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	OPS5 Reference
		An OPS5 program consists of a declaration section where basic data constructs are defined followed by a production section where rules for manipulation of the data.
		OPS5 data elements reside in a global database referred to as working memory; rules are stored in production memory.
		OPS5 programs execute by matching working memory elements with rules in production memory and firing (executing) the most dominant rule which is matched.
	www.cs.gordon.edu /local/courses/cs323/OPS5/ops5.html (2660 words)

	OPS5 Reference
		OPS5 data elements reside in a global database referred to as working memory; rules are stored in production memory.
		OPS5 programs execute by matching working memory elements with rules in production memory and firing (executing) the most dominant rule which is matched.
		OPS5 determines the type of an arithmetic expression from the values bound.
	www.math-cs.gordon.edu /courses/cs323/OPS5/ops5.html (2660 words)

	Wikipedia: OPS5
		OPS5 is a rule-based or production system language, notable as the first such language to be used in a successful expert system, the R1/XCON system used to configure VAX computers.
		OPS5 uses a forward chaining inference engine; programs execute by scanning "working memory elements" (which are vaguely object-like, with classes and attributes) looking for matches with the rules in "production memory".
		The first implementation of OPS5 was written in Lisp, and later rewritten in BLISS for speed.
	www.factbook.org /wikipedia/en/o/op/ops5.html (262 words)

	php-deluxe.net - description OPS5
		OPS5 is a rule-based language or production system computer language, notable as the first such language to be used in a successful expert system, the R1 (expert system) system used to configure VAX computers.
		The first implementation of OPS5 was written in Lisp programming language, and later rewritten in BLISS programming language for speed.
		DEC OPS5 is an extended implementation of the OPS5 language definition, developed for use with the Virtual Memory System, RISC ULTRIX, and DEC OSF/1 operating systems.
	www.php-deluxe.net /encyclopedia,index.page,OPS5.htm (278 words)

	OPS5 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		OPS5 is a rule-based or production system Computer language, notable as the first such language to be used in a successful Expert system, the R1/XCON system used to configure VAX computers.
		OPS5 uses a Forward chaining Inference engine; programs execute by scanning "working memory elements" (which are vaguely object-like, with classes and attributes) looking for matches with the rules in "production memory".
		The first implementation of OPS5 was written in Lisp, and later rewritten in BLISS for speed.
	www.ufaqs.com /wiki/en/op/OPS5.htm (231 words)

	Dictionary of Programming Languages
		OPS5 is weakly typed, like Lisp: variables are not declared to have a particular type, but can hold any type of data placed in them.
		In any OPS5 program, the toughest part is ensuring that the right domain-specific rule is applied to the working memory at the right moment.
		OPS5 supports various grouping and priority schemes to allow the programmer to guide the execution of rules; applying these facilities can be tricky.
	cgibin.erols.com /ziring/cgi-bin/cep/cep.pl?_key=OPS5 (463 words)

	Rete Algorithm Evolution of Rules Languages
		OPS5 was the first production system language based on the Rete Algorithm and the first AI language to succeed in commercial application when Dr. John McDermott implemented a rule-based configurer of VAX computer systems for Digital Equipment Corporation.
		R1 was originally implemented in Lisp but was later ported to a Bliss version of OPS5 for performance reasons, after which DEC renamed R1 to XCON.
		XCON was tremendously successful and led to the development of a number of additional, substantial expert systems using OPS5, several of which were implemented by Paul Haley.
	www.haley.com /1834294636283904/brmsoverview/evolutionRL.html (581 words)

	[No title]
		OPS5 is a Lisp based production system interpreter that is widely used in expert systems work.
		The OPS5 interpreter available under Poplog at Sussex University is written in Common Lisp, and runs within the Poplog Common Lisp system.
		However, OPS5 has a slightly different execution cycle, because it uses the Rete matching algorithm (Forgy, 1982), which allows it to keep track of which rules are applicable at the point that working memory is modified.
	www.poplog.org /gospl/contrib/ops5/help/ops5 (3080 words)

	OPS5 - Free net encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		OPS5 is a rule-based or production system computer language, notable as the first such language to be used in a successful expert system, the R1/XCON system used to configure VAX computers.
		OPS5 uses a forward chaining inference engine; programs execute by scanning "working memory elements" (which are vaguely object-like, with classes and attributes) looking for matches with the rules in "production memory".
		DEC OPS5 is an extended implementation of the OPS5 language definition, developed for use with the VMS, RISC ULTRIX, and DEC OSF/1 operating systems.
	www.netipedia.com /index.php/OPS5 (259 words)

	OPS5 - OneLook Dictionary Search
		Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "OPS5" is defined.
		OPS5 : Free On-line Dictionary of Computing [home, info]
		OPS5 : Dictionary of Programming Languages [home, info]
	www.onelook.com /cgi-bin/cgiwrap/bware/dofind.cgi?word=OPS5 (88 words)

	OPS5 - Definition of OPS5 by Webster's Online Dictionary
		The system checks its working memory to see if there are rules whose pre-conditions are satisfied, if so, the action in one selected satisfied rule is executed.
		There is a public domain implementation of an OPS5 interpreter written by Charles L.
		CLIPS is a language for writing expert systems, with some of the capabilities of OPS5.
	www.webster-dictionary.org /definition/OPS5 (127 words)

	RuleWorks
		For RuleWorks the compatibility goal is to allow rules from an OPS5 program (that did not use obsolescent features) to be used within a RuleWorks program with no changes.
		This is unlike OPS5 where source code changes would have to be made to control the interpreter's appearance.
		Because the same entry-block can now be invoked multiple times recursively, when a rule instantiation is fired, it is not actually removed from the conflict set, even though it ceases to be visible there.
	www.ruleworks.co.uk /releasenotes.html (2122 words)

	[No title]
		Photocopies of the chapters are on reserve in Hunt library, and with Janet Hilf in BH339.
		Now you are in the Lisp environment, in which the OPS5 program was developed.
		OPS5 working memory elements really consist of items that we would consider to be in working memory as well as items that would be in external memory.
	www.andrew.cmu.edu /course/85-711/Notes/Instr3.doc (734 words)

	Structural Complexity of OPS5 Knowledge-Based Systems
		Complexity metrics, such as McCabe’s cyclomatic number of a program control graph and Halstead’s number of operator/operand occurrences have been used extensively to measure the structural complexity of procedural programs.
		The practicality of these metrics is empirically demonstrated by applying them to measure the complexity of a suite of benchmark OPS5 knowledge- based systems.
		A variety of OPS5 programs were tested and the results are given below.
	www2.cs.uh.edu /~acheng/metrics/metrics.htm (321 words)

	Mailgate: comp.ai.shells: Re: OPS/R2 OPS83 OPS5 Where to download from? (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A Common Lisp implementation of OPS5 is available at the CMU AI Repository: ftp://ftp.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/project/ai-repository/ai/areas/expert/systems/ops5/0.html I don't know whether it needs any changes to run on contemporary Lisps.
		A version of OPS5 that works on current CMUCL is available, but CMUCL does not run on Windows.
		If you are interested in more modern systems in the OPS5 tradition, you may try CLIPS, JESS or LISA.
	mailgate.supereva.com /comp/comp.ai.shells/msg00726.html (114 words)

	[No title]
		During each recognize-act cycle, OPS5 examines the LHS of all active rules to determine which rules' LHS conditions are satisfied given the current state of visible Working Memory Objects.
		DEC OPS5 is an evolution of the OPS5 language as described in the OPS5 User's Manual by Charles L. Forgy, Department of Computer Science, Carnegie- Mellon University.
		By default, DEC OPS5 automatically generates an executable image, or the user can opt to modularly compile several OPS5 files to be linked together later into an executable or shareable image, possibly includ- ing object modules from other languages.
	www1.sqp.com /MasterIndex/spd/spd_009cf220.txt (1146 words)

	PC AI - OPS Programming Language
		OPS5 stores data in working memory, and if-then rules in production memory.
		Rules in OPS5 are completely independent of one another.
		The other prominent expert system inferencing procedure is backward chaining, in which a goal to be achieved causes subgoals to be satisfied until a problem solution is found.
	www.pcai.com /web/ai_info/pcai_ops.html (313 words)

	Business Rules Help Center FAQ for Artificial Intelligence
		The Lisp version of OPS5 implemented at Carnegie-Mellon entered the public domain but has not been of great significance because of Lisp's exorbitant space requirements and inferior performance.
		The Bliss version of OPS5 developed by DEC prior to the deployment of XCON is many times as fast and much smaller than the Lisp version but is quite expensive and available only for DEC hardware.
		OPS5 also had a number of other problems that led its developers and appliers at Carnegie -Mellon to seek and develop other tools.
	www.haley.com /helpcenter/artificial_intelligence_faq.html (3312 words)

	RuleWorks - Portability and Compatibility
		The second major difference is that the public domain OPS5 provides none of the modularity features that RuleWorks provides, although most of the other integration features were provided.
		This is unlike OPS5 where source code changes had to be made to control the interpreter's appearance.
		This section covers differences between RuleWorks and OPS5 that were not described as obsolescent in OPS5, and are not due to the new RuleWorks modularity features.
	www.ruleworks.co.uk /uguide/rwug12.html (1593 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		There are two symbols, namely remove and write, which occur in both the lisp and ops5 packages.
		If you are using OPS5, you probably want to give precedence to its definitions of these symbols.
		An excellent source of information on OPS5 is the book Programming Expert Systems in OPS5 An Introduction to Rule-based Programming by Lee Brownston, Robert Farrell, Elaine Kant, and Nancy Martin published in 1985 by Addison-Wesley.
	www.unf.edu /public/cap4630/kmartin/gradfall94/ops5/ops5-README (184 words)

	The Encyclopedia of Computer Languages
		OPS5 is the most recent language development of the Production Systems group at Carnegie-Mellon University.
		This paper describes the OPS5 lai~guage, explains how control is implemented in an OPS5 production system, and describes some of the features that have been incorporated into the OPS5 interpreter to aid the user in developing and maintaining large systems.
		An OPS5 program has a workspace in which andquot;Working Memory Elementsandquot; (WMEs) reside; WMEs are in essence structured values with a time stamp.
	hopl.murdoch.edu.au /showlanguage.prx?exp=775 (850 words)

	Citations: Programming Expert Systems in OPS5: An Introduction to Rule-Based Programming - Brownston, Farrell, Kant, ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Parallel OPS5 on the Encore Multimax - Gupta, Forgy, Kalp, Newell, Tambe (1988)
		The paradigm has also gained notoriety by serving as the basis of systems that are difficult and expensive to maintain [62,65,83] A specific power of this representation is that it is data driven and on each cycle of execution, any one of a large number of problem solving alternatives may be....
		Detailed simulation results based on this implementation show that for a set of five benchmarks, this scheme is able to eliminate between 95.6 and 99.9 of the barrier synchronizations resulting in a multiplicative speedup of between 2.2 and 52.3 fold over and above the speedup achieved by a....
	citeseer.comp.nus.edu.sg /context/69087/0 (6907 words)

	Citations: OPS5 User's Manual - Forgy (ResearchIndex)
		OPS5 was in fact an early candidate for the implementation of Kafka, but OPS5 supports only flat data structures.
		The production rules are condition action pairs, where the condition part is used to determine whether the rule is applicable and the action part defines the action to be taken.
		It was then compiled to the C language, using an OPS5 to C compiler [5] The rule based expert system implementation was investigated for two reasons.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /context/52533/0 (2184 words)

	OPS5: Computer Book: OPS5: Definitions OPS5 Glossary & OPS5 Terminology
		OPS5: Read about your OPS5 computer abbreviation, computer definition or term.
		It was also ported to Common Lisp by George Woodand Jim Kowalski.
		CLIPS is a language for writing expert systems, with someof the capabilities of OPS5.
	www.the-computer-book.com /OPS5-computer-pc-terms-tips.html (158 words)

	OPS5 - Definition
		The system checks its working memory to see if there are rules whose pre-conditions are satisfied, if so, the action in one selected satisfied rule is executed.
		There is a public domain implementation of an OPS5 interpreter written by Charles L. Forgy in 1977.
		It was first implemented in lisp and later in bliss.
	www.hyperdictionary.com /computing/ops5 (127 words)

	E.1 OPS5
		OPS5 rulebases may be readily converted into KnowledgeWorks rulebases.
		In OPS5 you cannot have different conflict resolution strategies for different sets of rules.
		The KnowledgeWorks context mechanism for passing control is much clearer and more powerful than, for instance, the use of the MEA strategy as sole control mechanism in OPS5.
	www.lispworks.com /documentation/lw50/KW-W/html/kwprolog-w-223.htm (147 words)

	Citations: Programming Expert Systems in OPS - Brownston, Farrell, Kant, Martin (ResearchIndex)
		Efficiency is still an important consideration in rule based production systems since they may be expected to exhibit high performance in interactive domains or realtime domains.
		A factor, which has a similar meaning to an attribute in M.1, EXPERT and KES [Harmon King 85] is a name involved in a domain expertise.
		Unlike those systems, the condition in an AMOS rule can refer to derived AMOSQL functions (which correspond to views) Data can be passed from the condition to the action of each rule by using shared query variables.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /context/185276/0 (2848 words)

	Package: areas/expert/systems/ops5/
		This directory contains the original public domain implementation of an OPS5 interpreter written by Charles L. Forgy and ported to Common Lisp by George Wood and Jim Kowalski.
		Charles Forgy, the inventor of Rete and OPS5, has a company that sells RAL (Rule-extended Algorithmic Language), a high-performance C-based expert systems tool.
		RAL uses a more efficient match algorithm called Rete II and was designed to permit seamless integration of rules and objects into C programs.
	www.cs.cmu.edu /afs/cs/project/ai-repository/ai/areas/expert/systems/ops5/0.html (334 words)

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