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Topic: Nusselt number

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Biot number

Dimensionless number

Sherwood number

Grashof number

Heat transfer

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Peclet number

Deborah number

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Transport phenomena

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	AE/ME Lab -- Spring 2005
		This page is a reformated version of the Nusselt Number uncertainty analysis example that Dr. Daniel Cole constructed for the ME 370 course when he taught it in the Fall of 1996.
		Define the functional relationship for the Nusselt number.
		Define the relationship for the uncertainty in the Nusselt number.
	www.clarkson.edu /class/maelab/resources/maple/nusselt.html (120 words)

	Heat transfer coefficient - NewMars
		The Nusselt Number of a thermal interface is a dimensionless analog of the heat transfer coefficient.
		However, the Nusselt number can be found using empirical relations for the interface’s materials and geometry as well, and then used to derive the heat transfer coefficient.
		Nusselt Number equations for various systems are simply fitted to experimental data, and there is not necessarily any correspondence between them.
	www.newmars.com /wiki/index.php/Heat_transfer_coefficient (354 words)

	OhioLINK ETD: SUBRAMANIAN, RAJKUMAR
		At very low Peclet number the steady state Nusselt number is close to the conduction limit of 6.6 and increases to reach a limiting value for high Peclet number.
		The steady state Nusselt number for a combined electrically induced and translational flow is substantially greater than that for purely translational flow.
		Furthermore, for a drop moving at intermediate Reynolds number, the steady state Nusselt number is slightly greater than the corresponding Nusselt number for a purely electric field driven motion in a suspended drop.
	www.ohiolink.edu /etd/view.cgi?ucin1108851150 (412 words)

	MMA Memo 203 Forced Air Cooling at High Altitude
		Using the Re number calculated in the average Nu number formulae, the results are shown in Figure 3.
		The characteristic length of a cylinder perpendicular to the flow is its diameter.
		For a characteristic length of 0.02 m, the Re number is reduced by 50 times that for a characteristic length of 1 m,.
	www.alma.nrao.edu /memos/html-memos/alma203/memo203.html (1935 words)

	AERADE
		ESDU 93018 presents Nusselt number data in laminar flow for conditions of either uniform wall temperature or uniform heat flux in fully-developed flow, flow that is thermally-developing (where the heated section is preceded by an isothermal length exceeding the hydrodynamic entry length), and flow that is developing simultaneously both thermally and hydrodynamically.
		Nusselt number data are given for buoyancy-assisted flow in vertical tubes (heated upflow and cooled downflow) and for buoyancy-opposed flow.
		For transitional flow an interpolation function in Nusselt number is suggested to be used between the limiting values in laminar and turbulent flow at Reynolds numbers (based on tube diameter) of 2000 and 8000 respectively.
	aerade.cranfield.ac.uk /subject-listing/esdu/ES128.html (1502 words)

	Nusselt number - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Nusselt number is a dimensionless number that measures the enhancement of heat transfer from a surface that occurs in a 'real' situation, compared to the heat transferred if just conduction occurred.
		For a local Nusselt number, one may evaluate the significant length scale at the point of interest.
		The mass transfer analog of the Nusselt number is the Sherwood number.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nusselt_number (256 words)

	The Nusselt Number
		The traditional dimensionless from of h is the Nusselt number Nu, which may be defined as the ratio of convection heat transfer to fluid conduction heat transfer under the same conditions.
		A Nusselt number of order unity would indicate a sluggish motion little more effective than pure fluid conduction: for example, laminar flow in a long pipe.
		A large Nusselt number means very efficient convection: For example, turbulent pipe flow yields Nu of order 100 to 1000.
	www.jhu.edu /~virtlab/heat/nusselt/nusselt.htm (194 words)

	ANS : Store : Electronic Articles
		Second, the Nusselt number was calculated for the case of a transverse magnetic field acting on the fluid.
		Third, the Nusselt number was calculated for the case of a transverse magnetic field and a gravity field acting on the fluid.
		It was found that the Nusselt number is not sensitive to application of a gravity field and is sensitive to application of a transverse magnetic field and it decreases when a transverse magnetic field is applied.
	www.ans.org /store/index.cgi?i=E100000-fst-37-2-103-109 (218 words)

	Dictionary of Technical Terms for Aerospace Use - N
		Nondimensional numbers involving several variables often are interpreted as estimates of characteristics velocity ratios, force ratios, heat transfer ratios, frequency ratios, etc. Usually several different ratio interpretations are possible and useful for the same number.
		The atomic number Z of the element indicates the number of protons in the nucleus.
		The mass number A of the element is the sum of the protons and neutrons.
	roland.lerc.nasa.gov /~dglover/dictionary/n.html (3654 words)

	Laminar Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in Channels
		The average Nusselt number Nu in the fully developed region is computed to be 7.35 for the case of constant surface temperature and 7.93 for the case of the constant heat flux.
		The second objective of this numerical procedure was to obtain the value of the average Nusselt number for the cases of constant surface temperature and heat flux.
		The average Nusselt numbers given here are 7.35 for the case of the constant surface temperature and 7.93 for the case of constant surface heat flux.
	www.nuc.berkeley.edu /thyd/ne161/soyumi/channel.html (2203 words)

	introd
		The Nusselt number is a dimensionless heat transfer coefficient.
		It is a dimensionless number, which is a relationship between the fluid velocity, the characteristic length from the leading edge, and the fluid viscosity.
		The Prandlt number is the ratio of the fluid viscosity to the fluid thermal diffusivity.
	tardis.union.edu /~andersoa/postm/introd.html (584 words)

	Ocean 540: Convective Heat Transfer
		This temperature distribution is reflected in the velocity field, with sluggish flow at the boundaries and in the interiors of the two cells, strong downwelling at the side boundaries, and strong upwelling in the middle of the domain:
		The Nusselt number is the ratio of heat transferred from a convecting system compared to that which would be transferred by conduction alone.
		The Nusselt number is computed by integrating the heat flux through the upper surface of the convecting system.
	www2.ocean.washington.edu /oc540/lec02-8 (554 words)

	2003_February_calccorner (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Using these equations it is possible to estimate heat sink thermal performance in terms of the thermal resistance from the temperature at the base of the fins to the temperature of the air entering the fin passages.
		It may be noted that the relationship for Nusselt number (8) includes the effect of the temperature rise in the air as it flows through the fin passages.
		The effect of increasing the fin height and the number of fins is shown in Figure 2 for a constant air velocity and in Figure 3 for a constant volumetric flow rate.
	electronics-cooling.com /html/2003_february_calccorner.html (851 words)

	Songlin Zhu: Research3
		On the walls, all components of the velocity was zaro and the temperature was given by the measurements.
		Similar flow pattern was gotten at the selected Rayleigh number, but the magnitude of the velocity shown in the figure with a vector increased with the Rayleigh number.
		The average Nusselt numbers at different Rayleigh numbers are presented in table 1.
	www.duke.edu /~slzhu/research/cfd/lhre.html (479 words)

	IngentaConnect Fin placement for optimal forced convection heat transfer from a ...
		Purpose - The aim of this work is to determine the optimal number and location of the fin(s) for maximum laminar forced convection heat transfer from a cylinder with multiple high conductivity radial fins on its outer surface in cross-flow, i.e.
		Design/methodology/approach - The effect of several combinations of number of fins, fin height, and fin(s) tangential location on the average Nusselt number was studied over the range of Reynolds numbers (5-150).
		The optimal number and placement of the fins, for maximum Nusselt number, was determined for several combinations of Reynolds number and fin height.
	www.ingentaconnect.com /content/mcb/134/2005/00000015/00000003/art00003 (274 words)

	Cooling a Pentium 4 Processor Ch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		This Reynolds number was used along with the Prandtl number to calculate the Nusselt numbers for both the laminar and turbulent cases:
		Once the number of fins for the design is known the spacing between the plates can be found by dividing the length of the heat sink by the number of fins in the design.
		This Reynolds number was used along with the Prandtl number to calculate the Nusselt number using the Churchill and Bernstein approach:
	www.personal.psu.edu /jbp160/PentiumChip.htm (1586 words)

	[No title]
		The Ralleigh number is proportional to the amount of thermal energy in contact with the system scaled to the system' s characteristics, so it measures how active the system is and can be though of as the convective analog of the more famous Reynolds number used in flows.
		As this number is raised the flow goes from orderly circulation of fluid to chaotic and violent turbulence.
		The higher the Nusselt number the more heat that is transferred by convection as opposed to diffusion of radiation.
	www.clarkson.edu /honors/research/papers/Beechler-Brad.doc (775 words)

	NUSSELT NUMBER VARIATION IN MICROCHANNELS - Begell House Inc. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Nusselt number variation with the Knudsen number is given to show the effects of rarefaction on heat transfer.
		As the Knudsen number increases, the Nusselt number decreases for all geometries.
		A positive Brinkman number will increase the Nusselt number for a uniform temperature and decrease it for a uniform heat flux boundary condition.
	www.begellhouse.com /journals/1a37c0433d303e8b,5222bc7304b12bca,0dbbffcb33399e69.html (140 words)

	Dimensionless quantity - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Such a number is typically defined as a product or ratio of quantities which do have units, in such a way that all units cancel.
		When they attach that dimensionless number (the number of tick marks) to the units that the standard represents, they conceptually are referring to a dimensionful quantity.
		According to the Buckingham π-theorem of dimensional analysis, the functional dependence between a certain number (e.g., n) of variables can be reduced by the number (e.g., k) of independent dimensions occurring in those variables to give a set of p = n − k independent, dimensionless quantity.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dimensionless_number (982 words)

	1) Knudsen number
		dimensionless number which measures the enhancement of heat transfer from a surface which occurs in a 'real' situation, compared to the heat transfer that would be measured if only conduction could occur.
		dimensionless number approximating the ratio of momentum diffusivity and
		Schmidt number is proportional to { (kinetic viscosity) / (molecular diffusivity) } and is used in mass transfer in general and diffusion in flowing systems calculations in particular.
	www.ent.ohiou.edu /~hbwang/fluidynamics.htm (965 words)

	Free and Forced Convection
		Even though the cylinder is a simple geometric shape, the viscous flow of a fluid past a cylinder is complicated by the developing boundary layer flow around the cylinder or along its axis.
		The Nusselt number is based on the hot film diameter for forced convection and for free convection with the axis of the probe horizontal.
		In the case of free convection the free stream velocity is zero and the appropriate free convection parameter is the Grashof number,
	www.me.wustl.edu /ME/labs/thermal/me372b3.htm (1562 words)

	ME 354 - Forced Convection Flate Plate Experiment
		Note that the properties of the fluid are based on the film temperature and that the subscript x has been appended to the Nusselt number to emphasize that the interest here is in local conditions on the surface.
		For a uniform heat flux boundary condition on a flat plate exposed to forced convection flow, integral methods [1] may be used to determine the local Nusselt number for laminar flow.
		The primary objective of this exercise is to measure the local heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number for a heated flat plate experiencing forced convection cooling.
	www2.latech.edu /~hhegab/pages/me354/Lab7/Lab6_flatplate_99.htm (1251 words)

	MixedFlowPlate
		where k is the fluid conductivity and X is the characteristic dimension used in the Nusselt and Reynolds number calculations.
		There is a relationship between the freestream turbulence of the incoming fluid and the critical Reynold's number.
		In these cases, you need to calculate the Reynolds number (based on the distance from the leading edge) along the plate and constantly compare it to the critical ReN (say it's 500,000).
	myweb.wit.edu /leod1/MECH594/mixedflowplate.html (606 words)

	Old Meetings: CHT97
		The available Nusselt correlations in literature involve 2D natural convection between vertical plates, subjected to either symmetric, uniform heat flux or uniform wall temperature as can be seen in Figure 1.
		The higher Nusselt number at the entrance is due to entrance effects.
		Near the exit region the Nusselt number increases again, because of the exponential increase in the heat, released in the windings near the top.
	www.ichmt.org /abstracts/CHT-97/session10.html (2549 words)

	Solitary-wave Solution of Turbulence with Application to Benard Convection by Tsuge, Ishibasi and Nakagawa
		The mean temperature distribution is calculated, and thereby the Nusselt number is determined as a function of the Rayleigh number.
		Included are the temperature profiles at three different Rayleigh numbers and for the Prandtl number corresponding to the water.
		Fig.5: The Nusselt number against the Rayleigh number (Nu;the nondimensional heat transfer) calculated using (17) and plotted against the Rayleigh number (Ra;the nondimensional temperature difference between walls) on the original figure from ref.5.
	www.ca-homes.com /science/tsuge-1.htm (1001 words)

	Theoretical Developments of Condensation
		One should be cautious as the Nusselt number increases because this implies a higher vapor and film flow with accompanying film turbulence, not accounted for in these models.
		The friction factor and Stanton number are correlated by
		A condensate film Reynolds number of 100 was used as a critical threshold value for wave formation.
	wins.engr.wisc.edu /teaching/mpfBook/chapter9/node3.html (2147 words)

	ME315 Thermal Systems Lab
		To determine the heat transfer coefficient between a cylinder and an air stream normal to the cylinder.
		To verify the Nusselt-Reynolds number semi-empirical relation for a cylinder (ref. Holman, Heat Transfer, p.
		If the Biot number is small, it satisfies the lump-heat-capacity model and its temperature change with time is expected to be (show derivation in your report similar to that in Experiment 1):
	www.calstatela.edu /faculty/cwu/me315/me315ex3.htm (405 words)

	ETBX Convection Heat Transfer Coefficient Module
		For laminar flow conditions and constant heat flux conditions on the pipe surface the Nusselt number is computed using equation (3).
		For turbulent flow the Nusselt number is computed using equation (12a), (12b), or (12c); the selection of equation depends on the thermal boundary conditions on the surface of the annulus.
		The outputs are Reynolds number, flow regime and heat transfer coefficient.
	www.engrasp.com /doc/etb/mod/fht1/convcoeff/convcoeff_help.html (372 words)

	thermal design of electronics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		where Nu is the Nusselt Number, Re is the Reynolds Number, and Pr is the Prandtl Number.
		The Nusselt Number is a dimensionless form of the heat transfer coefficient (h), given by
		Following my Nusselt Number argument, that could lead to an increase in component temperature rise as much as 7.8%, or about 2 degrees C, in your example.
	www.coolingzone.com /Guest/News/NL_NOV_2001/Tony/Nov_2001_TK.html (2052 words)

	2000_Sep_a4 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Biot number, given as Bi = h · t/k, can be used to assess the validity of the isothermal assumption in the baseplate or the support cylinder of the heat sink.
		The Nusselt number is calculated as a function of the Elenbaas Rayleigh number, a dimensionless buoyancy-driven flow parameter defined as:
		The resulting composite equation for Nusselt number was based on heat sink geometry, fluid properties and four fitting parameters to smoothly integrate the limiting solutions and to plate overcome inherent "abnormalities" in the solution procedure.
	www.electronics-cooling.com /html/2000_sep_a4.html (1950 words)

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