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Topic: Obelisk

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	Obelisk of the World
		Psammetikos II Obelisk in the Piazza di Montecitorio.
		Obelisk of Urbino at the Piazza del Rinascimento.
		Amenhotep II Obelisk in the University of Durham.
	members.aol.com /Sokamoto31/obelisk.htm (485 words)

	Obelisk - LoveToKnow 1911
		The typical Egyptian obelisk is an upright monolith of nearly square section, generally to diameters in height, the sides slightly convex, tapering upwards very gradually and evenly, and terminated by a pyramidion whose faces are inclined at an angle of 60°.
		Obelisks were usually raised on pedestals of cubical form resting on one or two steps, and were set up in pairs in front of the entrance of temples.
		obelisk of Hatshepsut at Karnak, 97 ft. 6 in.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Obelisk (945 words)

	BBC NEWS \| World \| Africa \| Obelisk arrives back in Ethiopia
		The Axum obelisk is regarded as one of Ethiopia's national religious treasures.
		The ornately decorated 24-metre (78ft) obelisk is regarded as an outstanding example of architecture from the ancient city of Axum, itself seen as one of the four great kingdoms of the ancient world.
		The obelisk was wrapped in steel bars to stabilise it in case of turbulence during the six-hour flight, Lattanzi director Simone Pietero told AP.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/africa/4458105.stm (544 words)

	The Tello Obelisk, a Chavín de Huantár Sculpture
		The Lanzón and the Obelisk are unique exceptions to the three groups of Old Temple sculpture at Chavín; ashlars carved in flat relief, three-dimensional tenoned heads set into the exterior stone walls of the platform mound, and mortars.
		The fame of the Obelisk is attributable to the iconographic richness of Chavín art, and the obelisk is the most iconographically complex of the Chavín objects.
		The configuration at Chavín is reminiscent of the configuration at Tiwanaku, where a millennium later it is repeated by the Ponce monolith inside the Kalasasaya monument, and a tall, slender monolith in the sunken court, in front of and centered on the Kalasasaya axis and aligned to the Equinox sunrise.
	www.jqjacobs.net /andes/tello.html (2082 words)

	In Italy Online - Chasing Obelisks in Rome
		Originally built in the 15th century BC for Pharaohs Tuthmosis III and Tuthmosis IV, it was brought to Rome in 357 by Emperor Constantius and placed in the Circus Maximus.
		Fervent obelisk lovers who believe that a throbbing heart exists inside these stone monoliths have a special fondness for Axum, whose story lives on into the 21st century.
		At a cost of around 1.5 million Euros, the obelisk will once again be broken into three segments, carefully wrapped in a gel, mortar and carbon-fiber shell, and airlifted back to its home, probably sometime in 2003.
	www.initaly.com /regions/classic/obelisks.htm (605 words)

	NOVA Online \| Mysteries of the Nile \| Karnak Temple: Obelisk Court
		He built the Third Pylon, while Tuthmosis I erected the older Fourth Pylon, which was the front of the temple during his reign.
		You start by facing north towards the obelisk of Tuthmosis I. If you look carefully, you can see that it leans slightly to the left.
		To the right of it -- that is, beyond the ruins of the Fourth Pylon -- rears the obelisk of the pharaoh Hatshepsut, the largest still standing in Egypt.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/nova/egypt/explore/karnakobel.html (241 words)

	Obelisk
		Although it is familiarly known as Cleopatra's Needle, the dedication of the Obelisk in fact had nothing to do with Cleopatra, but was a self-commissioned tribute to Egypt's Thutmosis III (an accurate attribution, but clearly without the popular appeal of the Queen of the Nile).
		The Obelisk was erected in Heliopolis around 1500 BC, moved to Alexandria, and from there to the United States in 1881.
		Moving the Obelisk from Alexandria, Egypt, to Central Park was a feat second only to its original construction.
	www.centralparknyc.org /virtualpark/thegreatlawn/obelisk (346 words)

	Beckmann-KG \| Produkte » Obelisk
		Obelisk - Beckmann KG Obelisk schwarz Ø 35 cm Höhe 174 cm
		Dieser Obelisk besteht aus stabilen Stahl-Vierkantrohren, innen und außen schwarz einbrennlackiert, witterungsbeständig, wartungsfrei.
		Obelisk schwarz Ø 59 cm Höhe 268 cm
	www.beckmann-kg.de /s_shop/obelisk (146 words)

	St. Peter's - The Obelisk (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Obelisk is from obeliscus - "in the shape of a spear".
		The obelisk which comes from Heliopolis, Egypt, where it was built by the Pharaoh Mencares in 1835 BC in honor of the sun, was brought to Rome in 37 BC by the Emperor Caligula (37-41) and erected in the circus he built.
		This monolithic obelisk in red granite, 25 meters high and weighing approximately 1 million pounds, had been taken from the city of Alexandria by Caligula (37-41 A.D.) to be placed on the spine of the circus later to be known as Nero's, situated to the left of the Old Basilica.
	www.stpetersbasilica.org /Exterior/Obelisk/Obelisk.htm (896 words)

	The Obelisks of Rome by Activitaly
		The oldest and tallest obelisk in Rome is the one in the middle of the Square of S. Giovanni in Laterano.
		The obelisk in the “Piazza del Popolo” is known as the Flaminio obelisk named after the ancient “Via Flaminia” and is the second oldest one in Rome.
		The obelisk that one admires in the gardens of the Pincio instead, is a Roman reproduction of the age of the Emperor Hadrian.
	www.argiletumtour.com /news/obelisks/obelischi.htm (892 words)

	OBELISK MYSTERY (Response to NOVA feature) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The obelisk's center of gravity is approximately 40 feet from its base end, so the effort required to lift the opposite end of the obelisk plus its offset weight (at 2 feet)and the 6 ton piston would be approximately equal in weight to 10 men.
		For a 100 foot obelisk, the tower upon which the obelisk must ultimately rest needs only to be 40 feet high, which represents significantly less rubble than the ramps or sand container suggested in the article.
		If the angle of the rotation of the obelisk and contact with the base block were carefully enough calculated, loosening and removal of the upper fulcrum block could then allow the bottom contact point of the obelisk with the base to become the new fulcrum.
	home.earthlink.net /~edfraughton/obelisk.html (699 words)

	Obelisk
		All four sides of the obelisk were embellished by hieroglyphs, often with dedications to the sun god Re or with commemorations of the lives of the rulers.
		Obelisks were normally between 15 and 30 metre high, but this depended on the epoch they were made in.
		The obelisks were transported to their destinations on barges, and they were erected by hauling up a ramp that was made from earth.
	i-cias.com /e.o/obelisk.htm (268 words)

	OBELISKS OF ROME (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Several obelisks were repaired, turned from pagan to Christian monuments by the addition of new inscriptions, topped with a cross and with the heraldic symbols of the pope and eventually moved to the center of a piazza or in front of a basilica.
		The obelisk was originally erected by Psammetichus II in the 7th century B.C. and then brought to Rome by Augustus who placed it as a sundial in a vast square (Horologium Divi Augusti) where its shadow indicated the hours of the day and the days of the year.
		The top of the obelisk is decorated with the mountains and the star of Sixtus V. In 1781 the second obelisk was discovered; it was broken into three pieces and it was repaired and placed (1786) by Pius VI in Piazza del Quirinale between two existing colossal statues.
	www.romeartlover.it /Obelisks.html (2018 words)

	The Axum Obelisk
		Past ‘technical difficulties’ have been overcome; the obelisk cannot be transported in one piece and technical discussions revolved around whether to cut the obelisk where it had previously broken or cut it in a straight line along its door/window emblems.
		Heaters were installed to protect the monument from freezing air temperatures, and steel bars were wrapped around the obelisk to stabilise it in case of turbulence during the six-hour flight.
		The arrival of this second part of the obelisk was welcomed by members of the National Committee for the Return of Axum Obelisk and officials and residents of Axum town.
	www.ethioembassy.org.uk /fact%20file/a-z/Looted%20Treasure/The%20Axum%20Obelisk.htm (1331 words)

	Saudi Aramco World : An Obelisk for Central Park (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The "needle"—a modern term for obelisks apparently deriving from the shape—had its genesis in the 15th century B.C. when Thothmes III dispatched a 120,000-man contingent 600 miles up the Nile to the Aswan quarry with instructions to provide him with a pair of red granite obelisks for the great Temple of Tum.
		It meant that Gorringe had to move the obelisk 10 miles by water instead of one mile by land, scrap specially designed equipment to haul it by land, and replace it with pontoons to float the obelisk to the ship.
		In the park the obelisk and the pedestal were mounted on a bed with rollers and moved across a huge wooden trestle to a knoll chosen by city authorities as the site.
	www.saudiaramcoworld.com /issue/197504/an.obelisk.for.central.park.htm (1863 words)

	George Rapanos Obelisk History
		Obelisks were carved and raised by many ancient Egyptian pharaohs in the Middle and New Kingdoms, but the most impressive examples were created in the 15th century B.C. These magnificent "skyscrapers of the past" were carved from a single piece of granite, could rise over 100 feet, and weighed as much as 450 tons.
		The new 30-ton obelisk, quarried in New Hampsire, was laid horizontally atop an earthen ramp.
		Rapanos has long contemplated the construction of an obelisk to be dedicated to the memory of his parents Alexandros Nicolaous Rapanos and Nicoleta (Agnostropoulos) Rapanos and other immigrants to America.
	www.rapanos.com /ObeliskHistory.php (555 words)

	History of the Egyptian Obelisks (Site not responding. Last check: )
		of the Sun temple in Heliopolis and is the oldest obelisk surviving.
		In 1950, the obelisk was in danger of collapse because the Nilo river had
		risen and the obelisk was under the water during part of the year.
	www.egipto.com /obeliscos/heliopolis2.html (113 words)

	Erecting an Obelisk
		This "turning groove" was identical to the groove cut into the plinths on the original Egyptian obelisks and its purpose is to stop the base of the obelisk sliding forward as the obelisk is erected.
		As the obelisk rises degree by degree fewer or shorter levers can be employed as the weight to be lifted decreases as the obelisk progress's towards vertical.
		By the time the obelisk has reached 75 degrees levers as short as 6ft will be sufficient to move the obelisk on to 90 degrees or vertical.
	homepage.ntlworld.com /g.pipes/erecting_an_obelisk.htm (815 words)

	Obelisk 2
		Obelisk 2 is an updated and enhanced version of the original Obelisk.
		Obelisk 2's primary new feature is a POV mode that displays images in 12 bit color (16 with the yellows).
		Obelisk 2 has been shown at several parties and events since it returned from Burning Man. As with the Obelisk, the two eight foot segments are usually configured to respond to left and right audio channels.
	sub-zero.mit.edu /fbyte/ledart/obelisk2 (370 words)

	Discovery Channel :: News :: Italy Returns Stolen Obelisk to Ethiopia
		The monument is one of a group of six obelisks erected at Axum when Ethiopia adopted Christianity in the 4th century A.D. It was stolen by the Italian dictator Benito Mussolini in 1937 and turned into a symbol of fascist power during his short-lived efforts to revive the grandeur of imperial Rome.
		With each section of the obelisk weighing between 70 and 80 tons, Italian authorities have to find a plane strong enough to carry the monument's huge weight and some other 50 tons of machinery and casing.
		Six million euros ($7.8 million) and five daredevil flights — one for each section of the obelisk, one for the machinery and another one to test the airstrip — will be necessary to return the obelisk and assemble it in an archaeological park in Axum.
	dsc.discovery.com /news/briefs/20041122/axumobelisk.html (623 words)

	obelisk. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Obelisks of colossal size were first raised in the XII dynasty.
		Many of the historic shafts have been carried from Egypt, notably one of the reign of Ramses II from Luxor, now in the Place de la Concorde, Paris, and Cleopatra’s Needles in London and New York.
		In the United States two familiar structures of obelisk form (though not monoliths) are the Washington and the Bunker Hill monuments.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ob/obelisk.html (278 words)

	The Broken Obelisk -- www.rothkochapel.org
		Newman constructed three Broken Obelisks – one is here in Houston, one is in the Museum of Modern Art in New York, and the third on the campus of the University of Washington in Seattle.
		The Obelisk’s wellbeing remained unstable until August, 2004, when experts from the Menil were brought in to conserve it.
		Barnett Newman once said, “The Obelisk is concerned with life and I hope that I have transformed its tragic content into a glimpse of the sublime.” This living dedication to Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
	www.rothkochapel.org /BrokenObelisk.htm (692 words)

	Barnett Newman's 'Broken Obelisk.' - sculpture Art Journal - Find Articles
		Broken Obelisk is not just another example of the creative process as conceived in the 1950s by the New York School, the successor to Abstract Expressionism, and its critics.
		At the very least, Broken Obelisk distills and exemplifies a basic conception of the generation of World War II and earlier: the triumph of life over death and the human spirit over suffering.
		Broken Obelisk stands as part of a long Romantic tradition that began at the end of the eighteenth century and still lives today: the quest to honor, and sometimes, to expiate, the dead, especially the war dead.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0425/is_n4_v53/ai_16548158 (771 words)

	Anthony "Obelisk" Ryshyr
		The Obelisk is made of magical stone, and in addition to being highly resistant to harm, can alter its form and density, even appearing as a normal human if Ryshyr desires.
		As part of the magical nature of the Obelisk, Ryshyr is highly resistant (but not invulnerable) to mental and spiritual attack, as his soul and mind are literally encased (and trapped) within the magical stone of the Obelisk.
		Obelisk can alter his density, either becoming incredibly massive and tough, or dispersing his particles so as to be able to pass through any silicate and make himself virtually immune to most attacks.
	home.att.net /~dalemckee/Brigade/Obeliskbio.htm (508 words)

	obelisk (Site not responding. Last check: )
		An obelisk is a monolithic stone monument whose four sides, which generally carry inscriptions, gently taper into a pyramidion at the top.
		The Egyptian obelisks were always carved from single pieces of stone, usually pink granite from the distant quarries at Aswan, but exactly how they were transported hundreds of miles and then erected without block and tackle remains something of a mystery.
		It has been suggested that the erection of the obelisk was a gesture symbolizing the 'djed' pillar, the Osirian symbol standing for the backbone of the physical world and the channel through which the divine spirit might rise to rejoin its source.
	www.masters-table.org /pagan/oblis.htm (1424 words)

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