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Topic: Nymphalini

	Evolutionary dynamics of insect host plant range: a case study of the butterfly tribe Nymphalini (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		I present a hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships within the Nymphalini, and show that all taxa near the root of this tribe are specialists on the plant family Urticaceae and relatives.
		Experimental attempts to establish newly hatched larvae on non-hosts used by related species suggest that ancestral host plants often are retained as part of a "potential" host plant range of larvae, a fact which may explain both the conservatism and evolutionary dynamics in the host plant range of ovipositing females.
		Comparisons between species and populations in the tribe Nymphalini suggest that constraints on the gathering and processing of information are likely to be factors of general importance driving the evolution of specialization.
	shum.cc.huji.ac.il /~por/icz_xviii/abstracts/Nylin.html (286 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Diversity begets diversity: host expansions and the diversification of plant-feeding ...
		More detailed phylogenetic studies have also revealed a more dynamic pattern of host use than the more large-scale assessments suggested, probably because many of the host colonizations seemed to involve a limited set of plant groups – "building blocks" of host plant range that can be combined in different ways [12,40-43].
		Phylogenetic reconstructions within the butterfly tribe Nymphalini have suggested that more radical host shifts were more common during periods of host range expansion, and that this diversification of host use appeared to be connected to increased speciation rates [12,44], but the sample sizes were too small to draw any general conclusions.
		We have previously shown that diverse host plant use within the tribe Nymphalini was typically caused by ancestral polyphagy, which may or may not have secondarily evolved into more specialized interactions [12].
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2148/6/4 (5669 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Focussing on the evolution of both male and female nuptial colouration in gasterosteid (stickleback) fishes, I will outline a five step research program designed to integrate information from those patterns with information about process uncovered by experimental investigation.
		Evolutionary dynamics of insect host plant range: a case study of the butterfly tribe Nymphalini Sören Nylin, Department of Zoology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
		The host plant range in the lineage leading to P. c-album was evidently later broadened to include other plant families, and this historical sequence of events seems to have consequences for the host plant preferences observed today.
	shum.cc.huji.ac.il /~por/icz_xviii/abstracts/Brooks.txt (843 words)

	Journal of The Lepidopterists' Society (JLS): 1989-43(2)81-Shapiro.htm
		There are no studies known to us of the heredity of any of these loci in Nymphalini, and we made the usual assumption by treating elec-tromorphs as alleles.
		Thorpe's rule of thumb for species status is inappropriate for Pierini but may be appropriate in Nymphalini and various other butterflies; time (and more studies) will tell.
		On the other hand, Nymphalini seem to be more normal animals elec-trophoretically than Pierini are, that is, more labile, at least to judge by our work.
	research.yale.edu /peabody/jls/htms/1980s/1989-43(2)81-Shapiro.htm (3235 words)

	Eyeshine and spectral tuning of long wavelength-sensitive rhodopsins: no evidence for red-sensitive photoreceptors ...
		relationship between Nymphalini LW opsin genotype and phenotype
		Log-reflectance spectra for all five Nymphalini species we examined
		Nymphalini eyeshine state, whereas the distinctive blue eyeshine
	jeb.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/208/4/687 (4940 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Nymphalini butterflies provide an opportunity for identifying some of the amino acid substitutions responsible for insect rhodopsin spectral tuning because the majority of photoreceptor cells (R3-9) in the adult retina express only a single long wavelength-sensitive (LWS) opsin mRNA transcript.
		Therefore, the opsin genotype can be directly correlated with its phenotype.
		This suggests that spectral tuning mechanisms employing the S138A may have evolved in parallel in mammalian and butterfly MWS/LWS rhodopsins across 500 million years of evolution.
	visiongene.bio.uci.edu /ABJEB051.html (292 words)

	Rosales
		Some genera related to Cecropia are trees with stout stems, deeply lobed or compound leaves, densely spicate inflorescences, and stamens that are not explosive.
		It has been suggested that caterpillars of Nymphalini butterflies have a plesiomorphic association with Urticaceae as food plants (Janz et al.
		Groups of cells in the vascular tissue may be unlignified and the pericyclic sheath may also be late in lignifying.
	www.mobot.org /MOBOT/Research/APweb/orders/rosalesweb.htm (5158 words)

	[No title]
		Individual genera of Lepidoptera include some in which all or almost all the species have the same chromosome number.
		Thus about fifteen species of Papilio have n = 30, only a few having other numbers such as n = 27 or 31 (Maeki and Remington 1960a), almost all members of the tribe Nymphalini have n = 31 and all members of the Limenitini have n = 30 (Maeki and Remington 196lb).
		On the other hand we have many genera and tribes of Lepidoptera in which extreme variations in chromosome number occur.
	biol1.bio.nagoya-u.ac.jp:8001 /~hori/73WhiteMJD.html (1784 words)

	IngentaConnect Phylogenetic relationships and historical biogeography of tribes ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		We are also able to identify ‘rogue’ taxa whose positions are weakly supported (the different gene regions are in conflict with each other) and unstable.
		Our main conclusions are: (1) the tribe Coeini as currently constituted is untenable, and Smyrna, Colobura and Tigridia are part of Nymphalini; (2) ‘Kallimini’ is paraphyletic with regard to Melitaeini and should be split into three tribes: Kallimini s.s.
		, Junoniini and Victorinini; (3) Junoniini, Victorinini, Melitaeini and the newly circumscribed Nymphalini are strongly supported monophyletic groups, and (4) Precis and Junonia are not synonymous or even sister groups.
	www.ingentaconnect.com /content/bsc/bij/2005/00000086/00000002/art00007 (422 words)

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