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Topic: ORP

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	ORP Grom - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		ORP Grom (Thunder) was one of two Grom-class destroyers serving in the Polish Navy during World War II.
		Samuel White shipyard, ORP Grom was thought of as a large destroyer, similar to flotilla leaders.
		She and her younger sister ship ORP Błyskawica were to support the outdated French-built ORP Wicher and ORP Burza in the role of the core of the Polish Navy in a possible conflict.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/ORP_Grom (533 words)

	ORP and the Reef Aquarium by Randy Holmes-Farley - Reefkeeping.com
		ORP is a measure of the relative fighting ability of the oxidizers and the reducers.
		ORP is also frequently used to evaluate interstitial water in sediments on the bottom of the ocean (often in the range of -200 to -400 mv).
		Nevertheless, the use of ORP measurements is critical to ensure that the aquarium is not being overdosed with ozone.
	reefkeeping.com /issues/2003-12/rhf/feature/index.htm (6886 words)

	Analyst Spring 2002 - Understanding Oxidation Reduction Potential (OPR) Systems
		ORP is related to the concentration of oxidizers or reducers in a solution, and their activity or strength.
		When using ORP for process control, it is important to realize that it is the presence of the oxidizer or reducer that is being monitored, and not the chemical it is reacting with.
		The ORP electrode is nearly identical to a pH electrode, having a platinum surface (generally either a platinum rod or band) for the measuring half of the electrode, and a silver-silver chloride reference wire in a potassium chloride reference electrolyte for the reference half as shown by Figure 3.
	www.awt.org /members/publications/analyst/2002/spring/orp.htm (1821 words)

	ORP News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		ORP has been enhanced to give meaningful answers for the case when the difference between the retiree's age and the spouse's age is greater than 20 years.
		ORP was producing garbage when one user entered a Term age (age at which the plan is to end) that was before the retirement age.
		A second change to ORP is the ability for a single retiree to designate a beneficiary for her Tax-deferred Account, and use the beneficiary's age in in computing the MRD for the single person.
	www.i-orp.com /new.html (3077 words)

	ORP level ozone, ORP levels, ozone, oxidation reduction potential
		ORP level can also be viewed as the level of bacterial activity of the water because a direct link occurs between ORP level and Coliform count in water.
		ORP cannot be used as a direct indicator of dissolved ozone residual, except in very clean water applications.
		ORP is a convenient measure of ozone’s ability to perform a chemical task.
	www.ozoneapplications.com /info/orp.htm (417 words)

	ORP Application Bulletin
		ORP is also used for cooling tower disinfection, groundwater remediation, bleaching, cyanide destruction, chrome reductions, metal etching, fruit and vegetable disinfection, and dechlorination.
		ORP is a convenient measure of the oxidizer’s or reducer’s ability to perform a chemical task.
		ORP can be correlated to a system by checking the oxidizer or reducer in a steady state system with a wet test, and measuring pH.
	www.myronl.com /applications/orpapp.htm (719 words)

	Introduction to ORP
		ORP is a measurement of the electrical potential of a redox reaction and serves as a yardstick to judge how much oxidation or reduction takes place under existing conditions.
		ORP electrodes measure the voltage across a circuit formed by the measuring metal half cell and the reference half cell.
		When the ORP electrode is placed in the presence of oxidizing or reducing agents, electrons are constantly transferred back and forth on its measuring surface, generating a tiny voltage.
	www.eutechinst.com /techtips/tech-tips17.htm (254 words)

	Automated Aquarium Systems - Measuring ORP
		From a water treatment perspective, use of ORP for controlling water disinfection or the growth of algae with chlorine, chlorine dioxide, bromine and ozone is of prime interest.
		This ORP potential is temperature-dependent; however, temperature compensation is not used because the compensation would vary for each different oxidation/reduction reaction occurring, and it is likely that several reactions are taking place at the same time.
		ORP measurements can be defined as a measurement of oxidant demand relative to whatever ORP value needed to accomplish a particular disinfection goal.
	www.automatedaquariums.com /tecorp.htm (1069 words)

	HRS - Benefits - Retirement - ORP
		ORP is a "defined contribution program." Participants manage their own investment account with an authorized ORP company and retirement benefits are based on the amounts contributed to the account and the performance of the investments selected by the participant.
		If an eligible employee does not elect to participate in ORP during their 90-day enrollment period, the employee will be permanently enrolled in TRS for the duration of their career in Texas public higher education.
		Employees that have previously elected ORP at a public institution of higher education in Texas must immediately re-enroll in ORP as of their date of appointment.
	www.utexas.edu /hr/benefits/retire/orp.html (1140 words)

	Retirement Calculator (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		ORP will compute your cash flow during retirement from investment returns and drawing down your capital to a given estate level at the end of the plan.
		ORP is supported by Sundown Software Systems which provides the linear programming model formulation and optimization software.
		The StudyWeb researchers have selected ORP as a featured site because, in their judgment, it is one of the best educational resources on the Web.
	www.i-orp.com (288 words)

	Benefits - Optional Retirement Program (ORP)
		Once enrolled in the ORP, the employee may elect to allocate both their contributions and the University's contributions to any one of the carriers or may direct their contributions to one carrier and the University contributions to another.
		Calculation of Benefits: Under the ORP, the amount of the benefit is based on the total accumulation in the account(s) including any credited interest or dividends, your age, the age of your annuity partner, if applicable, and the income option selected.
		Under the ORP, employees may receive the employer and employee contribution balances in cash, as permitted by the carrier(s) or as annuity distributions; or may leave the balance on deposit to accumulate earnings tax deferred until they elect to receive them.
	www.fis.ncsu.edu /benefits/retire/orp.asp (827 words)

	Optional Retirement Program - Comparison of Provisions
		ORP benefits are based on the member's account balance and the member's age at the time benefits begin.
		Employees who are eligible to participate in the ORP but who elected to participate in TCRS may make a one time election to transfer membership from TCRS to the ORP.
		Some employees who participate in the ORP may be eligible to transfer a portion of their Tennessee ORP account balance to another employer’s plan or to an Individual Retirement Account (IRA) if they qualify for a partial or total lump sum distribution.
	www.treasury.state.tn.us /orp/orp-2.htm (748 words)

	Optional Retirement Program - Introduction
		The ORP is a "defined contribution" retirement plan, which means that the amount of any future benefit will be determined by the member's account balance.
		Funds accumulated in Tennessee's ORP may not be withdrawn in a lump sum except in the event of the member's death prior to retirement or in the event that a member who has separated from service has less than the deminimis ORP account balance set by state statute ($9,000 in 2005 or $10,000 in 2006).
		If a member has less than the deminimis account balance ceiling in the ORP and wishes to withdraw it or transfer it in a lump sum, a Verification of Eligibility for Exception from Lifetime Distribution Requirement form for the current year must be submitted with the application.
	www.treasury.state.tn.us /orp/orp-1.htm (1817 words)

	ORP Electrodes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The use of ORP is a simple, accurate way to maximize the use of raw materials to produce a product with maximum stability and improved bleaching speed.
		The standard Powell Hypo Batch Controller uses the principle of ORP to monitor the caustic remaining in the batch system.
		ORP electrodes, when placed in a bleach solution, produce a voltage inversely proportional to the amount of excess caustic in the solution.
	www.powellfab.com /products/orp/Control_Chlorine_Caustic_ORP.asp (270 words)

	uboat.net - Allied Warships - Submarine ORP Sokol of the U class (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		ORP Sokol fires four torpedoes against the Italian Citta di Palermo (5413 GRT) west of Isola d'Ischia, Italy in position 40º42'N, 13º47'E. The torpedoes missed their target.
		ORP Sokol sinks a sailing vessel with gunfire of Santorini island, Greece.
		ORP Sokol sinks a Greek sailing vessel with gunfire east of Mudros, Lemnos Island, Greece.
	www.uboat.net /allies/warships/ship/5435.html (329 words)

	Professional Letter
		M29 holds no benefit at all to the ORP participants yet we are forced to live with the consequences and make huge sacrifices in the form of severely reduced retirement compensation.
		By law, ORP contributions would also be eliminated, and with it the hopes of an ORP retirement.
		PERS and ORP contributions must be decoupled and the ORP rates corrected to reflect an equitable retirement option to PERS.
	darkwing.uoregon.edu /~ifs/dirORP/ORP3a.html (900 words)

	NASRA - Survey on ORP's for Higher Ed Faculty
		The ORP allows for the administration of the plan at the reporting unit level and is dependent on the optional plan administrator.
		The State University System ORP is mandated for all state universities and administered by the Division of Retirement.
		The State University System ORP does not currently have any provision to allow participants into the defined benefit plan as long as the participant is in ORP-eligible employment.
	www.nasra.org /resources/ORPsforHigherEdFaculty.htm (913 words)

	Oregon Republican Party :: About Us
		The ORP State Central Committee is the highest Party authority in the State and has sole authorization to adopt rules or resolutions for all matters of Party government.
		All “yes” or “no” responses from ORP State Central Committee members which are postmarked within 14 days of the date of the notice, and which are received by the Chairman within twenty-one (21) days of the date of the notice shall be counted in determining the outcome of the vote by mail.
		The ORP notice of election is sufficient to authorize a precinct committeeperson to participate in the congressional district conventions until such time as the official state or county notification is received.
	www.orgop.org /About/Default.aspx?SectionId=504 (6294 words)

	HI 98201: ORP (REDOX) Tester (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		This occurs most readily in water treatment as well as pool and spa maintenance where an oxidizer, such as chlorine, is added to the water to destroy contaminants.
		The higher the ORP value, the greater the sanitizing power of your water.
		HI 98201 (ORP) is supplied complete with protective cap, batteries and instructions.
	www.hannainst.com /products/testers/testers.cfm?ProdCode=HI%2098201 (137 words)

	CHEMTROL 250 ORP/pH Digital Controller
		In addition it is also recommended to install a safety switch on the bypass line to prevent accidental feeding of chemicals.
		ORP and pH proportional control bandwidth from 0 to 100% of the setpoint,
		The controller then automatically activates the chemical feeders for sanitizer and acid (or soda) feed, as required to maintain the set ORP and pH levels - regardless of fluctuations in bather load, contamination and weather.
	www.sbcontrol.com /ch250.htm (835 words)

	ORP Controllers,Oxygen Reduction Potential Controller
		Global Water’s ORP Controller is a 1/8 DIN panel mount controller with dual SPDT Hi/Lo relays, manual set points and calibration potentiometers set into the front of the panel.
		The ORP Controller's sensor connectors are a BNC input and spade lug screw type connector block.
		The ORP controllers use an all solid state design to achieve low power consumption and reduced internal heating.
	www.globalw.com /products/3671.html (242 words)

	Means of Modifying the ORP of Water (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Generally, this shift is in the negative direction, toward a lower ORP, but the direction and amount of shift in ORP will depend entirely upon the bacteria present, bacterial foods, other substances present in the water, as well as temperature and other factors.
		The direction of shift in ORP will depend largely upon the phase of water (ice, water, etc.), radiation type and intensity, temperatures, other substances present in the water, whether the water is exposed to air, and time.
		The ORP increase seemed to be greatest when the experimental bottle was tested immediately after ozone treatment, and the ORP variation ranged up to +60 mv over original values and compared to controls.
	www.h-minus-ion.org /Methods-to-modify-ORP-water-1.html (3573 words)

	Treating Water at ORP Speed : Support - Technical Articles :: Sensorex (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The ORP process can be likened to stock-market activity: Whenever one material is oxidized, another material is reduced (for someone to purchase a share, another person must sell that share).
		From a water treatment perspective, use of ORP for controlling water disinfection or the growth of algae with chlorine, chlorine dioxide, bromine and ozone in applications such as cooling towers, swimming pools, potable water supplies and a multitude of other sterile water applications is of prime interest.
		Another factor to consider when making ORP measurements is that they can be pH- dependent (remember that pH is a measure of hydrogen ions).
	www.sensorex.com /support/technical_articles/treating_water_at_orp_speed.html (1275 words)

	Series A15/72 pH/ORP Monitor, ATI Water Quality Monitorin
		The ORP sensor outputs a mV signal that ranges from -1000 to +1000mV.
		The sensor output is uncalibrated, therefore, the receiving instrument must be capable of providing user calibration of the pH or ORP signal on a periodic basis.
		The metal ORP electrode is either platinum or gold, depending on the process chemicals.
	www.afcintl.com /water/q22phorp.htm (471 words)

	Wastewater Treatment ORP Control
		Quantifying and controlling each application uses an ORP probe and meter to measure the ORP as the IE-061 is added and a predetermined ORP set point is set to control the precipitation process.
		Performing jar tests to determine the ORP minimal asymptote is the set point for the ORP controller.
		These units all have the ORP precipitation control process as an option to these precipitation and liquid/solids separation systems.
	www.wecleanwater.com /html/equipment/pH_control/ORP_control.htm (295 words)

	ORP Electrode REDOX and ORP Technical Education : Support - Technical Education :: Sensorex (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		ORP is an abbreviation for for Oxidation Reduction Potential, also know as REDOX and is a useful measurement for monitoring and controlling chemical reactions.
		An ORP measuring electrode is identical to a pH measuring electrodes except a Nobel metal is used in place of the pH glass as the measuring element.
		A pH meter with a millivolt scale or ORP transmitter or controller is used to display readings.
	www.sensorex.com /support/education/ORP_education.html (243 words)

	ORP
		The ORP is an individualized plan in which participants select investment companies from NAU’s approved vendors and then choose fixed/variable investment products.
		ORP participants contribute 7.0% of their gross salary to their retirement accounts.
		Additional information about the ORP, including specific investment information, is available in the Optional Retirement Plan Book or by contacting an ORP Vendor.
	hr.nau.edu /m/content/view/482/408 (168 words)

	YSI ORP 15 ORP & Temperature Pen
		The new ORP 15 provides quick and accurate ORP measurements in a very economical platform.
		The ORP 15 pen features an easy-to-use graphic interface, simple one-hand operation, memory, and low cost of ownership over the life of the product.
		The ability to measure ORP and temperature in a simple, compact instrument allows for the most convenient sampling method available.
	www.fondriest.com /products/ysi_orp15.htm (111 words)

	Eric Edelman - Redox and ORP - 08/03/1997
		The best indication ORP is the trend that they have, that is where all the important obtainable information is.
		ORP correlates with dissolved oxygen, and inversely correlates with your pH.
		One general trend to look at is that ORP rises when the water becomes rich in oxygen.
	www.reefs.org /library/talklog/e_edelman_080397.html (2848 words)

	OHR Web Site: Benefits: Programs: Retirement: ORP
		In general, all full-time faculty and exempt staff members of Contract Colleges are eligible for the ORP.
		ORP has separate contribution rates based on the date of hire and plan participation.
		Under the SUNY ORP, it is possible to make transfers of variable account accumulations to alternate funding vehicles approved by SUNY.
	www.ohr.cornell.edu /benefits/programs/retireORP.html (1010 words)

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