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Topic: Nurrungar

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	PM - Inside Nurrungar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		During the cold war Nurrungar was one of America's most important military facilities, but it was also believed to be one of Russia's top ten nuclear targets.
		MATT COLEMAN: Total secrecy about Nurrungar remained until 1984 when the Government revealed it was a ground station for a network of American spy satellites which detected nuclear detonations and missile launches.
		While Australia's peace and anti-nuclear movement will be glad to see Nurrungar closed, the decision is causing considerable uncertainty in the nearby town of Woomera, where two-thirds of the town's twelve hundred residents have a direct connection with the base.
	www.abc.net.au /pm/stories/s52512.htm (896 words)

	Nurrungar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Nurrungar is a former Joint Defence Facility used for space surveillance and is now available for new applications.
		It was operated jointly by the Australian Department of Defence and the United States Air Force for providing early warning of missile launches and nuclear detonations using US Defense Support Program satellites in geostationary orbit.
		The Nurrungar site is on the edge of Island Lagoon, approximately 15 km south of Woomera Village.
	www.woomera.com.au /range/nurrungar.htm (139 words)

	Untitled3
		Nurrungar is a United States Air Force-commanded military base situated near Woomera township, 500 kilometres north of Adelaide in the South Australian desert.
		The Closing Down Sale was a theatrical and colourful public auction of the base, followed by a mass entry into the Nurrungar Prohibited Area (a zone of land, containing the base, to which public access was denied) with the intent of "reclaiming the base for socially useful purposes".
		At the conclusion of the Peace Protest and Desert Festival, on the Monday, the remainder of SPAG travelled down from Nurrungar to Port Augusta, and sent a deputation to the police station where the bail resisters were being held.
	home.vtown.com.au /~jmcnicol/NvT/53/2.html (4847 words)

	SIGHTINGS:
		Nurrungar was established in 1971 as a US military communications base.
		Greater attention was given to Nurrungar, said Middleton, because the DSP operations could be portrayed as defensive by giving early warning of Iraqi SCUD missile launches against Israeli and Saudi/US targets.
		Nurrungar also played an offensive role by giving data on activities in the Gulf area that allowed the Western alliance to target its massive bombing raids.
	www.rense.com /political/pipeline.htm (1355 words)

	BLUE PAPER PROJECT — PAPERS FROM THE MEDICAL ASSOCIATION FOR PREVENTION OF WAR (MAPW)
		The US facility at Nurrungar, 500 km north-west of Adelaide, was established in 1971 as a US military communications base.
		Nurrungar received data from Defence Support Program (DSP) satellites which monitor missile launches and nuclear explosions and relayed this information to the United States.
		Nurrungar was the command and control station for DSP-East - the satellites located over the Indian Ocean to detect missile launches and nuclear explosions in Europe, Africa, the Middle East, the states of the former Soviet Union and Asia.
	anti-bases.org /blue_paper/mapw4_closepinegap.htm (885 words)

	Green Left - Peace protest planned at Nurrungar
		Nurrungar is a US Star Wars base near Woomera in South Australia's far north.
		If we do not end the leases on Nurrungar and Pine Gap in 1998, Australia will be bound to the foreign policy whim of every US president for the next 10-20 years.
		The establishment of the Woomera Prohibited Area in 1947, for a rocket range and nuclear testing, was a key factor in the dispossession of Aboriginal land.
	www.greenleft.org.au /1993/88/4597 (532 words)

	[No title]
		Nurrungar - Theory in Magnificent Practice The period of 23 September to 1 October, 1989 saw one of the best coordinated peace actions against the bases in Australia for years.
		Yet, essentially, the removal of the fence at Nurrungar was objectively the same action as the removal of the Berlin wall.
		The Nurrungar campaign has not ended, the Peace Camp of 27 September to 1 October was a giant, well organised step forward to closing the base.
	home.vtown.com.au /~jmcnicol@vtown.com.au/NvT/15/15.4.txt (3098 words)

	Space Today Online - Spaceports Around the World - Australia
		The rocket testing range and the Nurrungar communications station are prohibited areas managed by the Defence Department.
		Nurrungar is a Joint Defense Space Communications Station, one of three shared bases in Australia.
		Nurrungar is a relic of the Cold War in which it served as an early-warning system against a massive Soviet nuclear attack.
	www.spacetoday.org /Rockets/Spaceports/Australia.html (1420 words)

	Nuclear Issues - Nurrungar
		Nurrungar is a US military communications base in South Australia's north.
		Nurrungar denies the Kokatha access to their land, acting further to fragment and sever cultural ties with their land.
		As it operates under a 'national security' veil of secrecy Australia is rarely aware of its involvement in conflict and war, despite it being a high priority target if the US were involved in nuclear warfare.
	www.green.net.au /humpsnotdumps/nurungar.htm (190 words)

	Australian Parliamentary Library - Research Paper 8 1997-98
		The deployment of troops at Nurrungar could be seen as falling into the Quick and Garran category of the Commonwealth acting to protect its own interests and property.
		Alternatively, it could be argued that the Nurrungar deployment is legally based on provisions of two pieces of defence legislation.
		Nurrungar is a prohibited area under the Act.
	www.aph.gov.au /library/pubs/rp/1997-98/98rp08.htm (16342 words)

	Australian Anti-Bases Campaign Coalition - Campaigns
		The US facility at Nurrungar, 500 km north-west of Adelaide, was established in 1971 as a US military communications base.
		Nurrungar received data from Defence Support Program (DSP) satellites which monitor missile launches and nuclear explosions and relayed this information to the United States.
		Nurrungar was the command and control station for DSP-East - the satellites located over the Indian Ocean to detect missile launches and nuclear explosions in Europe, Africa, the Middle East, the states of the former Soviet Union and Asia.
	www.anti-bases.org /~campaigns/ReduceMilitarySpending/MAPW_papers.htm (2716 words)

	Spy base tightens Canberra's US ties - 16 Feb 2007 - Defence News - NZ Herald (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Until 1999 the US also operated the Joint Defence Facility at Nurrungar, near Woomera in Outback South Australia, which during the Cold War was the only station capable of monitoring any first-strike missile launches by the former Soviet Union.
		Nurrungar was one of the USSR's highest-priority nuclear targets, a threat confirmed in top-secret US intelligence threat assessments declassified several years ago.
		Both Pine Gap and Nurrungar were used to select and find targets for US bombers in the Vietnam War and to warn of Scud missile launchings during the 1991 Gulf War.
	www.nzherald.co.nz /category/story.cfm?c_id=32&objectid=10424252 (536 words)

	Why journalists cannot be trusted with their country’s secrets
		Nurrungar was a US listening base and was absolutely essential in preventing a sneak Soviet nuclear attack against the US.
		Yet despite her shocking record as a pro-Soviet toady Zubrycki went out of his way to withhold these facts from his readers in order to convey the impression that Caldicott was merely an independent activist with no ideological ties to the Soviet Union.
		In September 1989 hundreds of peace-loving thugs stormed the Nurrungar base with the aim of destroying its vital link in the democracies’ defence network.* The real irony here is that as the assault was taking place the Soviet empire was rapidly disintegrating.
	www.brookesnews.com /061202stewart.html (1493 words)

	Manning the Donut Hole
		Nurrungar, an aboriginal term for "listen," serves as a space-age listening post with a space-based surveillance system.
		Which means Nurrungar is pretty darn good at assessing data timely and accurately.
		Facilities like the dorms, which are closer to what Air Force has planned for the rest of its bases in the year 2020, and space-age technology monitoring the world's most sophisticated satellites, contrast with the vast, barren, untamed Australian outback where it is located.
	www.af.mil /news/airman/1296/spaceop.htm (2121 words)

	7.30 Report - 7/7/1999: Woomera residents face uncertain future after US military pulls out
		Nurrungar was opened by the American Air Force in 1971 as an early-warning system in the South Australian outback.
		Over the years, Nurrungar and Pine Gap, near Alice Springs, have attracted violent protests from those opposed to the bases.
		But now the Americans are going home and as they close Nurrungar, there are fears it could also be the end of the nearby township of Woomera.
	www.abc.net.au /7.30/stories/s34392.htm (1143 words)

	The Guardian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Nurrungar base was the scene of many demonstrations.
		The first real sign of change in the roles of Nurrungar and Pine Gap came in 1996 when new radomes (golf ball type buildings) were built at Pine Gap.
		The closure of Nurrungar is sweet and sour.
	www.cpa.org.au /garchve1/977nurr.html (444 words)

	Oz Base Nurrungar Closed (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The decision to close Nurrungar was reported to be made largely for technological reasons.
		The equipment at Nurrungar was developed in the 1960s, but more modern technology allows data analysis to be done back in the United States.
		The relocation of the Nurrungar spy base in South Australia to Pine Gap would mean that Australian analysts would no longer be working closely with their US counterparts.
	www.virtuallystrange.net /ufo/updates/1999/oct/m12-012.shtml (414 words)

	JDFN Closure 301430ZSEP99 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Nurrungar itself stood as an island in the vast and lonely Outback.
		While "Nurrungar" is aboriginal for "to listen", what operators at the JDFN did most was watch.
		Data System Supervisors (DSS), who stared at snowy computer screens for over 15 million minutes, were allowed to distract their watchful gaze for but 10 seconds at a time.
	homepages.picknowl.com.au /windsors/JDFN/Farewell.html (406 words)

	PMag v02n5p08 -- Disarmament Campaigns
		PND, recently under attack by a parliamentary official as a "communist front organization," believes the Nurrungar facility is being prepared for a new role in the SDI/S tar Wars strategy.
		NDP has proposed that Nurrungar, and other U.S. communications bases in Australia, be turned into part of an International Satellite Monitoring Authority (ISMA) which could help monitor a comprehensive test ban.
		The Nurrungar base, opened in 1971, is considered a "joint facility" by Australian Labour Party leaders.
	www.peacemagazine.org /archive/v02n5p08.htm (3527 words)

	AusEmade: Woomera Information and Attractions, South Australia (SA), Australia
		The range and joint facility at Nurrungar are prohibited areas.
		In November 1999 it was decided to establish a detention centre for illegal immigrants at Woomera.
		The former joint Australia/USA space satellite tracking station, which was located in the Nurrungar Prohibited Area, about 15 km south of Woomera.
	www.ausemade.com.au /sa/destination/w/woomera-attractions.htm (1013 words)

	Google Earth Community: Nurrungar - US Base in Australia
		Nurrungar started some time in the 70's and was a US Airforce monitoring station.
		The station you're talking about that was involved in the moon landings was called Island Lagoon, which is now completely demolished, but used to exist not far from Nurrungar on the edge of the salt lake.
		P.S. I think this satellite image must be reasonably old, from what I can see the domes are still there, but to my knowledge they were sold to private collectors a few years back.
	bbs.keyhole.com /ubb/showflat.php?Cat=&Board=EarthTourism&Number=60217 (293 words)

	USAF Oz Spy Base Up For Auction - Interested?
		The Joint Defence Facility spy base "Nurrungar" in South Australia [s31:22 e137:10] designed to analyse satellite data was closed on the 12 Oct 99.
		All Nurrungar spy base tasks were relocated to Pine Gap.
		Nurrungar was a USAF ground station for the US Defence Support Program (DSP).
	www.rense.com /ufo6/ufz.htm (913 words)

	Green Left - Issues: Nurrungar trial raises Nuremberg issue
		All these cases concerned activists who were arrested in the Nurrungar Prohibited Area (NPA), the outer region of the ``buffer zone'' around the base itself.
		These trials concerned people who entered the Nurrungar Prohibited Area but did not enter the land which constitutes an inner buffer around the base and which is actually owned by the Commonwealth.
		So the Commonwealth's claim to occupy the outer area of the Nurrungar Prohibited Area is open to challenge.
	www.greenleft.org.au /1994/136/10122 (747 words)

	Silent Partners - The Ukusa Agreement
		Nurrungar is also reported to have direct radio and submarine cable links with the US (Ball, 1980, p.
		IBM, TRW, Philco-Ford and Aerojet are heavily involved as contractors to Nurrungar.
		Known as a "Joint Defense Space Communications Station", Nurrungar station is inherently involved, to some extent at least, in the SDI programme (Ball, 1992, p.
	www.bibliotecapleyades.net /ciencia/echelon/echelon03.htm (3355 words)

	trackUFOsat
		There are two US satellite bases in Australia that are known to the public: the first is called Pine Gap and is located near Alice Springs in the Northern Territory, while the second, called Nurrungar, is in South Australia, five hundred kilometers north-west of Adelaide.
		The United States satellite station at Nurrungar is a ground station for the US Defence Support Program (DSP) whose geostationary satellites provide the US Air Force Space Command with its first warning of the launch of any nuclear missiles in the event of nuclear war.
		By ensuring fast and efficient crash retrieval such a tracking system would contribute to depriving the public of irrefutable evidence of the reality of UFOs, and facilitate the reverse engineering of recovered debris before anyone else got their hands on it.
	www.nicap.org /trackUFOsat.htm (3796 words)

	USAF opens Australian early warning post-20/10/1999-Flight International
		The new ground station is designed to handle the existing DSP system, which uses infrared and electro-optic sensors to warn of the launch of ballistic missiles, and the Space Based Infra-Red Surveillance system, which is under development.
		Under an agreement negotiated last year, Australian personnel formerly stationed at Nurrungar are to be transferred to the USA to work at the main DSP control facility at Buckley AFB in Colorado.
		The Nurrungar facility played a key role in the 1991 Gulf War as the main control station for DSP satellites positioned over the Middle East to provide early warning of Iraqi ballistic missile strikes.
	www.flightglobal.com /articles/1999/10/20/57320/usaf-opens-australian-early-warning-post.html (324 words)

	Nonviolence : An Introduction
		This view was strongly held by some activists at Nurrungar and at various forest, uranium and nuclear warship actions conducted during the past decade.
		At Nurrungar, this culminated in the use of army troops against the activists, which, in turn, resulted in public disquiet and heavy media coverage of the army presence.
		In contrast, other activists with a tactical committment to nonviolence have deliberately cultivated their relationship with the police (for various reasons) and considered this to be a valuable aspect of their campaign.
	www.nonviolenceinternational.net /seasia/whatis/book.php (8165 words)

	Augusta Georgia: technology@ugusta: U.S. missile detection base in Australia closes 10/13/99
		The joint Australia-U.S. Nurrungar base near Woomera, 280 miles north of Adelaide, played a key role for 29 years in monitoring missile launches.
		The base's functions have been transferred to another U.S. base in the central Australian desert, Pine Gap, and to a facility in Colorado, where six Australian officials will be posted.
		When the rocket base closed in the 1960s, Woomera relied on Nurrungar's workers to bolster its tiny economy and population, which now numbers about 1,200, many of them U.S. servicemen.
	chronicle.augusta.com /stories/101399/tec_124-8410.shtml (253 words)

	Asia Times Online :: Middle East News, Iraq, Iran current affairs
		This role was formerly performed by the US-Australian facility at Nurrungar, South Australia.
		Until its closure in 1999, Nurrungar was the only ground station capable of monitoring first-strike missile launches by the Soviet Union.
		Pine Gap and Nurrungar were crucial to the success of both US-led invasions of Iraq, providing early warning of Scud missile launches.
	www.atimes.com /atimes/Middle_East/IB22Ak10.html (1006 words)

	Early Warning Links Strengthened (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Minister said that there would be a seamless transfer from Nurrungar to the new Relay Ground Station (RGS) located at a second Joint Facility at Pine Gap, near Alice Springs in the Northern Territory.
		The Minister said that the men and women who had served at Nurrungar over the past 30 years deserved special thanks.
		Both units paraded together in a tribute to the spirit of cooperation that existed in their integrated operations at Nurrungar.
	www.minister.defence.gov.au /1999/30299.html (262 words)

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