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Topic: Nuragic civilisation

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	Nuraghe
		Although the Nuragici civilization, according to one of the outmost scholars of Sardinian proto-history and Etruscologist Massimo Pallottino, produced the most advanced and monumental architectures of the period in the western Mediterranean, included the Greek region, Italian interest for Sardinian archaeology, has been minimal, but for the illegal trade of bronze statues.
		The use or meaning of Nuraghes has not been clearly identified: among the most believable theories it is supposed to have been a religious temple, or a dwelling, a military reference (stronghold), the house of the chief of the village, the place for the meeting of the wise men or the governors.
		Nuragic art includes stone carvings or statues representing female divinities (Thanit, main religious entity, is a goddess); these works however have often been considered as partly a fruct of relationships with Phoenicians.
	www.guajara.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/n/nu/nuraghe.html (602 words)

	Nuragic way of living in Sardinia - History of Italy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The nuragic people, in fact, had a naturalistic type of religiosity founded on the adoration of the elements of Nature, thought to contain the divine spirit: stones and trees were the object of worship and the cult of water, in the rain and from the spring, was particularly entrenched.
		Besides the cult of water the nuragic people continued to practise the cult of the Mother goddess and the Bull god, powerful divine couple already object of adoration in the pre-nuragic period.
		The Bull god and the Mother goddess, symbols of fertility, were, for the nuragics the origin of their universe, the two forces which, becoming united generated life.
	www.sardinian.net /sardinia/history/nuragic_civilisation_b.htm (896 words)

	Nuraghe - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Although the Nuragic civilization produced the most advanced and monumental architecture of the period in the western Mediterranean, included the region of Magna Graecia, according to Massimo Pallottino, a scholar of Sardinian prehistory and Etruscologist.
		Nuragic art includes stone carvings or statues representing female divinities ( Thanit, main religious entity, is a goddess); these works however have often been considered as partly a fruct of relationships with Phoenicians.
		It has been recalled that round buildings, or circular plan buildings, are typical of nomad peoples, and indeed ancient Sardinians should effectively have been used to constantly move within their territory for better places or to avoid invasions or outside for new markets for their bronze.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nuraghe (637 words)

	Nuragic Civilisation in Sardinia - History of Italy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		With the Middle Bronze Age, nuragic civilisation began in Sardinia, as evidenced by a series of megalitihic monuments intended for both civil and funerary purposes.
		Nuragic pottery from the Iron Age comprises a wide variety of forms, often enriched with elegant decorative motifs.
		The nuragic civilisation arose from the convergence of different Mediterranean peoples, with different cultures, on the small land of Sardinia.
	www.sardinian.net /sardinia/history/nuragic_civilisation_a.htm (895 words)

	Ichnusa - The Nuraghi
		The origins and development of the Nuragic civilisation are shrouded in mystery and myth.
		These fascinating remains bear witness to a civilisation which did not disappear with the arrival of foreign invaders but instead survived, and was absorbed into their cultures and re-elaborated.
		The Nuragic people mastered the art of working iron and copper, and careful archaeological excavation has uncovered many artisan objects both for daily use (utensils, jewels and weapons) as well as for religious purposes, such as bronzes and statues of people, animals or boats used as votive offerings.
	www.activsardegna.com /ichnusa/storie/nuraghi_en.htm (415 words)

	Oristano and hinterland
		Of the same importance are the S.Chiara church and which preserves precious wooden handmade and very interesting paintings in its inside; a wonderful wooden carving of the crucified Christ, known as of Nicodemus, which goes back to the XIV century, is preserved in the church of S. Fracnesco.
		The nuragic group of Santa Cristina is one of the most evocative and complete of the island.
		The archaeological area is composed by a nuragic sanctuary, the ruins of a nuragic tower and a village of huts.
	www.lamaddalena.it /itinerari_provincia_oristano_inglese.htm (784 words)

	SARDINIA>HISTORY OF SARDINIA
		Sardinia is rich in history and culture, but it is unique in its testimony to the Nuragic civilisation (1800 - 238 BC), a people who continue to fascinate historians and the many tourists who come to the island every year.
		Characteristic testimony to the Nuragic Age can be seen in the stone towers, known as Nuraghi, which were used as dwelling places and fortresses.
		After the decline of the Nuragic civilisation the island experienced long periods of domination under the Phoenicians, the Carthaginians, the Romans and then the Vandals.
	www.hellosardinia.com /eng/storia.htm (438 words)

	Ichnusa Web Magazine by Activsardegna
		The aim of the web-zine is to focus on the most extraordinary and unusual aspects of Sardinia and capture your attention, stimulating your curiosity and your desire to discover this charming and mysterious land in person.
		The origins of the Nuragic civilisation, which developed in Sardinia between the late Bronze Age and the Iron Age (1500-500 BC.), is shrouded in mystery and myths.
		A number of experts support the theory that the Nuragic peoples can be identified as the Shardana, one of the seafaring peoples mentioned in Egyptian documents between the XVI and XIII century BC.
	www.activsardegna.com /ichnusa/index_en.htm (255 words)

	On the trail of the ancient people of Sardinia. 4/5
		The picture of the rich and fashionable nuragic civilisation will be complete with a visit to some of the characteristic tombs of this period, the so called "Tombe dei Giganti" (Tombs of Giants) the name of which comes from popular fantasy created by the majestic nature of these collective tombs.
		Moreover their layout with its long covered corridor for burials with, at the front, its two semicircular arms that form an open space for the burial rites, evoke the stylised figure of a bull's head with long arched horns, that are a clear religious symbol.
		The religiousness of the nuragic people is also shown by other cult temples, the so called megaron temples, of which very few examples are known, like the two temples of Serra Orrios in Dorgali and the megaron in Esterzili.
	www.sardi.it /sardinia/orme4.htm (457 words)

	[No title]
		The shaft temples of Nuragic civilisation (belonging to the last Bronze age, between the end of the XII and the beginning of the IX century B.C.) are round tholos structures (false dome) built in a hypogeal form to intercept the water bed.
		Due to fluctuations in the level of the water bed, ramps of splayed rectilinear or trapezoidal steps were built to collect the water even in periods of drought.
		The Nuragic Sanctuary of Santa Vittoria is located in the south-western corner of the Giara di Serri plateau on an area of over three and a half hectares: 266 m long in the NW - SE direction and 135 m wide in the NNE - SSW direction.
	web.tiscali.it /cultodelleacque/inglese/santuario.htm (453 words)

	Shg
		It is the second big town of the Island and it is different from the other Sardinian towns as regard its architecture, its town-planning and its characteristics in general.
		This Island was the seat of a penal colony and it is bound to become a sea park.
		The "Nuragic Royal Palace" of Santu Antine symbolize one of the most eminent evidence of sardinian protohistory and bear witness to the civilisation stage reached by the nuragic people.
	www.shg.it /en/visitacitta/alghero/escursioni (537 words)

	Excursions and tours in Sardinia: Nuraxi of Barumini and nuragic sanctuary of Saint Victoria. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Palace of Barumini, the Giara and Nuragic Sanctuary of Saint Victoria
		We leave Cagliari in a northerly direction to reach Barumini, where the most important nuragic complex in Sardinia, "Su Nuraxi" is found.
		This a genuine prehistoric village made entirely of stone, from the centre of which rises up in all its splendour the palace of the "Shepherd King", which between 1600-1800 BC was the seat of administration for the local populations 1600-1800 BC.
	www.tours.sardinian.net /English/tuesday.htm (250 words)

	Sardinia Hotel Group - City Tours
		It was also the principal seat of external domination, and indeed it preserves evidence of every age and culture.
		Of primary interest is the Archaeological Museum, which houses both Roman and Punic treasures as well as a complete collection from the nuragic civilisation.
		Remy Bastion at the foot of which is the historical " Antico Caffè dal 1855"; St. Croce Church; the Bonaria Sanctuary and Basilica and the crypts of St. Lucifero and St. Restituta.
	www.shg.it /en/visitacitta/cagliari (290 words)

	Understanding the ACG logo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Our land is rich in history and culture, which dates back to around 2000 B.C. Nuragic prehistoric civilisation is unique, and archaeological findings testimonies a people rich in contacts and trade exchanges.
		Nuragic period remnants can be found in the stone towers (nuraghe), made by square stone blocks composing an elliptical or conic trunk.
		Among the many objects which were attributed to Nuragic civilisation, we selected a bronze sculpture (a so called "bronzetto") of a warrior.
	astrochemistry.ca.astro.it /logohistory.html (165 words)

	Cagliari and hinterland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Also of interest is St. Remy Bastion at the foot of which is the historical "Antico Caffè dal 1855"; St. Croce Church; the Bonaria Sanctuary and Basilica and the crypts of St. Lucifero and St. Restituta.
		The Nuragic village of "Genna Maria" and the archaeological museum are well worth a visit since the recent restoration.
		This is the most extensive and important Nuragic village ever discovered.
	www.lamaddalena.it /itinerari_provincia_cagliari_inglese.htm (710 words)

	SARDINIA>ARCHAEOLOGY IN SARDINIA
		About 7000 of these stone structures were built in Sardinia over a long period which spanned a number of centuries, with its peak between 1200 and 900 BC.
		Many of the Nuragic sites offer guided tours, such as Losa in the Province of Oristano, the Nuraghi of Barumini and Villanovaforru in the Province of Cagliari, the Nuraghe of Sant' Antine in the Provincia of Sassari and the Arrubiu Nuraghe in the Province of Nuoro.
		Another characteristic of the Nuragic civilisation are the burial chambers known as the "Tombe dei giganti" (Giants' Tombs).
	www.hellosardinia.com /eng/archeologia.htm (199 words)

	Sardinja (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The sensation I felt was very intense: I felt myself projected in a far away world to which I felt I belonged.
		Since he was a child – he told me – he felt the burning desire to find out more about that lost civilisation, and he loved to listen to the anecdotes and the legends old people used to narrate sitting on the doorstep during sunny afternoons or in the warm summer evenings.
		Hi passion for discoveries often pushed him to explore places difficult to access; sometimes they were blocked by big rocks on which he used to lye and listen to their voices that brought him back to past civilisations.
	www.sardinja.it /personage.html (529 words)

	Costarey.net - Sardinia: history and traditions
		From 2700 b.C. on, the Ozieri culture disappeared leaving the territory progressively to the Nuragic civilization that separated Sardinia from the cultural movements active at those times in the Mediterranean area.
		The Nuragic people were basically warriors and lived in classes: the plebe (shepherds, farmers, craftsmen), the priests, and the nobility made of rich land owners.
		The Nuragic people were also skilful architects and manufacturers: they left many splendid bronzes, small bronze statues of men, animals and objects as characteristic decorative or "ex-voto" statues.
	www.costarey.net /english_sardegna.html (1940 words)

	Metals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The processing of non-precious metals in Sardinia dates back to the era of the Nuragic civilisation and derives from the remarkable bounty of these metals underground.
		The processing of bronze, dating back to the Nuragic era, tended to be used in the past in the manufacture of household goods, tools, arms and particularly artistic sculptures.
		At the present time several artisan foundries are operational; they work from a matrix of wax or wood, applying both old and new techniques and methods.
	www.regione.sardegna.it /isola/inglese/metalli/metalli.htm (819 words)

	Adventure Travel in Italy - Mustgo.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The island is also scattered with the remnants of Nuragic settlements, built by a unique civilisation that was overpowered and eventually destroyed by the Roman invasions and colonisation from about 400 BC Detailed Description
		We are based in the town of Dorgali, which has a population of about 8000 and is a few kilometres from the coast.
		This is also the site of probably the last inhabited Nuragic village, a poignant reminder of the fragility of ancient civilisations at the hands of invading forces.
	www.mustgo.com /mg2.nsf/20CE3ED9ED0AA5CD80256998005D9A9D/EB845760A9F0AE0A80256B18005F28E7?OpenDocument (530 words)

	StoriaEng1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In this period, the way of life of the Sardinians bettered sensibly and not only because of the so-called "Neolitic Revolution" with the introduction of agricolture and farming, but also because the island was the centre of heavy traffic in the commerce of Obsidian, of which Mt. Arci (Oristano) was rich.
		From then on the cultural development, being renewed by continuous contacts with the more progressive populations of the east Mediterranean, brought about the great phenomenon of the nuragic civilisation.
		It is to this period that the classic antique writers refer, when they tell legends of the origins of the aborigenal population present at the moment of the conquest by Cartharginians and Romans.
	www.sardiniatarget.com /StoriaEng1.htm (204 words)

	On the trail of the ancient people of Sardinia. 5/5
		During the last centuries of the nuragic civilisation, along the coast of the Island the Phoenicians founded their first colonies: Sulci, today's Sant'Antioco, Karalis on the site of the current capital of Sardinia, Nora and Bithia not far from Cagliari and Tharros in the Province of Oristano.
		But there is a monument that most synthesizes the course of populations and civilisations, the continuity, despite some differences, of Sardinian culture: the "Temple of Antas", not far from Fluminimaggiore.
		The pronaos of the Roman renovation has four columns that support a frieze on which can be seen a Latin dedication to Sardus Pater, the traditional God of ancient Sardinia, that the various Punic epigraphs found in this lace identify as the Punic God called Sid.
	www.sarnow.com /sardinia/orme5.htm (435 words)

	History of Sardinia - TheBestLinks.com - Nuragic civilisation, Catalan, Italy, Iberian Peninsula, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		History of Sardinia - TheBestLinks.com - Nuragic civilisation, Catalan, Italy, Iberian Peninsula,...
		Nuragic civilisation, History of Sardinia, Catalan, Italy, Iberian Peninsula...
		In 1979 human remains were found that were dated 150,000 BC.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Nuragic_civilisation.html (291 words)

	TOUR OF THE NURAGHY AND LUNCH WITH THE SHEPHERDS
		Nuragic civilisation hold a special fascination for everybody who comes in Sardinia.
		This excursion will show you the most attractive Nuraghi of the Marghine.
		It is composed by: a nuraghe, a nuragic village and three ancient graves called “Tombe dei gigantic” (the graves of the giants).
	www.esedrasardegna.it /Tour_of_the_Nuraghy.htm (194 words)

	From
		Theories abound as to why it disappeared, from Atlantis being hit by a cataclysmic natural disaster to Greek mythology which describes the civilization as being so corrupted by greed and power that it was destroyed by God.
		But ancient cities and civilizations in the Mediterranean region, such as the Minoan civilization of Crete, have disappeared as a result of major volcanic eruptions and earthquakes.
		The lack of ancient civilization in most of the area was dismissed by Allen with the claim that an Andean temple is a "sacred landscape".
	anthropology.tamu.edu /downloads/AtlantisHoax.htm (7772 words)

	sardinia hiking (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The coast reveals impressive cliffs diving in the blue waters and coves that are among the most beautiful in the Mediterranean Sea.
		Time stays still with the uniqueness of the landscape, the lack of roads, the ancient traditions of secluded people, and the remnants of the lost "nuragic" civilisation scattered over the land.
		Globalisation is finding a hard way to get in here.
	www.guidestarmountain.com /english/sardinia/strek.htm (303 words)

	bronzes,ivories,jades and netsuke books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		1954.7 plates described,plus introduction and essay on the Nuragic Civilisation.£5.
		The bronze ritual vessel, the defining artifact of early Chinese civilization, is the subject of this monumental study of Shang ritual bronzes in the Arthur M. Sackler Collections.
		A comprehensive introduction, the most thorough treatment of Shang bronzes in any language, lays the foundation for 104 catalogue entries, many of which explore in greater detail specific problems in casting technology, epigraphy, vessel typology, and provincial bronze styles.
	www.sculpturebooks.btinternet.co.uk /btsculpture/ubronzes.htm (4817 words)

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