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Topic: Oath of Strasbourg

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	oath - Information from Reference.com
		The main classes of oaths are the assertory oath, which concerns past or present facts, and the promissory oath, which refers to future conduct (such as that taken by an alien upon naturalization or by a high government official on assuming office).
		An oath (from Anglo-Saxon að) is either a promise or a statement of fact calling upon something or someone that the oath maker considers sacred, usually a god, as a witness to the binding nature of the promise or the truth of the statement of fact.
		The oath given to support an affidavit is frequently administered by a notary public who will memorialize the giving of the oath by affixing her or his seal to the document.
	www.reference.com /search?q=oath (1249 words)

	Strasbourg, France
		Strasbourg (French: Strasbourg; Alsatian: Strossburi; German: Straßburg) is the capital and principal city of the Alsace région of northeastern France, with approximately 650,000 inhabitants in the metropolitan area in 1999.
		Strasbourg is the seat of the Council of Europe and the European Court of Human Rights and it hosts the new seat of the European Parliament (with Brussels) after the asbestos scandal in the 1980s.
		Annexing Strasbourg in September 1681, France was confirmed in possession of the city by the Treaty of Ryswick (1697).
	www.creekin.net /c281-n67-strasbourg-france.html (763 words)

	Oath
		To this strict and rigorous prohibition of the oath Jesus adds the definite command that His disciples in their assurances restrict themselves to a simple yes or no and avoid all that goes beyond them by way of strengthening a statement because it is of evil.
		It is claimed that the oath is necessary even in Christian society because of the all too common unreliability of ordinary statements and the general distrust of people toward each other, in short because of the imperfection of human society.
		Rothenfelder and perhaps Marpeck were convinced by his statement on the oath, mainly no doubt, because Musculus began with the Bible and allowed it to speak to the matter of the oath, trying to show that the Anabaptist interpretation actually did violence to the intent of Scripture.
	www.gameo.org /encyclopedia/contents/O358.html (5579 words)

	Oaths — FactMonster.com
		oath - oath oath, vocal affirmation of the truth of one's statements, generally made by appealing to a...
		Oath of Strasbourg - Strasbourg, Oath of Strasbourg, Oath of, 842, oath sworn by Charles the Bald (later Holy Roman...
		Oath - Oath The sacred oath of the Persians is By the Holy Grave—i.e.
	www.factmonster.com /dictionary/brewers/oaths.html (163 words)

	Alsace France,Introduction to the French Region of Alsace
		During the decline of the Merovingien Dynasty, the area that resembles that of today’s départements of Bas-Rhin and Haut-Rhin was taken.
		Strasbourg is known as the crossroads of Europe, and the European Capital.
		Strasbourg and Geneva are the only non-capital cities to have such important international institutions.
	www.french-at-a-touch.com /French_Regions/Alsace/alsace_1.htm (1212 words)

	D'Alsace en Lorraine
		In 842, the Oath of Strasbourg written in Old German and in Old French was the starting point of the division of Charlemagne's Europe.
		Strasbourg liberates itself of the protection of its bishop, and becomes a free city in 1262.
		The capitulation of Strasbourg occurs in 1681 and sets the city as a part of France, but its privileges in local administration and in religion matters are still preserved.
	www.robert-weinland.org /histo.php?lang=en (1714 words)

	Strasbourg : Strateburgo - Alsace, France
		The 14th of February 842 A.D., Louis and Charles united in Strasbourg against their brother, Lothaire and took the historic "Oath of Strasbourg" by using the common languages of their people.
		Strasbourg became part of the Lotharingia which extended from the North Sea to the Adriatic.
		His work entitled "Tristan und Isolde" is a poem of 2000 verses which is unique but unachieved Although Gottfried of Strasbourg is the author of one of the masterpieces of German literature from the Middle Ages, he was inspired by the narrative of Thomas of Brittany, an anglo-normand poet who wrote in French.
	www.strasbourg.com /strasbourg/us/visiter/histoire/2.html (819 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for oath
		oath Promise or pledge, especially a solemn one involving an appeal to God to witness the truth of the pledge.
		In a corporal oath, usually taken by a person before giving evidence in a court of law, a witness swears to the truth of a statement.
		OATH Advances Vision for Open Strong Authentication; Endorses Submission of HOTP One Time Password Algorithm to IETF for Standardization; OATH Membership Fulfills Key Milestone Toward Reducing Cost and Improving Security Across All Networks, Applications and Devices.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=oath (863 words)

	Oath of Strasbourg — Infoplease.com
		Strasbourg, Oath of, 842, oath sworn by Charles the Bald (later Holy Roman Emperor
		Each brother made his oath in the language of the other's followers, so that it might be understood.
		The version used by Louis is often considered the oldest known specimen of French.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/history/A0846892.html (189 words)

	OATH (0. Eng. ddh) - Online Information article about OATH (0. Eng. ddh)
		An important class of Roman oaths invokes the deity to favour or preserve the swearer in so far as he shall fulfil his promise —" as the gods may preserve me," " as I wish the gods to be propitious to me " (me ita di servent; ita deos mihi velim propitios).
		LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0.
		The oath of supremacy in the reign of William III.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /NUM_ORC/OATH_0_Eng_ddh_.html (5764 words)

	The Alsace History - Alsace On Line, France
		Strasbourg, the setting of Gutenberg’s invention of movable type thirty years earlier, now had many of the leading printing work-shops in the german-speaking world.
		Several of Luther’s tracts were printed in Strasbourg and the great preacher for whom the city was famous included a number of his followers.
		In 1949 Strasbourg was chosen as the seat of the Council of Europe.
	www.visit-alsace.com /librairie/index.html (1994 words)

	New age / affirmation / oath
		An oath (from Old Saxon eoth) is either a promise or a statement of fact calling upon something or someone that the oath maker considers sacred, usually a god, as a witness to the binding nature of the promise or the truth of the statement of fact.
		This is principally based on the words of Jesus in the Sermon on the Mount: "I say to you: 'Swear not at all'" (Matthew 5:33).
		Not all Christians follow this reading, because there are other Biblical statements which mention oaths without condemning them.
	www.new-age-guide.com /new_age/oath.htm (741 words)

	Which language is it ? \| Antimoon Forum
		Strasbourg, Oath of, 842, oath sworn by Charles the Bald (later Holy Roman Emperor Charles II) and Louis the German in solemnizing their alliance against their brother, Emperor Lothair I. The chief political result of this alliance was the Treaty of Verdun (843; see Verdun, Treaty of).
		In addition to social differentiation, there might have been a ‘time-lag’ between Narbonensis and the rest of Gaul as the former was invaded as early as 125 while the latter was conquered in 52 (three generations later).
		But the Oath of Strasbourg is really posterior to Vulgar Latin : almost 900 years.
	www.antimoon.com /forum/posts/7131.htm (318 words)

	JLBG Strasbourg Travel Page - VirtualTourist.com
		In 842, by the Serment de Strasbourg (Oath of Strasbourg), Louis le Germanique (Louis the German) and Charles le Chauve (Charles the Bald), sons of Louis le Pieux (Louis the Pious) also called Louis le Débonnaire, allied together against their brother Lothaire in order to share the Empire of their grandfather Charlemagne (Charles the Great).
		The Serment de Strasbourg was the first document written both in Roman language, ancestor of French, spoken by the soldiers of Louis and in Tudesc, ancestor of German, spoken by the soldiers of Charles (see full text in tip).
		Strasbourg has been a bishopric since the 4th and soon became one of the most important in Europe.
	members.virtualtourist.com /m/6ce90/153dd (875 words)

	Jewish History Sourcebook: The Black Death and the Jews 1348-1349 CE
		Those people of Strasbourg, who had thus far escaped the plague and who thought that by killing off the Jews they would insure themselves against it in the future, were doomed to disappointment, for the pest soon struck the city and, it is said, took a toll of sixteen thousand lives.
		Thus were the Jews burnt at Strasbourg, and in the same year in all the cities of the Rhine, whether Free Cities or Imperial Cities or cities belonging to the lords.
		It was decided in Strasbourg that no Jew should enter the city for a hundred years, but before twenty years had passed, the council and magistrates agreed that they ought to admit the Jews again into the city for twenty years.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/jewish/1348-jewsblackdeath.html (2180 words)

	Oath of Strasbourg - HighBeam Encyclopedia
		Strasbourg, Oath of 842, oath sworn by Charles the Bald (later Holy Roman Emperor Charles II) and Louis the German in solemnizing their alliance against their brother, Emperor Lothair I.
		The chief political result of this alliance was the Treaty of Verdun (843; see Verdun, Treaty of).
		Each brother made his oath in the language of the other's followers, so that it might be understood.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-StrasbO.html (467 words)

	ABC of France, the official website for Alsace, Burgundy and Champagne-Ardenne regions
		In 842, The Strasbourg Oath of Allegiance written in Old German and Old French, decided the way Europe would be divided up under Charlemagne.
		Louis XIV captured Strasbourg in 1681; the Rhine became the frontier with Germany.
		With Geneva, Strasbourg is the only European city that is not a national capital to be the seat of international institutions.
	www.abcoffrance.com /alsace/history.cfm (734 words)

	Huck Onomastics
		In the early years of the sixteenth century, Strasbourg (or Strassburg, as it is spelled in German) became a center of Protestantism and the site of a historically important meeting between Luther and Calvin.
		In Bas-Rhin, which includes Strasbourg, the number of telephone numbers assigned to individuals named either Huck or Hug as a percentage of the total population of the region is about.044%.
		ThJophile Huck (1857-1927), born at Gresheim near Darmstadt, was a vicar in Strasbourg and a curate in Bischeim.
	www3.sympatico.ca /ghuck (9014 words)

	Memoirs of Popular Delusions Vol. 3 - Borri (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		All who were desirous of entering into the new communion took an oath of poverty, and relinquished their possessions for the general good of the fraternity.
		Borri told them that he had received from the archangel Michael a heavenly sword, upon the hilt of which were engraven the names of the seven celestial Intelligences.
		He afterwards went to Strasbourg, intending to fix his residence in that town.
	www.worldwideschool.org /library/books/relg/socialeccltheology/MemoirsofPopularDelusionsV3/chap35.html (2286 words)

	BS Foundations chapter 6
		Such an oath, sworn in God's name and generally given with one hand on a Bible or holy relic, was sacrosanct.
		The Strasbourg oath is a notable document as it indicates the growing division between the eastern and western halves of the Frankish realms.
		The nobles who accompanied the two kings were made to swear the oath in the language of their new allies.
	www.oglethorpe.edu /faculty/~b_smith/ou/bs_foundations_chapter6.htm (18106 words)

	Strasbourg-REOR
		Representatives of national parliaments in the Council of Europe member countries considered among the most important issues the situation in Kosovo, threats to the life and freedom of expression of journalists as well the spread of AIDS and HIV pandemic in Europe.
		Summing up the discussion on the spread of HIV/AIDS, the European deputies concluded that governments in the Council of Europe member countries are still not effective enough in protecting those who have fallen victim to this terrible disease.
		But it should be done in such a way that the Hyppocratic commandment ‘do no harm' should become journalists' oath as well', Father Mikhail said commenting on the PACE resolution on threats to the lives and freedom of expression of journalists, which affirms in particular the right of journalists to question religious dogmas.
	www.strasbourg-reor.org /?newlang=english (1036 words)

	Fritz Guercke - The Nile
		The first time the difference between the French and the Germans became apparent was in Strasbourg - a city later much-disputed by France and Germany - and it was a difference which was revealed by language.
		Charlemagne's grandchildren were engaged in a civil war (but not an international war), and in 842, in what became known as 'The Strasbourg Oath', two brothers swore allegiance against the third.
		The oath was sworn in Old French by Charles the Bald and in Old High German by Ludwig the German.
	mandela.inwent.org /ef/nile/guercke.htm (2280 words)

	History of Huguenot Society of South Carolina (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Protestants who met to study the Bible in secret were called Huis Genooten, or "house fellows." They were also referred to as Eid Genossen, or "oath fellows" meaning persons bound by an oath.
		A group of 1500 refugees, one of whom was John Calvin, fled the persecution and established the French Protestant Church in Strasbourg.
		On April 30,1598, King Henry IV of France, issued the Edict of Nantes, granting the Huguenots religious and political freedom.
	www.huguenotsociety.org /history.htm (459 words)

	Louis XVI of France, King and Martyr (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		It provided, among other things, that all clerical salaries should be paid out of tax funds, that all bishops should be elected by the taxpayers of the diocese, with every taxpayer eligible to vote regardless of religion.
		Louis was troubled, torn between his conscience as a Catholic, which told him that the measure was indefensible, and his conscience as a constitutional monarch, which told him that it was his duty to carry out the will of the people as expressed through the National Assembly.
		In 1791, in the Assembly itself, 42 of the 44 bishops present refused the oath, as did two-thirds of the lower clergy present.
	justus.anglican.org /resources/bio/82.html (1876 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Strasburg
		In 1790 the Constituent National Assembly secularized the Alsatian possessions of the diocese and Rohan transferred his see to the German portion of his bishopric.
		In Strasburg Brendel, a constitutional bishop, was elected; Eulogius Schneider, whom he appointed vicar-general, persecuted Catholic priests who refused to take the oath, until the overthrow of the Reign of Terror in Paris put an end to this injustice.
		By the Concordat of 1801 the Diocese of Strasburg received new boundaries, extending the jurisdiction of the bishop over and beyond Alsace to the Lake of Bienne in Switzerland, and south-westerly as far as Montbeliard.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/14313c.htm (2018 words)

	The Almanach de Holy Roman Empire , The History and Structure of The Holy Roman Empire of The German Nation .
		This oath preceded the coronation, led by the archbishop of Mainz.
		The imperial cities took an oath of loyalty at the time of coronation, but not the states of the empire, since each took such an oath at the time they inherited their fief.
		In the elect's absence his ambassador or representative took the oath, but the imperial government remained in the hands of the vicars until the elect had taken the oath himself.
	www.almanachdeholyromanempire.com (17571 words)

	Information portal "Women&Society"
		Pan African parliament has accepted the oath and has selected the first president the woman, the representative of Tanzania - Gertruda Mongella.
		The constitution of Russia has conceded a right to the citizen to address in interstate (international) bodies on protection of the rights and freedom of the person and the citizen if all interstate means of a legal protection have been settled.
		Such bodies according to the international contracts of the Russian Federation are Committee of the United Nations under human rights (Geneva) and the European court under human rights (Strasbourg).
	www.owl.ru /english/content (1049 words)

	Seven Thousand Years - Martin Gani
		According to artifacts in Strasbourg's Museum of Archeology, a viable farming community existed on the site some 7,500 years ago.
		Two of Charlemagne's grandsons, Louis the German and Charles the Bald, cemented their alliance of East Franks and West Franks against their brother, Emperor Lothair I, by taking the Oath of Strasbourg in 842.
		The oath was recorded in both Old German and Old French (vernaculars of the time) so that everyone could understand its contents.
	www.worldandi.com /specialreport/2003/January/Sa22869.htm (269 words)

	Lorraine (Traditional province, France)
		The alliance was confirmed in 842 by the Strasbourg Oath, which is the oldest text written both in Romanic and Germanic languages.
		It was proposed to design new arms for Alsace-Lorraine by combining the municipal arms of Strasbourg, capital city of the Reichsland, and Metz, capital city of the German Lorraine, but this proposal was rejected.
		The coat of arms officially granted by the Emperor combined the arms of the two Alsatian districts with the arms of Lorraine.
	www.fotw.net /flags/fr-lo.html (2912 words)

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