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Topic: Oba of Benin

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	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		Benin City should not be confused with the Republic of Benin, a Francophone country bordering Nigeria to the west.
		Founded around the 10th century, Benin served as the capital of the Kingdom of Benin, the empire of the Oba of Benin, which flourished from the 14th through the 17th century.
		Benin City was occupied in 1967 by the secessionist "Republic of Biafra" during the Nigerian Civil War which lasted from 1967 to 1970.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Benin_City (619 words)

	UNHCR - Nigeria: The Oba of Benin: rituals and practices (sacrifices); the palace of Egua Edaiken and whether or not ...
		UNHCR - Nigeria: The Oba of Benin: rituals and practices (sacrifices); the palace of Egua Edaiken and whether or not Chief Iserhienrhien Edorisagbon was Ogunoba (King's sorcerer) of Benin Kingdom
		Nigeria: The Oba of Benin: rituals and practices (sacrifices); the palace of Egua Edaiken and whether or not Chief Iserhienrhien Edorisagbon was Ogunoba (King's sorcerer) of Benin Kingdom
		Oba Eredauwa of Benin is the 35th king of Benin kingdom to be staying at the palace of Omo Noba Nedo Duku Akpolokpolo...
	www.unhcr.org /home/RSDCOI/3df4be8314.html (885 words)

	Raceandhistory.com - Nigeria: The Edo of Benin
		It is said that in the reign of Oba Ehengbuda the armies of the Oba of Edo and the Alafin of Oyo planted trees at Otun in the Yoruba country of Ekiti to demarcate the respective spheres of influence of the two empires.
		The present Oba, Erediauwa, is the 38th Oba of Benin continuing the line begun in the 12th century by Oba Eweka I. The fifteenth Oba in the generally accepted list is said to have been reigning when the Portuguese first visited Benin in 1485.
		Oba Esigie is remembered as a man of learning, and as having practiced astrology (Iwe-Uki), a forerunner of the science of astronomy, the study of the stars.
	www.raceandhistory.com /historicalviews/edoofbenin.htm (3931 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		On the death of the last Ogiso, his son and heir apparent Ekaladerhan was banished from Benin as a result of one of the Queens changing the message from the oracle to the Ogiso.
		Benin grew increasingly rich during the 16th and 17th centuries on the slave trade with Europe; slaves from enemy states of the interior were sold, and carried to the Americas in Dutch and Portuguese ships.
		However, after the slaying of eight British representatives in Benin territory, a 'Punitive Expedition' was launched in 1897, in which a British force, under the command of Admiral Sir Harry Rawson, conquered and burned the city, destroying much of the country's treasured art and dispersing nearly all that remained.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Kingdom_of_Benin (998 words)

	Yoruba and Benin Kingdom
		Oba of Benin gave a detail account of fact of history that are very difficult to dispute.
		Oba of Benin comment on the Edo’s checking the secrecy of Oranmiyan led to his abdication of the thrown for his son is not convincing enough taking into consideration the attitude of Oranmiyan who was believed to be ruthless, one would have thought he would have handled the issue in different method.
		Oba of Benin must explain the reason why the Head of all previous Oba of Benin were buried in a cave at the shrine of Oduduwa at IFE.
	www.gamji.com /article4000/NEWS4738.htm (3029 words)

	African States
		Benin is one of the states of southern Nigeria which claim to have obtained kingship from the Yoruba city of Ife.
		However, Benin prevented the depletion of its own population by prohibiting the export of males slaves during the 16th and 17th centuries, although it did import slaves purchased by Europeans elsewhere in West Africa, and resold some of them to the region which is now Ghana (see section on Asante below).
		The 19th century is often described by historians as a period of steady decline culminating in the conquest of Benin by the British in 1897.
	www.uiowa.edu /~africart/toc/history/giblinstate.html (5221 words)

	Isekhure Faults Benin Forum Over Adoption of Oshiomhole - Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Addressing journalists, the Chief priest said that the Benin Forum as a non political, socio economic and cultural organization of the Benin people has as its duty the aggregation of the interest of the Benins and not to dabble into politics without clearance from the Oba, who is the grand patron of the club.
		On media reports that the Iyase of Benin is second in command to the Oba, Chief Isekhure said "It is a historical fact that the Iyase was created by Oba Ewedo was elevated as head and the leaders of commoners (Okao Ovienoba).
		It is therefore, inappropriate, to equate the position of the Oba with those of his chiefs by referring to the title of the Iyase as second in command to the Oba of Benin."
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1Y1-105086143.html (430 words)

	ORAL TRADITION OF BENIN KINGSHIP
		In Benin, the story is told with nostalgia; in Ife, with euphoria and pride and belief that the Ooni of Ife is the father of the Oba of Benin.
		The question was answered by the Oba of Benin himself in a lecture he delivered on the EVOLUTION OF TRADITIONAL RULERSHIP IN NIGERIA under the auspices of the Institute of the African Studies of the University of Ibadan on September 11, 1984.
		This is strictly by the principle of primogeniture although, in Benin, unlike Britain and Europe, to the exclusion of the female child.
	www.edo-nation.net /oralt.htm (1957 words)

	Benin
		The Benin Kingdom dynasty is believed to have been founded in the 13th century and has a direct lineage from the founders to the current Oba (King) of Benin - Solomon Erediauwa II, who still holds considerable political, albeit unofficial, influence in the Edo and Delta states of Modern Nigeria.
		Oba Ewuare is viewed by many historians as the first Oba in what was Benin golden age, a succession of Obas strengthened and expanded the Kingdom and some of the most famous were Oba Ozolua (Ozolua the Conqueror), son of Ewuare, and his son Esigie.
		The Oba was exiled to Calabar a town in the far eastern part on Nigeria, and the Benin Kingdom was incorporated into the Protectorate of Southern Nigeria.
	www.ijebu.org /benin (902 words)

	Benin City - AfricanCities.net
		Benin was the capital of the Kingdom of Benin, the empire of the Oba of Benin which was probably founded in the 13th cent.
		The Bight of Benin's shore was known as the "Slave Coast." In the early 16th century, the Oba sent an ambassador to Lisbon, and the king of Portugal sent missionaries to Benin.
		To preserve Benin's independence, the Oba gradually banned the export of goods from Benin, until the trade was exclusively in palm oil.
	www.africancities.net /BeninCity/php/history.php (256 words)

	benin
		For a long time the Benin bronze sculptures were the only historical evidence dating back several centuries into the West African past, and both the level of technical accomplishment attained in bronze casting, as well as the monumental vigor of the figures represented, were the object of great admiration.
		Benin bronzes are better known than the artworks from Ife or Owo due to their presence in Western museums since 1890s.
		In the thirteenth century, the city of Benin was an agglomeration of farms enclosed by walls and a ditch.
	www.zyama.com /benin/pics..htm (764 words)

	Ogiso Times and Eweka Times: A Preliminary History of the Edoid Complex of Cultures
		Here, in the Benin case, we have an example of one of the most successful instances of achievements, by the House of Eweka, that were built from the history and culture of the previous dynasty of the House of Ogiso.
		Apparently, from the outcome of history, Benin took the calculated decision not to involve itself in the slave trade in the manner of other states and not to encourage slave raids such as those for which the Aro were notorious in the Igbo hinterland in eastern Niger Delta.
		A second reason is that Benin needed growth in its population for the management of its state affairs and for its external imperial engagements during the centuries of the Atlantic Slave Trade.
	www.waado.org /UrhoboHistory/Addresses_Lectures/Ogiso-Oba.htm (9515 words)

	Vanguard - National News : Oba of Benin, Gov Igbinedion laud retiring chief judge
		BENIN CITY — GOVERNOR Igbinedion of Edo State and the Bini monarch, Oba Erediauwa yesterday bade farewell to the state Chief Judge, Justice Olufunmilayo Oni-Okpaku on her retirement from the service, describing her tenure of leadership as rewarding for the judiciary and the state.
		On his part, the Oba of Benin described the tenure of the chief judge as rewarding and one characterised by development strides and progress.
		Earlier in her speeches at the palace of the Oba and the Governor's Office, Justice Oni-Okpaku thanked the oba and the governor for her tenure as Chief Judge of the state.
	www.vanguardngr.com /articles/2002/niger_delta/nd304112005.html (0 words)

	IDST 2310 The Fine and Applied Arts in Civilization
		The climax of the growth of the Oba's power before the arival of the Portuguse was during the reign of Ewuare, who built a new palace which separated the twon chiefs from the Oba and his palace chiefs by an enormous wall.
		According to Benin tradition, bronze heads to honor and commemorate the ancestors of the Oba were first created in the late fourteenth century and placed on altars dedicated to each past Oba.
		Although Portuguese manillas (brass and copper rings) were used as a form of currency in Benin from the late fifteenth to the mid-twentieth century, the strong presence of Portuguese currency did not allow the Portuguese to dictate the terms of trade.
	www.faculty.de.gcsu.edu /~dvess/ids/fap/benin.htm (4166 words)

	Incurring the Oba (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In January 1999, the military administrator of Edo State, Navy Captain Ibe Anthony Onyearugbulem suspended the Oba of Benin as the chairman of the State Traditional Rulers Council.
		The Oba is the paramount ruler over the kingdom which is politically, the Edo South senatorial district.
		He says it is an insult for him to go to the palace of the Oba of Benin to receive his stipend, being the only traditional ruler in Egor.
	www.nigerdeltacongress.com /iarticles/incurring_the_oba.htm (1025 words)

	Benin (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In the early eighteenth century, when the kingdom had gone into a decline and the city was in ruins, a Dutch visitor reported seeing heads, such as these, cast in copper, with carved elephant tusks on top.
		The art of Benin was primarily a court art, created by guilds under control of the king.
		A Portuguese trader in the early 1500s reported that the people of Benin were distinguished from their neighbors by scarification marks over their eyebrows.
	www.albrightknox.org /ArtStart/Benin.html (650 words)

	The British and the Benin Bronzes
		Despite the Oba's attempts to dissuade Phillips from coming, in a courteous manner so as not to provoke him, Phillips stubborn insistence played right into the hands of the radicals who sought to weaken the Oba in the name of defending the nation's sovereignty.
		After the death of Oba Ovonramwen in exile his eldest son was allowed to return to Benin and the dynasty was restored.
		The Benin art treasures were treated as little more than curios when they were first brought to this country but as the wonderful quality of the ivory carving and bronze casting became appreciated it was reflected in ever increasing prices in the art auction rooms of the world.
	www.arm.arc.co.uk /britishBenin.html (1768 words)

	EDSITEment - Lesson Plan
		Anyone who lived in the West African kingdom of Benin during its existence from the 12th or 13th century until its conquest by the British in 1897 was left in no doubt about one thing: the power of the king of Benin.
		Note to students that, despite its name, the kingdom of Benin was located in southern Nigeria, not in the neighboring country of Benin.
		For the scenes on the plaques showed what the oba of Benin wanted his people to think about him—that he was powerful and that he was divine.
	edsitement.neh.gov /view_lesson_plan.asp?id=412 (1529 words)

	Benin Art Bronze Sculpture
		The Rulers of Benin and Yoruba had close ties, and by the fifteenth century Benin became and important power in the region.
		The Benin Empire soon became the largest of the political systems of the Guinea Coast and toward the middle of the sixteenth century; the Oba ruled an area, which spread from modern Lagos to the Niger Delta.
		The king (Oba) was associated with the leopard these types of sculptures appeared on altars in the queen mothers palace at Uselu just outside the Capital of Benin.
	www.rebirth.co.za /sculpture/bronze.htm (474 words)

	allAfrica.com: Nigeria: Benin Monarch Tasks Politicians On Peace (Page 1 of 1) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Benin monarch, Omo N'Oba Erediauwa, yesterday called on stakeholders in the ongoing political dispensation to pursue peace at all cost adding that Nigeria is in dire need of nothing but peace at this moment.
		It would be recalled that the Oba of Benin had last Wednesday gave a royal bead to the Edo deputy governor as mark of recognition of the service of the deputy governor to the development of the state.
		Speaking at the occasion, Oba Erediauwa said Nigerians should endeavour to engage in a peaceful electioneering campaign at a time like this in view of the fact that the nation is passing through another politically inclined trying moment.
	allafrica.com /stories/200702090643.html (447 words)

	oba erediauwa benintext2 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		On march 23, 1979, Prince Solomon, a graduate of Cambridge University, was crowned Oba (king) of Benin.
		The new growth of the hair signified the rebirth of the kingdom, and the re-establishment of the harmony between man and the elements, that had been broken for an instant by the death.
		Sometimes the Oba (king) would parade around, surrounded by leopards at the head of an impressive procession of warriors.
	www.abujacity.com /cultu/kings/erediauwa.htm (158 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		This was as a result of peace treaty, which the Oba of Benin entered into with the Alaafin of Oyo.
		This was clearly evident during the meeting of all Yoruba Obas that was held with Governor Sir Mcgregor on 31st May, 1939 at Rex Cinema in Ibadan.
		The Arará, from what is today Benin (Dahomey), were numerically smaller than the other groups, but were respected for the power of their gods.
	www.lycos.com /info/yoruba-people--benin-empire.html (586 words)

	History of Obadan, Obadan People, Edo People, Benin arts and Culture, OBA GHATOR' KPERE! - ISE
		Benin City is the capital city of Edo state which is the Midwest east of Nigeria, West Africa.
		The Oba of Benin in reply, called on one of his sons called Amenze next to the heir apparent to be the Enogie of Obadan.
		In 1896 when Oba Ovonramwen had wanted to lay an onslaught on the people of Agbor and the neighboring towns who rebelled against the Kingdom, he camped more than ten thousand soldiers that were recruited from far and near villages at Obadan for training.
	www.obadan.com /Obadan.php?Action=CHoB&View=Tradition&Position= (0 words)

	[No title]
		This was dedicated to the Oba's mother and would have been placed in the middle of her altar.
		The Permanent Representative of the Republic of Benin to the United Nations is located at 4 East 73rd Street, New York, NY 10021 tel.
		Benin's shore includes what used to be known as the Slave Coast, from where captives were shipped across the Atlantic.
	www.lycos.com /info/benin--miscellaneous.html (365 words)

	Some Thoughts and Information on Benin-Urhobo Relations
		Beginning with Oba Ewedo (circa 1260 - 1274) until the end of Uwaifiokun's reign (circa 1434 - 1440) it was known as "Ubini" until Ewuare changed it.
		Come to think of it, if everyone "left" Benin, but no-one came back into it, it would have been depopulated unless there is evidence that the reproductive capabilities of the Benin people were boundless.
		The frantic activities of the British Resident of the Warri Province to suppress linkages with Benin after the restoration of the monarchy in Benin City are well documented in British Administrative reports since 1914.
	www.waado.org /Organizations/UHS/Debates/UrhoboBeninRelations/Omoigui.html (1778 words)

	House of Commons - Culture, Media and Sport - Appendices to the Minutes of Evidence
		I am also the Chairman of the Benin Centenary Committee established in 1996 to commemorate 100 years of Britain's invasion of Benin, the action which led to the removal of the cultural property.
		The text quoted above was taken from the paper presented at the Benin Centenary Lectures by Professor P A Igbafe of the Department of History, University of Benin on 17 February 1997.
		In view of the fore-going, the following reliefs are sought on behalf of the Oba and people of Benin who have been impoverished, materially and psychologically, by the wanton looting of their historically and cultural property.
	www.publications.parliament.uk /pa/cm199900/cmselect/cmcumeds/371/371ap27.htm (0 words)

	Benin bronze effigy of the oba of benin
		Benin-Travel-Activities - Benin bronze effigy of the oba of benin
		benin bronze effigy of the oba of benin
		see benin bronze effigy of the oba of benin bulletins, benin bronze effigy of the oba of benin current events and benin bronze effigy of the oba of benin forums.
	www.goto-benin.com /Benin-Travel-Activities/benin-bronze-effigy-of-the-oba-of-benin.html (0 words)

	Benin bronze hip masks and Benin Oba commemorative heads - RAND AFRICAN ART
		Current leaders of the kingdom of Benin trace their origins to a ruling dynasty that began in the fourteenth century.
		The title of "oba," or king, is passed on to the firstborn son of each successive king of Benin at the
		Oba Esigie to honor his mother, Idia, for her help in averting two serious threats to his rule and the integrity of the
	www.randafricanart.com /Benin_Oba_commemorative_heads.html (1998 words)

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