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Topic: Nuskhuri

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	The Georgian Script
		The term "Khutsuri" arose in the 13th century and involved both Mrglovani and Nuskhuri as ecclesiastic scripts in opposition to Mkhedruli as a non-ecclesiastic script.
		Nuskhuri (Khutsuri) (with Mrglovani letters for capitalisation) is still used in the Georgian Orthodox Church.
		Parallel use of Mrglovani and Nuskhuri (Khutsuri) was common in 10th-11th centuries.
	www.ling.lu.se /education/homepages/georgian/DEMO/INTR3/IntroScript.html (1796 words)

	Georgian alphabet - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The inscriptions from Armaztsikhe were investigated by Pavle Ingorokva.
		The Nuskhuri ("minuscule") or Kutkhovani ("squared") script first appeared in the 9th century.
		Asomtavruli and Nuskhuri, collectively known as Khutsuri (ხუცური, or "church script"), were used together to write religious manuscripts, with the Asomtavruli serving as capital letters.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Georgian_alphabet (426 words)

	The Georgian Script
		The first inscriptions in Nuskhuri, or Nuskha-Khutsuri, date from 835; they are in the Sioni Church in At'eni near Gori, in eastern Georgia (Aleksidze 1983), and came into common use in the tent-eleventh centuries.
		There are 37 letters in both Mrglovani and Nuskhuri, and both alphabets are phonemic, which means that every phoneme (vowels and consonants) has its corresponding unique letter in the alphabet.
		There were some exceptions in Mrglovani and Nuskhuri writing, that are explained by influence from the Greek alphabet as the original model for the Georgian alphabet.
	webzone.imer.mah.se /projects/georgianV04/DEMO/GeoLINK/IntrScr2.html (1987 words)

	The History of Written Language
		These are inscriptions made on the Georgian church built in 430 by Petre Iberi in Juda desert (near Beth-lehem), and inscriptions on the Bolnisi Sioni temple in 495.
		In 1629 Georgian type was cast in moulds in Rome for the first time and it was then that in 1629 "Georgian-Italian Dictionary" and "Georgian alphabet with prayers", compiled by Stephano Paolini and Nikiphore Irbach (Cholokashvili) were printed.
		In 1705, in Moscow under the guidance of the King Archil II Nuskhuri and Khutsuri types were cast, in which "Davitni" was printed.
	members.tripod.com /ggdavid/georgia/language/bookhist.htm (418 words)

	Georgian Alphabet
		There are three types, or levels of development, of the Georgian alphabet: “Asomtavruli” (upper-case), “Nuskhuri” (lowercase), and “Mkhedruli” (secular).
		The oldest surviving examples of “Asomtavruli” are inscriptions found in Bolnisi on the stones of Sioni church (493) and an inscription on a church built in Palestine by Petre Ibery (433).
		The church used “Nuskhuri”, and “Mkhedruli” was used for secular affairs.
	www.geotc.net /lett_about_en.htm (210 words)

	2001-4-4-g
		The witness of it is great many relics and monuments that have survived not only in Georgia, but abroad as well, and the best proof of it is, that one of the existing 14 alphabets in the world is Georgian.
		Interestingly, the scripts created sequentially one after the other were used simultaneously throughout the centuries: Nuskhuri for ecclesiastic literature and Mkhedruli for the secular one.
		The Asomtavruli, Nuskhuri and, of course, Mkhedruli are used in Georgia until now.
	www.magtigsm.com /magazine/2001-4/2001-4-4.html (1135 words)

	Nuskhuri
		Nuskhuri is one of the topics in focus at Global Oneness.
		Nuskhuri: Encyclopedia II - Georgian alphabet - History of the alphabet
		Ideographic scripts (in which graphemes are ideograms representing concepts or ideas, rather than a specific word in a language), and pictographic scripts (in which the graphemes are iconic pictures) are not thought to be able to express all that can be communicated by language.
	www.experiencefestival.com /nuskhuri (700 words)

	Georgian Manuscripts - Ancient Georgian Manuscripts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		There are three stages of development of alphabet used in Georgian manuscripts (as well as in epigraphic monuments): Asomtavruli (majuscule), Nuskhuri (hieratic, miniscule) and Mkhedruli (secular).
		Asomtavruli and Nuskhuri scripts coexist in different manuscripts or, sometimes in different parts of the same manuscript.
		most of the manuscripts were written in Nuskhuri, while in the headings and beginnings of paragraphs were used Asomtavruli letters.
	www.manuscripts.ge /ge/man_history.asp (1026 words)

	[No title]
		The nuskhuri script was used since the IX century while early monuments of the civil writing belong to the XI century.
		Chronological consistency of study of the monuments from the graphical point of view has shown that transition from one stage of writing to another, due to the tendency towards cursive writing, is gradual.
		In one Four Gospels copy of the X century A-496 an ornamental line near the headpiece presents an inscription written in cinnabar by means of large stylized capital letters: painter Matthew.
	www.open.ge /art/treasure/oldgeo~1.htm (3987 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		The inscriptions from Armaztsikhe were investigated by Pavle Ingorokva.
		The Nuskhuri ("minuscule") or Kutkhovani ("squared") script first appeared in the ninth century.
		Asomtavruli and Nuskhuri, collectively known as Khutsuri (á®á£áªá£á á, or "church script"), were used together to write religious manuscripts, with the Asomtavruli serving as capital letters.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Georgian_alphabet (418 words)

	Georgian Unicode Fonts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Today Nuskhuri is used only for liturgical purposes.
		Nuskhuri developed from yet an older, inscriptional alphabet called Asomtavruli that was in use from the 5th to the 9th century.
		(Nuskhuri and Asomtavruli together are sometimes categorized as Khutsuri / ecclesiastical.) Asomtavruli occupies U+10A0 - U+10CF of the Georgian range.
	www.travelphrases.info /gallery/Fonts_Georgian.html (1698 words)

	Georgian Unicode Fonts
		Today Nuskhuri is used only for liturgical purposes.
		Nuskhuri developed from yet an older, inscriptional alphabet called Asomtavruli that was in use from the 5th to the 9th century.
		(Nuskhuri and Asomtavruli together are sometimes categorized as Khutsuri / ecclesiastical.) Asomtavruli occupies U+10A0 - U+10CF of the Georgian range.
	www.wazu.jp /gallery/Fonts_Georgian.html (1593 words)

	LaserGeorgian in Unicode
		The font includes the modern Georgian secular Mkhedruli alphabet, which is caseless, and the old Georgian ecclesiastical Khutsuri alphabet (both the lowercase Nuskhuri and uppercase Asomtavruli).
		The uppercase Asomtavruli (also called mrglovani) was in use from the fifth to the ninth century, after which it was gradually replaced by the lowercase Nuskhuri (sometimes spelled nusxa-xucuri and also known as kutxovani), used from the ninth to the eleventh century.
		The uppercase and lowercase alphabets are never used together, except occasionally the Asomtavruli is used as the initial letter of sentences or paragraphs.
	www.linguistsoftware.com /lgeou.htm (1373 words)

	Unicode 4.1.0
		It should be noted, however, that the 14 Coptic letters derived from Demotic, which had already been encoded in the Greek and Coptic block, are unchanged, and need to be included in any complete implementation of Coptic.
		Both Mkhedruli text and Nuskhuri text were represented using the character range U+10D0..U+10F8.
		Beginning with Unicode 4.1, Nuskhuri is separately represented using the new Georgian Supplement block, U+2D00..U+2D2F, and the characters in the range U+10D0..
	www.unicode.org /versions/Unicode4.1.0 (6390 words)

	Georgian Supplement - Test for Unicode support in Web browsers
		The Georgian Supplement range was introduced with version 4.1 of the Unicode Standard, and is located in Plane 0, the Basic Multilingual Plane.
		The characters in this range should be used for the ecclesiatical, cursive Nuskhuri script; for the secular, caseless Mkhedruli script, the characters in the Georgian range should be used.
		The characters that appear in the “Character” columns of the following table depend on the browser that you are using, the fonts installed on your computer, and the browser options you have chosen that determine the fonts used to display particular character sets, encodings or languages.
	www.alanwood.net /unicode/georgian-supplement.html (198 words)

	Georgian language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		In the chronicle "Kartlis Tskhovreba" (XVII cent.) Leonti Mroveli informes us that the Georgian script has been created in III cent.
		After a lot of changes and developments, it is presented in three sorts: Asomtavruli, Nuskhuri, Mkhedruli.
		The very first Georgian printed book has appeared in 1629.
	www.eka.fws1.com /language.htm (248 words)

	UAX #27: Unicode 3.1
		However, possibly owing to the influence of case forms in other alphabets, modern Georgian is occasionally written with uppercase capital letters.
		In this typographic departure, it is the Asomtavruli forms that serve to represent uppercase letters, while the lowercase is Mkhedruli or Nuskhuri.
		This usage parallels the evolution of the Latin alphabet, in which the original linear monumental style came to be considered uppercase, while manuscript styles of the same alphabet came to be represented as lowercase.
	www.unicode.org /reports/tr27/tr27-4.html (6007 words)

	Welcome to Linguist's Software
		The Khutsuri alphabet includes both the uppercase Asomtavruli and the lowercase Nuskhuri alphabets, the latter just recently added to the Unicode standard (Unicode 4.1.0).
		This sample shows all three alphabets (Mkhedruli, Nuskhuri, Asomtavruli).
		Be sure to see the larger font samples and keyboard layouts on the LaserGeorgianU product page.
	www.linguistsoftware.com (3465 words)

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