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Topic: OEEC

In the News (Tue 29 Dec 09)

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Hugh Jackman

	Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
		The founding principles of the OEEC were based on the idea that the economic systems of member countries are interrelated and that the prosperity of each individual country is based on the prosperity of all.
		The OEEC continued to operate long after the Marshall Plan had ended and in a way was the victim of its own success.
		The United States and Canada joined the OEEC as full members in 1960 and on September 30, 1961, the OEEC ceased to exist and the OECD was born.
	www.referenceforbusiness.com /encyclopedia/Oli-Per/Organisation-for-Economic-Co-operation-and-Development.html (998 words)

	Document relatifs aux relations extérieures du Canada
		The original proposals of the British to streamline the Organization and to cut OEEC staff and expenditures by 50% was regarded as evidence of this lack of interest.
		Notwithstanding all their shortcomings, the trade liberalization programme of the OEEC and the European Payments Union could be regarded as the principal monuments to the validity of the basic OEEC approach to European integration.
		All that Draper said, or implied, was that it would be a good thing for the OEEC countries to expose their economic expectations and plans and to have them confronted by those of their partners.
	www.dfait-maeci.gc.ca /department/history/dcer/details-fr.asp?intRefid=4383 (2506 words)

	MPIfG Working Paper 03/8, Armin Schäfer: Stabilizing Postwar Europe: Aligning Domestic and International Goals
		Marshall Aid and the OEEC pushed the IMF decisively to the sidelines long before the kind of economic order it was supposed to govern ever came into existence in Europe.
		The OEEC had been established in response to American demands and was considered by the U.S. as a channel through which to influence European politics.
		Harry Travers was an official of the OEEC from 1948 to 1961 and of the OECD from 1961 to 1982.
	www.mpifg.de /pu/workpap/wp03-8/wp03-8.html (13403 words)

	Documents on Canadian External Relations (DCER) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The purpose of the meeting was to exchange views on the policy of OEEC in relation to the revision of the general agreement.
		With regard to the permanent period it was agreed OEEC in Paris should proceed to consider whether member countries should limit themselves, in their code, to non-discrimination in their trade with one another or should extend the benefits to all contracting parties.
		It was agreed that until the OEEC Ministers, at their meeting in January, had given clear instructions regarding the long-term trade rules there could be no common OEEC line in the GATT and that countries would have to act on their own initiative.
	dfait-maeci.gc.ca /department/history/dcer/details-en.asp?intRefid=842 (1102 words)

	Module 3: Integration and Cooperation in Europe
		The stagnation of economic reconstruction in the immediate postwar years generated fears that economic hardship would lead to the spread of communism in Western Europe and prompted the United States to offer aid, soon known as the Marshall Plan, on condition that the Europeans coordinated their efforts in a European organization.
		Nevertheless, the OEEC made an important contribution to the economic reconstruction or postwar Europe; under its auspices, member countries were able to study the feasibility of a customs union and a free trade area.
		In the 1960s, the OEEC's membership expanded beyond the borders of Europe, and the body was renamed the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).
	www.unc.edu /depts/tam/poli115/module3/mod3text4b.htm (820 words)

	Organisation for European Economic Co-operation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The OEEC declined after 1952 due to the unexpected end of the Marshall Plan and a subsequent shift in favour of NATO.
		The debate on using NATO in lieu of the OEEC as the preferred vehicle for economic aid began.
		The military threat had given Atlanticists the idea of utilising the OEEC and its committees, teams of experts and statistical output, with a view to promoting the alliance's rearmament while controlling the difficult problems of inflation and allocation of raw materials.
	www.oecd.org /document/48/0,2340,en_2649_201185_1876912_1_1_1_1,00.html (1356 words)

	OEEC 2004 home page
		This annual conference is a forum for graduate and upper-level undergraduate students to present research in a constructive and friendly atmosphere (small, 150-200 registrants) and for faculty to recruit promising young students.
		Although originally conceived as a venue to present research in ecology and behaviour, OEEC has since broadened to include such diverse topics as evolution, genetics, psychology, conservation and environmental science.
		This year, OEEC will be held on 10-12 May 2004 at the Mississauga campus of the University of Toronto.
	www.utm.utoronto.ca /~w3oeec (156 words)

	HISTORICAL EVENTS - 1945—1949 The pioneering phase - The beginning of the Cold War - The United States - The Marshall ...
		OEEC report on the economic recovery programme in the United Kingdom (30 December 1948)
		OEEC progress report on the economic recovery programme in the Benelux countries (30 December 1948)
		OEEC progress report on the economic recovery programme in Austria (Paris, 30 December 1948)
	www.ena.lu /europe/pioneering/belgium-signs-oeec-charter-paris-1948.htm (371 words)

	Truman Library - Sir Frank Figgures Oral History Interview
		In OEEC we were less cut and dried because we were the sinners.
		I think the most important thing was that we did develop techniques and habits of confrontation of policy, of self-criticism of policy by each other, to degrees which we never thought of before and which have now been developed into the structure of international life.
		You see, the OEEC was involved in long-range planning in its early years, not in its later years.
	www.trumanlibrary.org /oralhist/figgures.htm (5416 words)

	Truman Library - Giovanni Malagodi Oral History Interview
		I was sent at the end of August 1947, and I remained as an expert on the Italian delegation, first to the preparatory conference of '47, then to the actual OEEC from the end of August '47 to the month of May-June 1953.
		At OEEC, at a certain moment, I do not remember exactly when, but I think it was something like '49, I was also made chairman of the manpower committee, which I remained until 1953.
		We were not at OEEC entrusted with those negotiations, but we were obviously in very close contact with those that carried them on, and we all realized that this was a strong step in the same direction.
	www.trumanlibrary.org /oralhist/malagodi.htm (5834 words)

	Document relatifs aux relations extérieures du Canada (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		It is one thing to hope for the speedy end of OEEC (at least in its trade and payments manifestations) and a return to convertibility and the wider trading system in which GATT and IMF are the sole arbiters of trade and financial policy.
		Unless NATO were prepared to take over the economic functions of OEEC, this organization is likely to remain the main instrument for economic cooperation in the North Atlantic area for day to day decisions for as long as such a requirement exists.
		We agree with your assessment of the proposed OEEC study of anti-cyclical measures, as contained in paragraph 5 of your telegram 553.
	dfait-maeci.gc.ca /department/history/dcer/details-fr.asp?intRefid=4951 (1466 words)

	EU-History Hoffman Speech 3
		In particular they are almost certain to arise at the meetings of the consultative group of ministers of OEEC and of the Council of OTC at ministerial level which will take place in Paris at the end of this week.
		Begins: In preparation for the forthcoming meeting in Paris of OEEC Council of Ministers, the European Assembly and the consultative Council of the Brussels treaty, his Majesty governments have reviewed their general attitude towards proposals for closer European Union or unification which may be put forward.
		In accordance with these obligations, his Majesty's governments have participated fully in OEEC and other European bodies and have taken the lead in the collaboration of the practical steps which have been taken, notably the intra-European payments agreements and measures for liberalization of trade.
	www.eu-history.leidenuniv.nl /index.php3?m=&c=49 (2493 words)

	Geiger 4
		This had all been decided by the Europeans at their original conference in Paris in the summer of '47; and by April of '48 the OEEC had been set up and staffed and was operating.
		once the OEEC was established, each member country had to present a four-year recovery programme to the OEEC, and...
		The ECA then had to respond to that, and it did respond, and eventually an agreement was woout as to how much the first year was going to be.
	www.gwu.edu /~nsarchiv/coldwar/interviews/episode-3/geiger4.html (1419 words)

	[No title]
		We conclude that OEEC is apparently liable for a forfeiture in the amount of six thousand dollars ($6,000).
		In addition to seeking an STA for Station WNEU998, which was granted on March 15, 1998, OEEC filed applications on March 18, 1999 for consent to assign and transfer the license of Station WNEU998.
		In both instances, OEEC concedes that "by apparent oversight, no transfer application was filed with the Commission." Such inadvertence, however, does not establish a basis for relieving OEEC of its liability for failing to comply with statutory requirements and the Commission's rules.
	www.fcc.gov /ftp/Bureaus/Wireless/Orders/1999/da991905.txt (885 words)

	Documents on Canadian External Relations (DCER) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		As you know, the OEEC Working Party on Nuclear Energy in its report C(55) 305 of 15 December has put forward proposals for the establishment of a European nuclear energy administration under the aegis of OEEC.
		The U.K. has taken the line that any proposals should be carefully considered by the OEEC with a view to ensuring that non-participating countries are not harmed.
		The more traditional work of OEEC in the trade and payments field is still overshadowed by the adverse U.K. position and the difficulty for that country to take the lead.
	www.dfait-maeci.gc.ca /department/history/dcer/details-en.asp?intRefid=4948 (1793 words)

	EU-History Hoffman Speech 1
		M. Spaak and M. Schuman will be in London during the latter part of this week and it will be necessary to discuss with them our view regarding the structure of OEEC which is to be considered by a committee of ministers of nine countries in Paris in the middle of February.
		The customs union project is, as expected, turning out to be no talisman or open sesame but an unusually difficult and complex affair which would take many years to bring about, and could only indeed come to pass as part of a larger scheme.
		All the work of OEEC should pass through it to the Ministers (either the council or the smaller body).
	www.eu-history.leidenuniv.nl /index.php3?m=&c=47 (1578 words)

	Truman Library - Sir Edmund Hall-Patch Oral History Interview
		Sir Edmund was chairman of the executive committee of OEEC in 1948, and had been mentioned to me by a number of people as an important person to talk to.
		He emphasized that up until that time all the activities and policy decisions of the OEEC had been unanimous, since it was required in the basic organization of the OEEC that every decision had to have unanimous approval.
		Sir Edmund said that the first great test of the OEEC came in 1948 in the first division of aid; that sometimes that there were great difficulties in working out agreements, and that this was done sometimes on faith.
	www.trumanlibrary.org /oralhist/hallpatc.htm (4377 words)

	The Marshall Plan: Investment in Peace
		The OEEC quickly assembled a distinguished staff in Paris, arguably the most impressive assembly of economic and financial talent anywhere in the world.
		The OEEC never became a truly supranational authority of the sort that most Americans and many Europeans had in mind.
		Through the OEEC and the Council of Europe, through the European Payments Union and the Schuman Plan, this generation of American and European policy-makers also created an institutional framework that stood in lieu of a final peace settlement in the West.
	usinfo.state.gov /usa/infousa/facts/marshall/pam-blu.htm (5745 words)

	Truman Library - Sir Alexander Cairncross Oral History Interview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		That was a significant phase of the history of OEEC, because it was the first occasion of successful self-help among the European countries.
		But OEEC was different in the sense that anything OEEC said could be cited and governments could be bound by its pronouncements.
		Something ought to be done by the OEEC as a whole, to assist the government of Italy who were rather despondent at that time.
	www.bonus.com /contour/Truman_Kids/http@@/www.trumanlibrary.org/oralhist/cairna.htm (3980 words)

	Truman Library - Baron Jean-Charles Snoy Oral History Interview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		During the years of the Truman administration, was president of the Benelux Council, 1946-48; and chairman of the Council of the OEEC (Organization for European Economic Cooperation), 1948-50; and of Steering Board for Trade, OEEC, 1952.
		You will remember that when we tried to go ahead in OEEC [Organization for European Economic Cooperation], liberalizing trade and solving the balance of payments problems through our special multilateral payments system, the European Payments Union, there was a certain discrimination in favor of European intra-trade.
		SNOY: Everything in OEEC, I must say, was concentrated on Marshall aid and the division of aid during the first two years.
	www.bonus.com /contour/Truman_Kids/http@@/www.trumanlibrary.org/oralhist/snoy344.htm (2825 words)

	Survey
		The OEEC originally proposed that all funds provided for Germany would be on a loan basis, with no grant portion; the counterpart fund proposal for Germany was much smaller than for other countries at first, but once French resistance was overcome, a better compromise was reached.
		The OEEC concluded that Europe needed Germany as much as Germany needed Europe The American and British Occupation Zones (the Bizone) were first added to the OEEC; the French zone was included soon thereafter.
		The sectoral priorities set by the OEEC were mining, transport, manufacturing, food, housing, clothing and human necessities; these were closely mirrored in the division structure of the ECA.
	www.fortunecity.com /greenfield/lamprey/862/MARSHALL/survey.htm (3576 words)

	WHKMLA : History of the Early Cold War : OEEC
		The OEEC was founded in 1948 with the task to organize the distribution of MARSHALL PLAN AID.
		The OEEC did not pursue a policy of furtherreaching integration and soon found itself in the shadow of economic organisations such as the EEC (since 1957), EFTA (since 1960) and the COMECON, which was founded as Stalin's response to the OEEC in 1949.
		In 1961 the OEEC was renamed OECD; it extended its area of operation beyond Europe, now covering the entire globe.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/europe/oeec.html (334 words)

	THE EURO: History and Implications of the New Currency. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The OEEC (Organization for European Economic Cooperation) was in April 16 1948, as an institution supporting the Marshall Plan, and 16 countries participated on it.
		The fact that every OEEC decision had to be reached by unanimous vote shows the nature of coordination of that organization, where any country had the right of veto.
		The Marshall Aid and the OEEC were important to Europe because they constituted a lesson of how several countries can benefit at the same time from cooperation and coordination in economical issues.
	msoto.8m.com /estudios/euro/euro.html (16658 words)

	[No title]
		Notwithstanding these aggravating factors, we also recognize that OEEC voluntarily brought these matters to the Commission’s attention and this mitigates the amount of the forfeiture.
		The new rule is also applicable because OEEC requested Special Temporary Authority on March 5, 1999.
		OEEC is described as being a separate legal entity that was commonly controlled by OSCG at this time.
	www.fcc.gov /Bureaus/Wireless/Orders/1999/da991905.doc (722 words)

	NATO Who is Who? Secretaries General (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In 1950 he became Political Mediator of the Organisation for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC) and later Chairman of this Organisation.
		Stikker was appointed Permanent Representative of the Netherlands to the North Atlantic Council and to the OEEC in July 1958.
		In April 1961 the North Atlantic Council chose him to succeed Paul-Henri Spaak as Secretary General of NATO and Chairman of the North Atlantic Council.
	www.nato.int /cv/secgen/stikker.htm (181 words)

	Foreign Affairs - Marshall Plan Commemorative Section: The European Response: Primacy of Politics - David Reynolds (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		With support from some of the smaller states, particularly the Benelux countries, Washington wanted the OEEC to be the instrument of European economic integration as well as the organizer of Marshall aid.
		They blocked the appointment of Paul-Henri Spaak, the Belgian foreign minister and ardent integrationist who was the American choice and would have served as an energetic leader, as the agency's director-general, eventually compromising on Dirk Stikker, the Dutch foreign minister, who would play an anodyne role as a political conciliator.
		Nevertheless, by 1950 the ERP and the OEEC had been pushed to the margins of transatlantic diplomacy.
	www.foreignaffairs.org /19970501faessay3823-p30/david-reynolds/marshall-plan-commemorative-section-the-european-response-primacy-of-politics.html (1611 words)

	The Coming Dissolution of NATO
		The OEEC had practically the same membership as NATO except Austria, Sweden, Ireland and Turkey were allowed to join, Spain was not.
		With Soviet opposition to the OEEC firmly established, followed shortly later by the Korean War, the U.S. decided that all OEEC countries receiving Marshall Aid were bound to remove Communist Parties from their councils of government.
		The countries which were members of the OEEC had to pledge to each other to create the conditions and establish the institutions necessary for the success of European economic cooperation and for the effective use of American aid.
	www.weisbord.org /NATO.htm (8609 words)

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