1978 the coup was initiated, reportedly by Hafizullah Amin while he was under house arrest.
		The intense rivalry between Taraki and Hafizullah Amin within the Khalq faction heated up.
		Amin became prime minister on 28 March 1979 with Taraki remaining President.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nur_Muhammad_Taraki (1004 words)

	History of Afghanistan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Various princes and Seljuk rulers attempted to rule parts of the country until the shah Muhammad II of the Khwarezmid Empire conquered all of Persia in 1205.
		In 1967, the PDPA split into two major rival factions: the Khalq (Masses) faction headed by Nur Muhammad Taraki and Hafizullah Amin and supported by elements within the military, and the Parcham (Banner) faction led by Babrak Karmal.
		Nur Muhammad Taraki, Secretary General of the PDPA, became President of the Revolutionary Council and Prime Minister of the newly established Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, strongly supported by the USSR.
	www.wikipedia.com /wiki/Afghanistan/History (2648 words)

	Afghanistan - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Afghanistan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		President Daud, after steering a centrist course, was assassinated in 1978 in a military coup, and Nur Muhammad Taraki, the imprisoned leader of the radical Khalq (masses) faction of the banned communist People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA), took charge as president of a revolutionary council.
		Taraki was replaced in 1979 by prime minister Hafizullah Amin.
		The Taliban seized power and a six-member interim council of clerics, headed by Muhammad Rabbani, was installed and strict Islamic law imposed, including the prohibition of the employment and education of females, compulsory beards for men, and a ban on television.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Afghanistan (3182 words)

	The Communist Regime in Afghanistan 1978-1989
		Nur Muhammad Taraki was another prominent leftist of the period.
		Taraki was later a key figure in the communist movement in Afghanistan after his return to Afghanistan from India.
		Taraki and Amin imposed extreme reforms to be carried out in a short period time with little concern for the Afghan culture.
	www.applet-magic.com /afghancom.htm (1178 words)

	Afghanland.com Afghanistan Democracy
		Future Marxist leaders of Afghanistan, Nur Muhammad Taraki, Babrak Karmal, and Hafizullah Amin were all involved.
		Taraki, one of the four PDPA members elected to parliament in 1965, started the first major leftist newspaper, Khalq (Masses), which lasted little more than a month before being silenced by a government ban.
		Although the split was couched in ideological terms, it was largely due to personality differences between Taraki and Karmal and to their respective preferences in organizing tactics.
	www.afghanland.com /history/democracy.html (1349 words)

	PlanetPapers - Afghanistan
		Taraki, Amin, and Karmal were the central player in the leftists' revolution of the Afghanistan.
		Taraki was born in 1917, was the oldest.
		He was a son of General Muhammad Hussain Khan, who served as governor of Pakita Province and had close ties with the royal family.
	www.planetpapers.com /Assets/1077.php (1172 words)

	Encyclopedia: Nur Muhammad Taraki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Jump to: navigation, search January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars.
		The split reflected deep ethnic, class, and ideological differences Babrak Karmal (January 6, 1929 - December 3, 1996) was the third President of Afghanistan (1980 - 1986) during the period of the communist Democratic Republic of Afghanistan.
		Jump to: navigation, search May 1 is the 121st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (122nd in leap years).
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Nur-Muhammad-Taraki (2217 words)

	Biographie Kommunisten Taraki Khalqisten
		Taraki und 6 weitere Top-Kader der DVPA/PDPA werden inhaftiert.
		Taraki wird nach Moskau bestellt und unterwiesen, wie sein Land und die Partei zu führen seien, seine Bitte um sowjetische militärische Intervention dagegen zurückgewiesen.
		Taraki davon überzeugen, daß eine demokratische Koalitionsregierung eingerichtet werden müsse, in der DVPA-Mitglieder, incl.
	www.afghanistan-seiten.de /afghanistan/bios_taraki.html (2605 words)

	DVPA
		De Democratische Volkspartij van Afghanistan (DVPA) was een links-socialistische, Afghaanse politieke partij, opgericht in 1965 door Nur Muhammad Taraki en enkele vertrouwelingen.
		Onder druk van de Sovjet-Unie verzoenden Karmal en Taraki zich in 1978.
		De nieuwe president, Muhammad Nadjiboellah (voorheen chef van de inlichtingendienst KhAD), was wel bereid om met de moedjahedin te onderhandelen.
	www.thumpershollow.com /encyclopedia/D/DVPA (449 words)

	Soviet war in Afghanistan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In 1967 the PDPA split into two rival factions, the Khalq (Masses) faction headed by Nur Muhammad Taraki and Hafizullah Amin and the Parcham (Banner) faction led by Babrak Karmal.
		Nur Muhammad Taraki, Secretary General of the PDPA, became President of the Revolutionary Council and Prime Minister of the newly established Democratic Republic of Afghanistan.
		By the summer of 1978, a revolt began in the Nuristan region of eastern Afghanistan and spread into a countrywide insurgency.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Soviet_Invasion_of_Afghanistan (1602 words)

	My Information
		MUHAMMAD DAOUD KHAN, former commander of the Central Forces in Kabul, became the new prime minister.
		KING MUHAMMAD ZAHIR SHAH emerged as the leader of the government, in fact as well as in name, thereby ending some 30 years of rule by a succession of relatives in the office of prime minister.
		Muhammad Daoud and several other leaders of the fallen government were executed.
	www.angelfire.com /ak5/farda/Calendar.html (3548 words)

	Afghanistan Amin Coup 1979
		The intense rivalry between Nur Muhammad Taraki and Hafizullah Amin within the Khalq faction of the PDPA also heated up, culminating in the death -- admittedly the murder -- of Taraki.
		The final attempt backfired, however, and it was Taraki who was eliminated and Amin, who assumed power in Afghanistan between September 16-18, 1979.
		The Soviets had at first backed Amin, but they came to believe that he was too rigidly Marxist-Leninist to survive politically in a country as conservative and religious as Afghanistan.
	www.onwar.com /aced/data/alpha/afghan1979a.htm (190 words)

	Lemar-Aftaab \| www.afghanmagazine.com \| October - December 1999 \| Vol 1 \| Issues 10 \| Articles \| The Dreaded Devil's ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In 1929, when General Muhammad Nadir returned to regain the throne for Shah Amanullah, the USSR immediately recognized the new administration even though later General Muhammad Nadir was proclaimed king by his comrade-in-arms.
		In 1953, when Sardar Muhammad Daud became Prime Minister for the monarchy, Soviet interventionism was bolstered in Afghanistan because of the Pashtunistan dispute; the dispute concerned the Afghans tribes trapped by the nominal Durand Line in the British created state of Pakistan.
		Taraki instituted drastic social and economic measures, including land reform, women's rights and education, thus continuing to offend those with vested interests in maintaining the status quo.
	afghanmagazine.com /oct99/articles/1979invasion (4927 words)

	Encyclopedia: History of Afghanistan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Main article: Islamic conquest of Afghanistan The Islamic Conquest In 637, five years after the death of Muhammad, Arab Muslims shattered the might of the Iranian Sassanians at the battles of Qadisiya and Nahawand.
		Ala ad-Din Muhammad II(علاءالدين محمد ʿAlā al-Dīn Muḥammad) was the ruler of the Khwarezmid Empire from 1200 to 1220.
		Osama bin Laden UsÄmah bin Muhammad bin `Awad bin LÄdin (born March 10, 1957) (Arabic:), commonly known as Osama bin Laden, or Usama bin Laden, (Arabic:), is the founder of al-Qaeda, a Sunni Islamist terrorist network that has been involved in attacks against civilians and military targets...
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/History-of-Afghanistan (6732 words)

	Afghanistan Country Study
		Taraki's assassination in September and the Soviet delegation's visit demonstrated that the PDPA's tenuous hold on authority was rapidly weakening.
		According to Taraki, "the criterion of our judgment regarding the removal of unhealthy elements from the administration is sabotage, antirevolutionary action, corruption, bad reputation, bribery, cruelty, oppression and administrative inefficiency of the officials." Given the PDPA's unpopularity and its internal purges, the secret police soon had its hands full.
		Amnesty International reported in December 1984 that although the use of torture was widespread under the Taraki and Amin regimes, KHAD was the first to employ it in a systematic manner at its network of detention centers in Kabul and in other parts of the country.
	www.gl.iit.edu /govdocs/afghanistan/NationalSecurity.html (17121 words)

	Parteien Afghanistan Kommunisten Sozialdemokraten
		Taraki wurde nach Moskau bestellt und unterwiesen, wie sein Land und die Partei zu führen seien.
		Taraki gab seinen Posten als Premier auf und setzte Hafizullah Amin ein.
		Präsident Taraki sandte wiederholte Gesuche um Intervention nach Moskau und reiste auch persönlich hin, um militärische Unterstützung durch die UdSSR zu erbitten; nach der Lesart Amins resp.
	www.afghanistan-seiten.de /afghanistan/bios_parteien.html (1951 words)

	Heading the Afghans: a dangerous mission -DAWN - International; 06 October, 2004
		Nur Muhammad Taraki became president of the communist government.
		Just over a year later, Taraki followed Daoud to the grave, killed in a palace shootout by gunmen loyal to his prime minister and defence minister Hafizullah Amin.
		Three months later, in December 1979, Soviet troops invaded Afghanistan and Amin was killed in an assault on the palace, although there were also rumours he was poisoned or committed suicide by poison.
	www.dawn.com /2004/10/06/int6.htm (564 words)

	The Sickle and the Minaret
		Taraki believed that revolution could be achieved in the classical Leninist fashion by building a tightly disciplined working‑class party.
		Taraki was from a poor village family in Ghazni Province.
		Taraki, increasingly unable to respond to challenges to the regime, was murdered in September 1979 by agents loyal to his lieutenant Hafizullah Amin.
	meria.idc.ac.il /journal/2005/issue1/jv9no1a2.html (10365 words)

	Aslam Watanjer -- Aslam Watanjer(Zurmula, 1944 of 1946-Odessa, 23 november 2... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In 1973 was hij nauw betrokken bij de staatsgreep die een einde maakte aan de monarchie van koning Zahir Shah en die Muhammad Daoed Khan aan de macht bracht die de republiek uitriep.
		De moordaanslag die in september 1979 plaatsvond, liep op niets uit en Watanjer en de andere samenzweerders vluchtten naar de ambassade van de Sovjet-Unie in Kaboel.
		Op 14 september werd president Taraki door Amin afgezet, welke laatste zelf president werd en tevens secretaris-generaal van DVPA.
	aslam-watanjer.nl.tracking24.net (461 words)

	Hafizullah Amin - Wikipedia
		In 1965 sloot hij zich aan bij de communistisch georiënteerde Democratische Volkspartij van Afghanistan (DVPA) van Nur Muhammad Taraki.
		Op 14 september 1979 liet Amin president Nur Muhammad Taraki gevangenzetten en verklaarde op 15 september 1979 voor het centraal comité van de DVPA dat Taraki om 'gezondheidsredenen' was afgetreden.
		Hij liet zich vervolgens door het centraal comité tot secretaris-generaal van DVPA kiezen.
	nl.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hafizullah_Amin (349 words)

	Afghanistan - Background
		Nur Muhammad Taraki, PDPA secretary general, was designated president of the new republic.
		When Taraki attempted to remove Amin in September 1979, the latter, warned by an informer, turned the tables, arrested Taraki after a shootout at the Presidential Palace in Kabul, and assumed the highest party and state posts.
		In October Taraki was dead, murdered in prison by Amin's agents.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/world/afghanistan/cs-introduction.htm (2596 words)

	Library of Congress / Federal Research Division / Country Studies / Area Handbook Series / Afghanistan
		Muhammad Shaybani (also a descendant of Genghis Khan) and his successors ruled the area around the Amu Darya for about a century, while to the south and west of what is now Afghanistan two powerful dynasties began to compete for influence.
		Muhammad Zeman, governor of Kabul, was in the most commanding position and became shah at the age of twenty-three.
		The eldest, Muhammad Hashim, who had been prime minister under the previous king, retained that post until replaced by his youngest brother, Shah Mahmud in 1946.
	memory.loc.gov /frd/cs/afghanistan/afghanistan.html (21354 words)

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