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Topic: Nyarubuye Massacre

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	Nyarubuye massacre - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Massacre at a Rwandan Church in Nyarubuye, 1994
		The Nyarubuye massacre is the name given to the killing of an estimated 20,000 civilians on April 15-April 16, 1994 at the Nyarubuye Roman Catholic Church in Kibungo Province, 140 km (60 miles) east of the Rwandan capital Kigali.
		The massacre was part of the April-June 1994 Rwandan Genocide in which an estimated 937,000 people have died.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nyarubuye_massacre (208 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Programmes \| Panorama \| Massacre at Nyarubuye church
		Nyarubuye church was the scene of a notorious massacre
		He says he was not at Nyarubuye but was involved in attacks elsewhere in the area in which thousands of Tutsis died.
		At Nyarubuye church Silas carried a large impiri, a club studded with nails which he used to beat a Tutsi woman to death.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/programmes/panorama/3582267.stm (1216 words)

	Court convicts 18 of genocide crimes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		They were convicted for having taken part in the killing of an estimated 20,000 civilians at the Nyarubuye Roman Catholic Church in the province of Kibungo, 140 km east of the capital, Kigali.
		The trial was held at a makeshift court in the Rukira sector, neighbouring Nyarubuye.
		About half of the accused confessed to having participated in the Nyarubuye church attack but the outcome of the trial failed to appease some of the survivors of the attacks.
	www.irinnews.org /print.asp?ReportID=38204 (442 words)

	Frontline: The Rwandan Girl Who Refused to Die
		She was 13 and her family had been killed in a massacre carried out by Hutu soldiers and a militiamen a few weeks before in the nearby parish of Nyarubuye.
		The church that had been the focal point of the massacre had been cleaned up, the bodies removed and placed in a series of rooms nearby.
		The were aware that elsewhere in the country massacres of Tutsis had already begun.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/rwanda/reports/refuse.html (1581 words)

	www.hirondelle.org : ICTR - Sylvestre Gacumbitsi, former mayor
		The prosecution maintains that there were massacres of more than 20,000 people at Nyarubuye Parish on the 15th of April, 1994, carried out on the orders of the genocide suspect.
		Nyarubuye parish was the scene, in mid-April 1994, of massive massacres led, according to the prosecution, by the accused.
		He instead blamed the massacres on, “persons who arrived from other communes with a pre-established plan to loot, kill, rape and thereafter return to their locality.” He mentioned Rukira commune as one of these localities.
	www.hirondelle.org /hirondelle.nsf/caefd9edd48f5826c12564cf004f793d/fff16c06c5750099c1256a720037aa32?OpenDocument (13546 words)

	Nyarubuye Massacre - One Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Nyarubuye Massacre is the name given to the killing of an estimated 20,000 civilians at the Nyarubuye Roman Catholic Church in the province of Kibungo, 140 km (60m) east of the Rwandan capital, Kigali.
		The massacre took place on 15 and April 16 1994.
		The attack was part of the April-June 1994 Rwandan Genocide in which up to 800,000 people are estimated to have died.
	www.onelang.com /encyclopedia/index.php/Nyarubuye_Massacre (202 words)

	UN Tribunal
		The accused is charged of five counts, which include genocide, or in the alternative complicity in genocide, extermination, murder and rape as crimes against humanity in relation with massacres of Tutsis perpetrated in several locations in his commune.
		Concerning the Nyarubuye massacres, which took place on April 15, 1994, the defence suggested to her that the bodies she discovered in August 1994 were to be attributed to the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF).
		Evoking the responsibility of the accused in the massacres, witness TBI said that Gacumbitsi had told a group of forty people to kill Tutsis and to slaughter their cows.
	www.arushatimes.co.tz /2003/36/un_tribunal.htm (1361 words)

	Nyarubuye massacre (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Nyarubuye massacre is the name given to the killing of an estimated 20,000 civilians at the Nyarubuye Roman Catholic Church and took place on April 15-April 16 1994 in the province of Kibungo, 140 km (60 miles) east of the Rwandan capital Kigali.
		Men, women and children were reported to have been killed indiscriminately, with the attackers alledgedly using spears, machetes, clubs, hand grenades and automatic weapons.
		It is licensed under the GNU free documentation license.
	www.ufaqs.com /wiki/en/ny/Nyarubuye%20massacre.htm (174 words)

	Gacambitsi Judgement en
		While the refugees were being massacred with machetes, guns and grenades, she and some others fled towards the presbytery.
		He testified that the victims of the massacres were targeted for ideological reasons, and not because they belonged to a particular ethnic group.
		That Witness TAQ did not testify that she saw the Accused at Nyarubuye Parish on 16 April 1994 is not such as to cast doubt on her testimony.
	69.94.11.53 /ENGLISH/cases/Gachumbitsi/judgement/IIc.htm (8896 words)

	We Wish To Inform You, Chapter 1
		That was why I had felt compelled to come to Nyarubuye: to be stuck with them--not with their experience, but with the experience of looking at them.
		Considering the enormity of the task, it is tempting to play with theories of collective madness, mob mania, a fever of hatred erupted into a mass crime of passion, and to imagine the blind orgy of the mob, with each member killing one or two people.
		The dead had seen their killers training as militias in the weeks before the end, and it was well known that they were training to kill Tutsis; it was announced on the radio, it was in the newspapers, people spoke of it openly.
	www.la.wayne.edu /polisci/kdk/Comparative/SOURCES/gourevitch1.htm (2910 words)

	Rwandan Genocide - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Rwandan Genocide (French: Génocide au Rwanda) was the massacre of an estimated 800,000 to 1,071,000 ethnic Tutsis and moderate Hutus in Rwanda, mostly carried out by two extremist Hutu militia groups, the Interahamwe and the Impuzamugambi, during a period of about 100 days from April 6th through mid-July 1994.
		The Rwandan Genocide stands out as significant, not only because of the sheer number of people massacred in such a short period of time, but also because of how inadequately the United Nations (particularly, its Western members such as the United States, France and the United Kingdom) responded.
		"Either you took part in the massacres or you were massacred yourself," said one Hutu, rationalizing an ambivalent mixture of regret, fear, and shame at being forced to kill Tutsis.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Rwandan_Genocide (6645 words)

	Hutu and Tutsi Ask: Is a Unified Rwanda Possible?
		She is the only member of her family to survive the massacres in her village in April 1994.
		Wellars Rwagasore, a 45-year-old farmer in Nyarubuye district, in the east, did not vote only for members of his own ethnic group, the Tutsi.
		Bits of leg bone, a child's sandal poke out from the rubble in two rooms on the church grounds in Nyarubuye, where 10,000 were killed.
	www.globalpolicy.org /security/issues/rwanda9.htm (1398 words)

	frontline: ghosts of rwanda: interviews: fergal keane \| PBS
		And the other very striking thing was after witnessing the aftermath of one massacre in particular, we would find ourselves driving along the road, and there might be, in the distance, a pile of rags or a bit of wood, but your mind had become attuned to the site of bodies.
		We drove to Nyarubuye with Frank Ndore who was an RPF lieutenant, and one what they call a Kaadogo, a child soldier.
		The man that was accused of leading the slaughter at Nyarubuye was a man hand-picked by the president.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/ghosts/interviews/keane.html (4674 words)

	The beautiful land of death \| Special Reports \| Guardian Unlimited Books
		A year after the killing, I flew to Nyarubuye in a UN helicopter, low over the hills in the morning mists, with the banana trees like green starbursts dense over the slopes.
		That was why I had felt compelled to come to Nyarubuye: to be stuck with them - not with their experience, but with the experience of looking at them.
		The dead had seen their killers training as militias, and it was well-known that they were training to kill Tutsis; it was announced on the radio and in the newspapers.
	books.guardian.co.uk /specialreports/firstbook/story/0,,109753,00.html (2483 words)

	Court jails 18 over Rwanda massacre (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The 18 were convicted of supervising the massacre by Hutu militia and civilians of 20,000 Tutsis who had taken refuge in a church complex in Nyarubuye.
		The Nyarubuye massacre was one of the worst single atrocities.
		In September 1999, a former Nyarubuye counsellor, Isaie Karamage was found guilty of genocide, in the only other trial inside Rwanda focusing principally on the slaughter at the church.
	www.theage.com.au - !http: //www.theage.com.au/articles/2003/12/03/1070351617865.html (324 words)

	Young Witness to Rwanda Massacre - New York Times
		For weeks, Valentina, a wounded 13-year-old, lay among the dead in the church where Tutsi villagers of Nyarubuye had sought refuge from their Hutu neighbors.
		Keane is sardonic about a belated visit to Valentina's stricken village by Boutros Boutros-Ghali, who was then the United Nations Secretary General: ''Boutros-Ghali spent 18 minutes at Nyarubuye and told the people to be brave.'' He did not meet any of the surviving children.
		Keane says, the West ''insured the comfort of the killers from places like Nyarubuye.'' But he offers no alternative to the effort to succor the refugees, masses of whom are seen moving in search of safety.
	query.nytimes.com /gst/fullpage.html?res=9B07E7DD1E3AF932A35757C0A961958260 (596 words)

	Tina Susman: The Genocide
		Once upon a time, the Nyarubuye Parish was a hidden piece of paradise high in the hills near the Tanzanian border, a complex of cool brick and clay buildings surrounded by banana trees and wildflowers.
		A report of a new massacre was received in the capital on Tuesday.
		Many have seen their families massacred and wander silently in the yard, fingering pink plastic crucifixes given to them by the orphanage, which gets donations from the Red Cross and Father Vito's Roman Catholic order in Italy.
	www.tinasusman.com /tina_susman/2006/10/the_genocide.html (3405 words)

	GENERAL
		These methodical massacres were only the amplification of killings at Kibirira nearly four years before, when killing had first been qualified as the public obligation of umuganda.
		Many of these massacres took place in communities where large numbers of Tutsi had been killed during the genocide, and then were carried out with the encouragement and direction of Tutsi survivors.
		None of the killers involved in these massacres have been brought to trial or condemned and several persons accused of the assassination of Ndadaye remain in high civilian and military positions in the current government.
	hrw.org /reports/1995/communal (20294 words)

	afrol News - Rwanda ex-mayor gets 30 years for genocide
		The ex-mayor of Rusomo was held personally responsible for the worst genocidal event taking place in his commune, and also one of the worst incidents during the 100-day genocide in Rwanda, where a total of 900,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus are estimated to have been slaughtered.
		This was the massacre at Nyarubuye church in Rusomo.
		On 15 April 1994, at Nyarubuye church, the elected leader of the community "personally killed a Tutsi and gave the signal to start the killings, thereby inciting the population to attack Tutsis taking refuge among the thousands of people at the church," the Arusha court found.
	www.afrol.com /articles/13395 (752 words)

	Warlord jailed for Tutsi slaughter - World - www.theage.com.au
		It was one of the worst incidents of genocide in the small East African nation's bloody tribal massacres 10 years ago.
		He had urged them to seek refuge in and around the Nyarubuye Church in the Rusomo district of eastern Rwanda where he held the office of mayor but was also the ruthless regional warlord.
		A young woman, who was 20 at the time of the massacre, said she had been hiding when Gacumbitsi drove past with some armed men.
	www.theage.com.au /articles/2004/06/18/1087245103297.html?from=storylhs (292 words)

	June 2004 News Monitor - Prevent Genocide International
		The recent massacre, or, even genocide against the people of Yelwa-Shendam in Shendam Local Government Area of the state was the straw that truncated democracy in the state and the appointment of undemocratic administrator, Major-General Chris Alli (rtd) into the state.
		Although, the third tier government, that is, the local government administration that gave a semblance of psuedo- democracy in the state is still in place, observers believed that such could not be held as a weapon to defend the democratic institutions that suffered tremendously in the wake of the state of emergency.
		In early May, Christian militia massacred hundreds of Muslims in the remote farming town of Yelwa, sparking revenge riots in Kano, where hundreds of Christians were hacked and burned to death in two days of mayhem.
	www.preventgenocide.org /prevent/news-monitor/2004june.htm (19125 words)

	Nyarubuye massacre
		The story describes a violent episode during Colonial America, and the history was written by a descendant of massacre victims, not a historian.
		Describes the celebration by Israeli extremist settlers of the massacre of Muslim worshipers by Baruch Goldstein, while dressed in costume to emulate the murderer.
		Observations on the massacre, committed by an extremist Israeli settler, and suggesting that its treatment in the United States press as compared to other incidents suggests anti-Muslim bias.
	www.omniknow.com /common/wiki.php?in=en&term=Nyarubuye_Massacre (1329 words)

	Dateline ACT
		The massacre was triggered by a mysterious plane crash in April 1994 killing the then president, Juvenal Habyarimana.
		Militias subsequently rampaged the country till the Tutsi rebels from the Rwanda Patriotic Front (RPF) seized power in the summer of 1994 and formed a Tutsi led government.
		Every day he returns to Nyarubuye, the place were his wife and child were killed.
	www.act-intl.org /news/dt_nr_2000/dtrwanda0100.html (859 words)

	Iwacu Online - A Digital Home For All Then People Around the World
		ARUSHA 28 January 2002 (Internews) Contrary to common belief, the "real" victims of the 1994 Rwandan tragedy were the ethnic Hutu, not the ethnic Tutsi, the first defense expert witness in the trial for genocide suspect Laurent Semanza, a former Rwandan mayor, today told the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) when the trial resumed.
		The expert witness added that "at the Nyarubuye church, it was not Tutsis who were killed by the Interahamwe militia and FAR (Rwanda Armed Forces) for ethnic reasons, they were old men, old women and children who were killed indiscriminately by those who wanted to seize power by force."
		According to Ndengejeho, the 1990 RPF invasion made some opposition parties align themselves to the RPF in the belief that the it was fighting for democracy and the return of the refugees.
	www.iwacu1.com /ictr/2002/01/28_Semanza_trial.html (726 words)

	www.hirondelle.org : The ICTR on-line - files - jul/aug/sept 2003
		Ndindabahizi’s co-counsel, Guillaume Marçais from France, asked CGL why she had taken the risk of going to the market whereas she was a Tutsi woman and a target of the Intarahamwe.The witness responded that she did not have the physical looks of a Tutsi though she was one.
		In the course of the rare moments that she testified in open session, AS was very vague on the presumed role of Nsengiyumva in the massacres despite being pressed by the defence for clarification.
		He is accused of organizing, inciting and supervising massacres, including making public calls for the killing of Tutsis in general and certain individuals in particular.
	www.hirondelle.org /hirondelle.nsf/caefd9edd48f5826c12564cf004f793d/c34dcf77a50c32a0c1256ddb00401ea7?OpenDocument (18051 words)

	Center for Holocaust, Genocide & Peace Studies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		This is a good web site to get information on why the conflict started and the events that led up to the 1994 massacre of the Tutsis.
		However, there is no information on what happened during the massacre.
		The first part of this page is more for people who know a little about the genocide -- it make references to Nyarubuye and the church.
	www.unr.edu /chgps/rwanda.html (291 words)

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