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Topic: OGPU

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Gosudarstvennoe Politicheskoe Upravlenie

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	Review (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		OGPU documents also reported that contracting agencies had still not paid for the previous year's crops in some regions, and left too little of the crop for peasant families (p.
		In general the OGPU officials who wrote these documents were convinced that all of these irrational and violent acts could have been avoided if local organizers had relied on explanation and patience.
		The OGPU reports frequently refer to excesses that the agency investigated and exposed, with the result that certain individuals, usually local officials or organizers, were arrested or tried.
	www.utoronto.ca /crees/serap/riazan.htm (3465 words)

	KGB
		I den politiske kamp mod slutningen af 1920'erne benyttede Stalin-fraktionen sig af OGPU for at løse politiske modsætninger indenfor partiet.
		Under kollektiviseringen blev OGPU tildelt vigtige opgaver i kampen mod kulakkerne og måtte flere gange rykke ud for at slå omfattende bondeoprør ned.
		OGPU blev i 1934 indlemmet i NKVD, som nu blev den centrale politiorganisation.
	www.leksikon.org /art.php?n=1340 (1044 words)

	NKVD - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The NKVD is best known for the Main Directorate of State Security (GUGB), which succeeded the OGPU and the Cheka as the secret police agency of the Soviet Union.
		Upon the formation of the Soviet Union in 1923, the GPU was transformed into the all-Union OGPU (Joint State Political Directorate), under the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR.
		In 1934, the OGPU was incorporated into the newly-created NKVD of the USSR, becoming the Main Directorate for State Security (GUGB); the NKVD of the Russian SFSR ceased to exist and was not resurrected until 1946 (as the MVD of the RSFSR).
	www.eastcleveland.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/NKVD (1679 words)

	GPU, OGPU @ Cold War Guide
		In 1923 these partial headquarters were united under the OGPU.
		To secure the old habits, first all Jewish people were dismissed (or rather deleted) from inside the OGPU.
		Later, the OGPU was reformed into the NKVD.
	www.cold-war.info /agency/gpu-ogpu.html (316 words)

	History of Soviet espionage in the United States - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the late 1930s and 1940 the OGPU, known as the Political Directorate, used the U.S. as one of several staging areas for multiple OGPU plots to murder exiled Soviet leader Leon Trotsky, then living in Mexico City.
		A Moscow OGPU message to all stations on 12 September 1943 detailed instructions for handling intelligence sources within the CPUSA after the disestablishment of the Comintern.
		Thomas Dewey was not elected in 1944, and the OGPU was able to continue to use the CPUSA as an auxiliary, but the reprieve ended in 1945.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_Soviet_espionage_in_the_United_States (2473 words)

	Guardian Unlimited \| The Guardian \| To trap a spy
		Artur Artuzov was the Ogpu mastermind credited with conceiving Operation Trust, the subject of the afternoon's interview for Russian television.
		Artuzov, head of Ogpu's counter-intelligence section, was a family friend and had offered Gudz a job as liaison officer to his subordinate, Vladimir Styrne.
		Although "physical methods" of torture were not employed, there is strong evidence in the Ogpu's records to suggest that psychological torture certainly was.
	www.guardian.co.uk /g2/story/0,3604,805838,00.html (1120 words)

	Soviet Predecessor Organizations, 1917-54 - Russia / Soviet Intelligence Agencies
		Initially, the OGPU was subject to definite procedural requirements regarding arrests and was not given the powers of summary justice that its predecessor had.
		The OGPU was drawn into the intraparty struggles that ensued between Stalin and his opponents and was also enlisted in the drive to collectivize the peasantry by force, beginning in late 1929, an operation that resulted in the death of upwards of 5 million people.
		In July 1934, the OGPU was transformed into the Main Directorate for State Security (Glavnoe upravlenie gosudarstvennoi bezopasnosti--GUGB) and integrated into the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs (Narodnyi komissariat vnutrennykh del--NKVD), which had been given all-union (see Glossary) status earlier that year.
	www.fas.org /irp/world/russia/intro/su0510.htm (1124 words)

	OGPU
		Zadania GPU, następnie OGPU, polegały na zwalczaniu szpiegostwa i działalności kontrrewolucyjnej na terenie Rosji bolszewickiej, i za jej granicami.
		OGPU wstrzymało prawo wydawania wyroków (w tym wyroków śmierci, które funkcjonariusze zazwyczaj sami wydawali i wykonywali), wstrzymano także kontrolę tajnej korespodencji.
		WKP(b)parti bolszewików, OGPU posiadało odpowiedni aparat, składający się z części cywilno-politycznej i wojskowej (złożonej z oddziałów specjalnych, których liczbę określała Sowiecka Rada Obrony i Pracy).
	pl.efactory.pl /OGPU (733 words)

	Paranoia, terror cost Soviet Union dearly (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		This left positions at the helm of the OGPU and the Supreme Council of the National Economy unfilled and hence opportunities for Stalin to gain further influence.
		The OGPU then constructed its case from random reports of industrial accidents, faulty machinery, inefficient managers, drunken workers, etc. The OGPU's bottom line was that they had unearthed a case of far-reaching international intrigue directed from the capitols of Western Europe including Paris, Berlin and Warsaw.
		Although the evidence against the 103 was manufactured, Stalin and the OGPU conducted themselves as if the very foundation of the state had been threatened with immediate extinction.
	aia.lackland.af.mil /homepages/pa/spokesman/Apr02/heritage.cfm (1618 words)

	Hieromartyr Joasaph, Bishop Of Bakhmut
		A few days later he was summoned to the Kharkov OGPU, who suggested the conditions of his legal activity - when ten to fifteen parishes would recognize his authority he was to present a list of them for registration; after which he would be given an official certificate with the right of visiting these parishes.
		But the OGPU intercepted this letter and the conflict was not completely resolved at this time.
		In 1927 the OGPU destroyed the skete in Palanka, and arrested and exiled six Johnnites.
	www.orthodox.net /russiannm/joasaph-bishop-and-hieromartyr-of-bakhmut.html (2831 words)

	State Political Directorate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Thus, on November 15, 1923, the GPU was transformed into Joint State Political Directorate - Ob'edinennoe Gosudarstvennoe Politicheskoe Upravlenie under SNK of the USSR (Объединённое государственное политическое управление при СНК СССР), or OGPU (ОГПУ), also translated as All-Union State Political Administration.
		The Trust was dissolved, and it became a large propaganda success.
		OGPU was reincorporated into NKVD of the USSR in July 1934, becoming the GUGB department.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gosudarstvennoe_Politicheskoe_Upravlenie (300 words)

	Print Article: The death of Reilly
		Boris Gudz, formerly an OGPU colonel, who was in the team responsible for luring Reilly to his death, was interviewed by Cook.
		He was a personal friend of Grigory Feduleev, Ibrahim Abissalov and Grigory Syroezhkin, the OGPU officers deputed to execute Reilly on November 5, 1925.
		Afterwards his corpse was taken to the OGPU medical unit where it was photographed." Gudz told Cook: "Ibrahim Abissalov gave me the pistol he used as a memento.
	www.smh.com.au /cgi-bin/common/popupPrintArticle.pl?path=/articles/2002/10/06/1033538848015.html (741 words)

	The Economy of the OGPU, NKVD and MVD of the USSR, 1930-1953
		The Economy of the OGPU, NKVD and MVD of the USSR, 1930-1953
		At the same time that so-called special settlements for “kulaks” were being established, there was a sharp increase in the number of inmates in newly created camps—almost 180,000 as of January 1, 1930, which was several times more than the limits that had been set just six months earlier.
		Second, the OGPU had a large number of prisoners available from the mass operations against the “kulaks.” The use of 140,000 prisoners for canal construction removed the critical problem of labor utilization of the camps’ growing population and opened up enormous prospects for economic activities for the OGPU.
	www.uh.edu /~vlazarev/4389/Gulag-khlev.htm (6079 words)

	RUSNET :: Encyclopedia :: K :: KGB
		The OGPU forcibly implemented mass collectivisation and the deportation of the kulaks (wealthy peasants) in the early 1930s.
		By 1931 the OGPU had not only a monopoly on all Soviet police functions but also its own army; a vast network of spies and informers in factories, government offices, and units of the Red Army; and a rapidly growing network of prisons and forced-labour camps.
		A reorganisation in 1934 saw the OGPU absorbed into the new NKVD (for People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs), which used the extensive investigative and judicial powers it had inherited to carry out Soviet leader Joseph Stalin's purges in the 1930s.
	www.rusnet.nl /encyclo/k/kgb.shtml (1381 words)

	Gulag History, Structure and Size: A View From the Secret Archives
		We have already explained that the OGPU, MKVD, and MVD were, in effect, different names for the Soviet interior ministry, or the state security ministry, which was the superior of the Gulag administration.
		The systematic utilization of forced labor began in 1926 and was initially limited to forestry and fisheries in the local environs.
		The OGPU distributed the prisoners among the camps, while the territorial administrative organs were responsible for their utilization.
	www.uh.edu /~vlazarev/4389/Gulag-Gregory.htm (4304 words)

	OGPU (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		With the creation of USSR a unified organization was required to control over state security throughout the new It was incorporated into the NKVD in July 1934.
		The organization and responsibility of the OGPU similar to Nazi Germany 's Gestapo.
		Akademicheskoe delo 1929-1931 gg: Dokumenty i materialy sledstvennogo dela, sfabrikovannogo OGPU
	www.freeglossary.com /OGPU (202 words)

	Master (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		This was reorganized (1922) as the GPU, later the OGPU (United State Political Administration).
		In 1934 the functions of the OGPU were transferred to the NKVD (People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs).
		The existence of the SD was known only to very few, and the fact that Oihcconip from 1931 to 1938 was, de facto, the head of the organization, stunned researchers when it was discovered in 1999 after the declassification of the Gestapo archives in the FBI collection.
	users.uniserve.com /~asd/USSR.html (556 words)

	Remembering Ukraine's Uknown Holocaust
		OGPU agents and Red Army troops sealed all roads and rail lines.
		When OGPU failed to meet weekly execution quotas, Stalin sent henchman Lazar Kaganovitch to destroy Ukrainian resistance.
		The predominance of Jews among Bolshevik leaders, and the frightful crimes and cruelty inflicted by Stalin's Cheka on Ukraine, the Baltic states and Poland, led the victims of Red Terror to blame the Jewish people for both communism and their suffering.
	www.faminegenocide.com /resources/unknown.html (807 words)

	FINAL revised copy of this
		The OGPU was very much, with Yagoda (not Menzhinsky who stayed in the background) on the side of the Right Opposition against peasant collectivization beginning not later than 1928.
		In July 1934, the OGPU was abolished and its functions were transferred to a new All Union, NKVD.
		Menzhinsky, 1926-1934, was never a real head of the OGPU but just a figurehead: Yagoda was the man with the power during Menzhinsky's rule and he was definitely with Bukharin, some of his people with Trotsky.
	www.geocities.com /redcomrades/nkvdinfo.html (2835 words)

	Famine in Russia
		These were carried out by OGPU officers and normally involved the execution of former White soldiers who had believed themselves amnestied.
		It involved hundreds of thousands of families on a scale too large for the OGPU, so that Party activists were drafted in from the towns.
		They were en route for use as slave labor in a vast new system of camps, controlled by an OGPU agency, the Chief Executive of Corrective Labor Camps.
	www.ralphmag.org /famineZO.html (1643 words)

	The Case of the German Teachers' Anti-Soviet Organization within the Odessa Pedagogical Institute (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The first time the Leningrad District OGPU arrested him on 25 February 1933 as a participant and leader of a counterrevolutionary fascist organization that supposedly existed among the students and creative workers of Leningrad.
		The fact is he was a secret employee of the OGPU and committed his so-called malfeasance, that is, not having informed the Chekists about the presence of a counterrevolutionary organization.
		The OGPU was the GPU at the republic level, in this case the Ukraine.
	home.earthlink.net /~hmehrman/martyr/case3.htm (4517 words)

	OGPU - TheBestLinks.com - Gestapo, KGB, Nazi Germany, Soviet Union, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		OGPU - TheBestLinks.com - Gestapo, KGB, Nazi Germany, Soviet Union,...
		OGPU, Gestapo, KGB, Nazi Germany, Soviet Union, TheBestLinks.com:Find or fix a...
		Ob'edinennoe Gosudarstvennoe Politicheskoe Upravlenie' (or OGPU) (Combined State Political Directorate, also translated as All Union State Political Board).
	www.thebestlinks.com /OGPU.html (174 words)

	The Great Famine-Genocide in Soviet Ukraine (Holodomor)
		But there were simply not enough Chekists (secret police) to kill so many people, so Stalin decided to replace bullets by a much cheaper medium of death, mass starvation.
		During the bitter winter of 1932-33, mass starvation created by Kaganovitch and OGPU hit full force.
		The predominance of Jews among Bolshevik leaders, and the frightful crimes and cruelty inflicted by Stalin's Cheka on Ukraine, the Baltic, and Poland, led the victims of Red Terror to blame the Jewish people for both communism and their suffering.
	www.artukraine.com /famineart/unknhol.htm (881 words)

	Tomorrow would be May Day
		Nevertheless, it was the OGPU that came to the rescue of the besprizornye, or rather, collected them off the streets and out of the forests and did what they could to turn them into honest citizens.
		We sat for a while in a vast echoing hall, none of us saying very much, and it was a relief when we were ushered out into the street, where there were sunshine and a band to lead us to the river and a double-decker ferry boat waiting to receive us.
		From that time on the mood was one of gaiety, equally shared by ourselves and the green-capped members of the OGPU who, for this one day at least, shed their sinister image and became the smiling peasant lads they once had been and laughed and joked as heartily as everybody else.
	argo.net.au /andre/betty_roland_ENFIN.htm (3375 words)

	the XVth Biennial Conference of the Australasian Association for European History, Melbourne
		The operational statistics of OGPU indicate that the mass killings were suddenly halted in mid 1931 and replaced by a rhetoric of terror that replaced the actuality of mass killing with the threats of terror.
		This state of terrorism with little use of ‘the supreme penalty’ lasted for 6 years from July 1931 to July 1937, when what is sometimes called the 4th wave of mass killing began.
		Akulov’s ascendancy in OGPU and then in Procuracy General was associated with attempts to restrain extra judicial activities of the regional plenipotentiaries, 1931-36.
	www.history.unimelb.edu.au /AAEH/speakers/Wheatcroft.html (449 words)

	Real Truth about Russia (1933) By Gareth Jones
		It was a plain, simple statement in a lower corner of the paper to the effect that the Ogpu had discovered a wrecking organisation in the electrical industry, in which were involved six employees of Metropolitan-Vickers.
		It seemed incredible that he should be at that moment in the Lubyanka, the headquarters of the Ogpu in Moscow.
		It was the Lubyanka, the headquarters of the Ogpu.
	www.colley.co.uk /garethjones/soviet_articles/real_truth.htm (1337 words)

	Annotated Bibliography of Placer Mining, 1896-1966 - Index
		In the new constitution the GPU was renamed the OGPU, the Unified State Political Administration (same but even more functions than the GPU) reporting directly to the party's Central Commission, with a commissariat of its own, rather than reporting to the NKVD commissariat.
		Stalin used the OGPU to eliminate (kill, shoot, execute) his enemies, a much more evil use of state powers than Clinton, who merely tried to send his opponents to jail -- or just into disgrace.
		The OGPU was also the agency that enforced the USSR's industrialization.
	members.tripod.com /~placerstrike/RussiaPolice.html (1346 words)

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