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	Nyiragongo, Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaire)
		Nyiragongo is associated with the East African Rift and is part of the Virunga Volcanic Chain.
		The town of Goma is 11 miles (18 km) south of the summit of Nyiragongo and on the shore of Lake Kivu.
		From June 1982 to early 1982 the volcano was active with a lava lake in the crater and phreatic explosions and lava fountaining.
	volcano.und.nodak.edu /vwdocs/volc_images/africa/nyiragongo.html (1124 words)

	EO Natural Hazards: Nyiragongo Volcano Erupts in the Congo
		Mount Nyiragongo, located in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, erupted today (January 17, 2002), ejecting a large cloud of smoke and ash high into the sky and spewing lava down three sides of the volcano.
		Mount Nyiragongo is located roughly 10 km (6 miles) north of the town of Goma, near the Congo?s border with Rwanda.
		Nyiragongo eruptions are extremely hazardous because the lava tends to be very fluid and travels down the slopes of the volcano quickly.
	earthobservatory.nasa.gov /NaturalHazards/natural_hazards_v2.php3?img_id=1608 (310 words)

	Gone with the wind \| Science \| Guardian Unlimited
		Mount Nyiragongo is one of Africa's most active volcanoes, and has been active since it was first described in 1894.
		But Nyiragongo is best known for having produced the fastest lava flows recorded - 60kmh according to some estimates - in 1977, when the lava lake spilled out through a new crack in the side of the volcano.
		In 1994, Nyiragongo was in the news again, when there were fears that that eruption, confined to the crater, could produce lava flows that would reach the camps for refugees escaping from the war and genocide in neighbouring Rwanda.
	www.guardian.co.uk /science/story/0,3605,641764,00.html (796 words)

	Mount Nyiragongo - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Nyiragongo and nearby Nyamuragira are together responsible for 40% of Africa's historical volcanic eruptions.
		Nyiragongo's lavas are made of melilite nephelinite, an alkali-rich type of volcanic rock whose unusual chemical composition may be a factor in the unusual fluidity of the lavas there.
		Lava lakes reformed in the crater in eruptions in 1982-1983 and 1994.
	arikah.com /encyclopedia/Mount_Nyiragongo (903 words)

	NOVA \| Volcano Under the City \| Anatomy of Nyiragongo (non-Flash) \| PBS
		Nyiragongo is considered one of the most dangerous volcanoes in the world because of its particularly fast-moving lava, which can flow more than 60 miles per hour.
		Nyiragongo is notorious for releasing large amounts of sulfur dioxide through its many vents.
		Nyiragongo has a complex system of fissures, which extend from its summit crater all the way down to the city of Goma on its lower flanks.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/nova/volcanocity/anat-nf.html (736 words)

	AWF: Nyiragongo Volcano Erupting Near Gorilla Park
		The volcano is spewing a steady flow of lava, over a mile wide, into Rwanda, and has devastated the eastern town of Goma in the Democratic Republic of Congo, which lies directly at the foot of the exploding volcano.
		The Nyiragongo volcano is one of eight on the borders of Rwanda, the Democratic Republic of Congo and Uganda, a region dense with tropical forests and home to rare mountain gorillas.
		The last major eruption from Nyiragongo occurred on January 10, 1977 having rapid lava speeds of up to 60 km per hour and covered a span of 20 sq.
	www.awf.org /content/headline/detail/1146 (351 words)

	people, culture, & environment
		Nyiragongo had a lava lake in the central crater from 1927 through 1977, when an enormous flank eruption emptied the lake.
		Nyiragongo and Nyamlagira are the active members of the Virunga chain, while the others are dormant.
		Constant eruptions of Nyiragongo and Nyamlagira make life around them precarious, yet people continue to live nearby because of the richness of the volcanic soils that cover the slopes and valleys between the volcanoes.
	www.cotf.edu /ete/modules/mgorilla/mgvolcanoes.html (417 words)

	Nyiragongo Volcano - Democratic Republic of Congo
		I traveled to central Africa where I was part of an expedition to visit and photograph the rarely visited Nyiragongo volcano in the Democratic Republic of Congo.
		Nyiragongo is one of only 3 volcanoes in the world to contain a permanent lava lake in it's crater and it is one of the most breathtaking sights on the planet.
		We managed to get out of the country just days before the border was closed due to their first elections in 45 years.
	www.stormchaser.ca /Nyiragongo/Nyiragongo.html (323 words)

	Nyiragongo Volcano
		Nyiragongo was first studied for its permanent lava lake.
		Nyiragongo was difficult for volcanologists to reach because of bureaucratic reasons, and political situations (Tazieff, 1994).
		Nyiragongo poses many potential hazards other than lava flows, such as Mazukus (“evil winds” in Swahili), which are low-lying locations with dry CO2 vents, volcanic ash, phreatomagmatic eruptions from the high water table, earthquakes, and the possibility of the degassing of Lake Kivu (Lockwood, 1994).
	www.geo.arizona.edu /geo5xx/geos577/projects/kayzar/html/nyiragongo_volcano.html (329 words)

	Nyiragongo, Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaire)
		One of Africa's most notable volcanoes, Nyiragongo contained a lava lake in its deep summit crater that was active for half a century before draining catastrophically through its outer flanks in 1977.
		In contrast to the low profile of its neighboring shield volcano, Nyamuragira, 3470-m-high Nyiragongo displays the steep slopes of a stratovolcano.
		Two older stratovolcanoes, Baruta and Shaheru, are partially overlapped by Nyiragongo on the north and south.
	volcano.und.edu /vwdocs/current_volcs/gongo/nyiragongo.html (537 words)

	Nyiragongo Volcano - John Seach
		A major eruption began at Nyiragongo Volcano on Thursday 17th January 2002 with lava flows
		Nyiragongo is one of eight volcanoes in the Virunga volcanic field.
		The summit is 2000 m above the level of Lake Kivu.
	www.volcanolive.com /nyiragongo.html (128 words)

	BBC News \| SCI/TECH \| Congo volcano: The facts
		Mount Nyiragongo in the Democratic Republic of Congo is one of Africa's most active volcanoes.
		Nyiragongo was last active in 1994, when a lava lake reappeared in its summit crater.
		Nyiragongo, and nearby Nyamuragira, are the two active volcanoes among the eight volcanoes in Rwanda, the Democratic Republic of Congo and Uganda.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/sci/tech/1768321.stm (450 words)

	Nyiragongo - Some background Information
		The town of Goma is situated less than 10km from Nyiragongo, and is in the path of the volcano.
		Nyiragongo is clearly marked, as is her sister, Nyamuragira.
		It immediately became obvious that Nyiragongo was, as a volcano, hazardous in the extreme.
	www.vulkaner.no /v/volcan/virunga/nyira-bkgnd.html (908 words)

	CNN.com - Congo volcano devastation mounts - January 18, 2002
		The Nyiragongo volcano is one of eight on the borders of Rwanda, the Democratic Republic of Congo and Uganda.
		In 1977, up to 2,000 people died when a 1,000 metre-wide lake of lava burst through fissures in Nyiragongo's flanks at 60 km (40 miles) an hour, which experts said was the fastest lava flow on record.
		Nyiragongo was last active in 1994, when a lava lake in its crater reappeared, casting an orange light onto clouds at night.
	archives.cnn.com /2002/WORLD/africa/01/18/drcongo.volcano/index.html (827 words)

	Science
		Many wild animals in the forests around Congo's Nyiragongo volcano are likely to be harmed by the torrent of lava, ash and sulfurous gas pouring from the crater, wildlife experts said on January 19.
		Nyiragongo is one of eight volcanoes on the borders of Rwanda, the Democratic Republic of Congo and Uganda, a region dense with tropical forests and famously home to rare mountain gorillas.
		However the gorillas inhabit only the slopes of the six dormant volcanoes, and experts said they should be safe from direct impact from the destruction inflicted by Nyiragongo on the town of Goma (east of Congo) and nearby forest.
	www.khorsheed.com /pages/02_sci_e_kongo.html (194 words)

	Methane gas. Kivu lake
		On January 17 2002 a series of fractures opened on Nyiragongo's (3470 m) upper southern flanks triggering drainage of magma stored in the crater lava lake, conduit and edifice and the emission of turbulent flows of highly fluid pahoehoe lava.
		Tectonic rift-related seismicity with epicenters trending NE-SW between Nyiragongo and Idjwi island has remained at very elevated levels since 2002, as evidenced by the largest earthquake in 20 years which occurred October 24 6.2 Mb earthquake localized on a normal rift fault 40 km SW of Goma.
		As detected by sudden major rise in the lake level, this eruption was also remarkably associated with perhaps up to 0,6-1 m of ground subsidence in the Goma area along the axis of the rift and thus aligned with the newly formed fractures.
	perso.orange.fr /mhalb/kivu/eg/eg_4f_risquevolcanique.htm (417 words)

	Catalog Page for PIA03340
		The Nyiragongo volcano in the Congo erupted on January 17, 2002, and subsequently sent streams of lava into the city of Goma on the north shore of Lake Kivu.
		Nyiragongo is the steep volcano to the lower right of center, Lake Kivu is at the bottom, and the city of Goma is located along the northeast shore(bottom center).
		Goma, Lake Kivu, Nyiragongo, Nyamuragira and other nearby volcanoes sit within the East African Rift Valley, a zone where tectonic processes are cracking, stretching, and lowering the Earth's crust.
	photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov /catalog/PIA03340 (610 words)

	Visible Earth: Nyiragongo Volcano Erupts in the Congo (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Mount Nyiragongo, located in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, erupted on January 17, 2002, ejecting a large cloud of smoke and ash high into the sky and spewing lava down three sides of the volcano.
		Nyiragongo is an active stratovolcano situated on the Eastern African Rift; it is part of Africa’s Virunga Volcanic Chain.
		In a massive eruption that occurred on January 17, 2002, Nyiragongo sent a vast plume of smoke and ash skyward, and three swifly-moving rivers of lava streaming down its western and eastern flanks.
	visibleearth.nasa.gov /view_rec.php?id=17605 (429 words)

	Earth Science Picture of the Day
		Nyiragongo, one of Africa's most dangerous volcanoes, erupted last week spewing molten lava down it flanks and into the city of Goma.
		Nyiragongo lies near the border of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Rwanda.
		Nyiragongo is part of the Virunga Volcanic Chain (the most active in Africa), and it's associated with the East African Rift Zone.
	epod.usra.edu /archive/epodviewer.php3?oid=83808 (186 words)

	City fears return of 50mph river of fire \| Special reports \| Guardian Unlimited
		Mount Nyiragongo is undergoing a "feeding episode" which appears to have started on November 10, according to the Goma Volcano Observatory, an international monitoring group based in the city.
		It is the sixth time since 1972 that Mount Nyiragongo has been recorded feeding from its 15 mile-deep magma core, a phenomenon which results in important rises in the lava lake but do not systematically trigger eruptions, the observatory says.
		Host to the biggest of the world's three lava lakes, Mount Nyiragongo sits in the Virunga mountains, which are on the border between Rwanda and the North Kivu province of the Democratic Republic of Congo.
	www.guardian.co.uk /congo/story/0,12292,1356454,00.html (735 words)

	Mount Nyiragongo Information
		Lava lake in the crater of Mount Nyiragongo
		Not much is known about how long the volcano has been erupting, but since 1883, it has erupted at least 15 times, including many periods where activity was continuous for years at a time, often in the form of a churning lava lake in the crater.
		The volcano partly overlaps with two older volcanoes, Baratu and Shaheru, and is also surrounded by hundreds of small volcanic cones from flank eruptions.
	www.bookrags.com /Mount_Nyiragongo (792 words)

	GEO-3: GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT OUTLOOK
		The most conspicuous and widely reported manifestation of this vulnerability is when people are affected suddenly and violently by natural hazards such as the eruption of Mount Nyiragongo resulting in the devastation of the town of Goma in the Democratic Republic of Congo (see box).
		The environmental factors that contribute to human vulnerability, however, are both varied and variable, and are not limited to disaster events; they span the whole sustainable development spectrum.
		The eruption of Nyiragongo on 17 January 2002 affected an area already beset by years of civil conflict, which had severely diminished people's coping strategies.
	www.unep.org /GEO/geo3/english/498.htm (808 words)

	EO Natural Hazards: Nyiragongo Volcano Erupts in the Congo
		A river of molten rock poured from the Nyiragongo volcano in the Democratic Republic of the Congo on January 18, 2002, a day after it erupted, killing dozens, swallowing buildings and forcing hundreds of thousands to flee the town of Goma.
		One of Africa's most notable volcanoes, Nyiragongo contained an active lava lake in its deep summit crater that drained catastrophically through its outer flanks in 1977.
		In this scene, the Nyiragongo volcano itself is covered by clouds, but Goma is visible to the south, situated on the northern shore of Lake Kivu.
	earthobservatory.nasa.gov /NaturalHazards/natural_hazards_v2.php3?img_id=1615 (225 words)

	Nyiragongo -- Could it happen here?
		At dawn on January 17, 2002, the residents of Goma, a city of 500,000 along the eastern border of the Republic of Congo, awoke to glowing red skies and falling ash.
		Because of the extremely high speeds of the 1977 lava flows, estimated by some observers to peak at 100 km/hr (62 mph) on Nyiragongo's steep upper slopes, the death toll from the 1977 eruption was staggering.
		Moreover, Nyiragongo is prone to radial fissures that can open suddenly on its lower slopes.
	hvo.wr.usgs.gov /volcanowatch/2002/02_01_31.html (817 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| International \| Volcanoes and violence
		But although tourists soon flocked to Etna's slopes, Nyiragongo's only visitors were humanitarian relief workers -- while hundreds of thousands of inhabitants fled the city and its environs.
		Nevertheless, despite the widespread catastrophe, Nyiragongo's eruption is a double-edged sword.
		The crisis at Nyiragongo brought Congo's civil strife and regional African politics to light, and focused international attention on the Blantyre meeting.
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /2002/570/in7.htm (2264 words)

	Scotland on Sunday - Volcano’s rising lava increases fears for town in Congo
		Vulcanologists said the danger was that the increasing pressure of the rising lava would force a breach in the flanks of the mountain, not that the lava would overflow the rim of the 1.2km-wide crater.
		They said the molten rock had risen rapidly inside Nyiragongo in the last two weeks, but it was difficult to assess the risk in the notoriously unpredictable mountain.
		Nyiragongo destroyed much of Goma in January in Africa’s most destructive volcanic eruption in the past 25 years.
	scotlandonsunday.scotsman.com /index.cfm?id=813692002 (592 words)

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