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	BBC NEWS \| Africa \| Obelisk arrives back in Ethiopia
		The Axum obelisk is regarded as one of Ethiopia's national religious treasures.
		The ornately decorated 24-metre (78ft) obelisk is regarded as an outstanding example of architecture from the ancient city of Axum, itself seen as one of the four great kingdoms of the ancient world.
		The obelisk was wrapped in steel bars to stabilise it in case of turbulence during the six-hour flight, Lattanzi director Simone Pietero told AP.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/africa/4458105.stm (0 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Axum
		Axum is the capital of the Abyssinian province of Tigré, and nestles in a kloof, or valley, beneath a lofty peak of the Adoua mountains, at 7,545 feet above the level of the sea.
		Axum are the above mentioned Etchigeh (Etchagué), or principal bishop, always a native; the Nebrid, a kind of archdeacon or head of the priesthood and rector of the cathedral; the Lij Kaneat, or judge in ecclesiastical matters, together with monks and priests of various grades.
		Axum a bilingual inscription in Greek and Gheez (the
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/02163a.htm (1063 words)

	Obelisk of Axum Information
		The obelisk was carved and erected in the town of Axum (in modern-day Ethiopia) during the 4th century by subjects of the Kingdom of Aksum, an ancient Ethiopian civilization.
		It was looted from Axum by the Italian army in 1937, after the Italian conquest of Abyssinia, and taken to Rome to stand in front of the Ministry for Italian Africa (later the headquarters of the United Nations's Food and Agriculture Organization).
		The Obelisk of Axum in Rome in 2002.
	www.bookrags.com /Obelisk_of_Axum (434 words)

	Axum - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Axum, also Aksum, is a city in Tigray, northern Ethiopia, located at the base of the Adoua mountains.
		Axum is considered to be the holiest city in Ethiopia and is an important destination of pilgrimages.
		Despite a 1947 United Nations agreement that the obelisk would be shipped back, Italy balked, resulting in a long-standing diplomatic dispute with the Ethiopian government, which views the obelisk as a symbol of national identity.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Aksum (641 words)

	Obelisk
		Obelisks were a prominent part of the architecture of the ancient Egyptiansians, who placed them in pairs at the entrance of temples.
		The obelisk symbolized the sun god Ra and during the brief religious reformation of Akhenaten was said to be a petrified ray of the aten, the sundisk.
		Foro Italico, Rome (on Lungotevere Marasciallo Diaz) - obelisk erected in 1932 to honour Mussolini.
	www.gogoglo.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/o/ob/obelisk.html (727 words)

	Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume 2: Assizes-Browne \| Christian Classics Ethereal Library
		Modern Axum is the capital of the Abyssinian province of Tigré, and nestles in a kloof, or valley, beneath a lofty peak of the Adoua mountains, at 7,545 feet above the level of the sea.
		Axum claims to hold in the innermost recesses of its cathedral the original Tables of the Law and the tabout, or Ark of the Covenant that the Abyssinians say was brought from Jerusalem to their ancient fortress of Ava by Menelek, the son of Solomon, and the Queen of Sheba, and transferred later to Axum.
		The only standing obelisk of the decorated kind, highly carved with sham doors and beam ends, in imitation of a manystoried edifice, is nine stories high, and ends with a semicircular finial, on which is still to be seen a representation of the solar disk.
	www.ccel.org /ccel/herbermann/cathen02.html?term=Axum (1172 words)

	Obelisk of Axum information - Search.com
		The Obelisk of Axum in Rome in 2002.
		The Obelisk of Axum is a 1700-year-old, 24-metre (78-foot) tall granite obelisk, weighing over 100 tonnes, carved in or around the 4th century by the Axumite Kingdom, an ancient Ethiopian culture.
		It was looted from the town of Axum (in modern-day Ethiopia) by the Italian army in 1937, after the Italian conquest of Abyssinia, and taken to Rome to stand in front of the Ministry for Italian Africa (later the headquarters of the United Nations's Food and Agriculture Organization).
	domainhelp.search.com /reference/Obelisk_of_Axum (409 words)

	The Axum Obelisk
		The Axum civilisation was one of the first to adopt Christianity (in the early 4th century), but the obelisks pre-date the Christian period.
		Past ‘technical difficulties’ have been overcome; the obelisk cannot be transported in one piece and technical discussions revolved around whether to cut the obelisk where it had previously broken or cut it in a straight line along its door/window emblems.
		The arrival of this second part of the obelisk was welcomed by members of the National Committee for the Return of Axum Obelisk and officials and residents of Axum town.
	www.ethioembassy.org.uk /fact%20file/a-z/Looted%20Treasure/The%20Axum%20Obelisk.htm (1331 words)

	Ethiopia, Science Social Sciences Archaeology
		The Axum Obelisk - Italy promised in writing - in the 1947 Peace Treaty - to return the obelisk to Axum and is closer than ever to doing so.
		A Technical Report of 1971 Considered - From Addis Tribune, the story of the Aksum Obelisk looted by Fascist Italy in 1937, and not returned in accordance with the Italian Peace Treaty of 1947 and the bilateral Ethio-Italian Obelisk agreement of 1997, has many chapters.
		Obelisk Returned to Ethiopia After 68 Years - From the Guardian, the first piece of a huge 1,700-year-old granite obelisk was returned home from Italy to Ethiopia yesterday, 68 years after it was looted by the troops of the fascist Italian dictator Benito Mussolini.
	etby.net /science-social-sciences-archaeology.html (0 words)

	Axum Obelisk re-erection discussed with UNESCO « Elginism
		Ethiopia is starting to prove that this will no be the case with the Axum Obelisk by consulting extensively with UNESCO about the best way to re-erect the Obelisk in its original location.
		The Axum obelisk, weighing 160 tons and standing 24 meters high, is around 1,700 years old and has become a symbol of the Ethiopian people’s identity.
		The delegation, led by Minister of Culture Teshome Toga, left for the headquarters of UNESCO to discuss studies conducted by Ethiopia and the organization concerning the re-erection of the obelisk as well as to set a timeframe for the re-erection.
	www.elginism.com /20050728/178 (451 words)

	Macomb Daily : Axum Obelisk going home to Ethiopia 04/19/05
		Heaters were installed in the plane's cargo bay to protect the stone from the cold of cruising altitude, and workers wrapped the obelisk fragment in steel bars to stabilize it in case of turbulence during the six-hour flight, Pietero said.
		Axum, now home to about 60,000 people, was the capital of a kingdom established between 200 and 100 B.C. and that at one time stretched across the Red Sea into parts of the Arabian Peninsula.
		Obelisks are among the few tangible remains of the past glory of Axum, which sits about 530 miles north of Ethiopia's capital in the shadow of the Adwa Mountains where Emperor Menelik II defeated the Italian army in 1896 -- the greatest modern victory of an African army over a European force.
	www.macombdaily.com /stories/041905/sta_obelisk001.shtml (754 words)

	Arrival of Axum Obelisk Postponed Once Again
		Ethiopians say they are shocked and dismayed that the return of their famed Axum obelisk from Italy has once again been postponed.
		Italy, which took the ancient monument from Ethiopia as a prize of conquest nearly 70 years ago, was supposed to begin delivering the obelisk in sections.
		Because of its size and weight, the 160-metric-ton obelisk had to be broken into three sections, and Italy agreed to deliver it piece-by-piece by cargo plane over a 10-day period.
	www.addistribune.com /Archives/2005/04/15-04-05/axum.html (500 words)

	Axum
		Axum is also known for its massive, towering sculptures that are more than two thousand years old.
		Axum dates back some 2,000 years to when it was the hub of the Axumite Empire.
		The 16th century Church of St Mary of Zion is the holiest Christian sanctuary in Ethiopia, and Ethiopians believe that the church houses the Ark of the Covenant, containing the tables on which Moses wrote the Ten Commandments.
	www.selamta.net /axum.htm (829 words)

	The Epoch Times \| Axum Obelisk's Return to Ethiopia Delayed
		The obelisk is believed to have been a funeral stele that was used to mark graves.
		For years the Axum obelisk stood in Rome, in front of Mussolini's Ministry of Italian Africa, as a symbol of dominance.
		Undersecretary Mantica has insisted that the obelisk is going back to its country of origin as a voluntary contribution on the part of the Italian government to the national identity of Ethiopia.
	en.epochtimes.com /news/4-11-18/24447.html (444 words)

	Return of Axum Obelisk (Site not responding. Last check: )
		As we are celebrating the return of the obelisk to the historic city of Axum one may contemplate on the actual gain the country might have derived from this development.
		Axum is the cradle of Ethiopia's historic Christian heritage and its ancient civilization.
		The return of the Axum Obelisk is therefore one of the successful achievements in addressing the several age old problems which previous governments have failed to resolve for half a century.
	www.waltainfo.com /Conflict/Articles/2005/Apr/article5.htm (1205 words)

	Obelisk to be broken up to return to Ethiopia
		The 1,700-year-old obelisk was broken into pieces for its journey from Ethiopia to Italy, and technicians say it will be re-broken along some of the same lines for the trip home.
		The obelisk, which is too massive to lift and fly back in one piece, was broken up on its trip to Italy, then cemented together and held up with bronze rods.
		She said breaking the obelisk along the cement would be risky, and she argued that new clean cuts would be less likely to harm the monument.
	www.ethiomedia.com /news/obelisk_coming_home.html (593 words)

	Roman Monographies - Obelisks (part III) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The main differences with Egyptian obelisks is that Ethiopian ones have a rectangular base, on one side of which a false door is carved.
		In the first half of the 19th century, two obelisks in the shape of Egyptian ones were commissioned by duke Torlonia for the gardens of one of his roman mansions, along via Nomentana.
		In 1932 an obelisk was erected in front of the Foro Italico, the large sport centre built during the years of the fascist regime.
	roma.freewebpages.org /roma-co3.htm (847 words)

	Preservation Online: Story of the Week Archives: Pillar of Strength
		The Axum Obelisk, which has adorned a Roman piazza for the last 67 years, is waiting to be shipped back to Ethiopia.
		The obelisk is scheduled to be shipped home to the northern Ethiopian city of Axum, or Aksum, sometime this spring—that is, if the Italian government can find a plane capable of lifting the 160-ton monument.
		The Axum Obelisk was raised in the middle of Piazza di Porta Capena, in front of what was then the Ministry of the Colonies, but which is now the headquarters of the UN Food and Agriculture Organization.
	www.nationaltrust.org /magazine/archives/arch_story/022004.htm (1149 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Africa \| Return of Axum obelisk 'imminent'
		Ethiopia's government has said Italy is to return the first piece of a historic obelisk from Rome to its home in Axum by the end of March.
		The move breaks a long deadlock over the return of a monument taken from the northern town of Axum in 1937, during Italy's brief occupation of Ethiopia.
		The Ethiopian foreign ministry said the whole of the 1,700-year-old obelisk should be back by the end of April.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/africa/4308647.stm (0 words)

	Final piece of Axum Obelisk arrives in Ethiopia « Elginism
		ADDIS ABABA, Ethiopia (AP) - The third and final piece of the Axum obelisk was returned to Ethiopia from Italy on Monday, as thousands cheered the end of an almost 70-year dispute over a symbol of African civilization stolen by European troops as a war prize.
		The Italian government first promised to return the obelisk, which was erected in the Circus Maximus in central Rome, in 1947.
		Massive obelisks are among a few tangible remains of the past glory of Axum, an area lying in the shadow of the Adwa Mountains where Emperor Menelik II defeated the Italians in 1896 - the greatest modern victory of an African army over a European force.
	www.elginism.com /20050425/33 (619 words)

	Obelisk of Axum - Article from FactBug.org - the fast Wikipedia mirror site
		It was looted from the town of Axum (in modern-day Ethiopia) by the Italian army in 1937, during Mussolini's regime, and taken to Rome to stand in front of the Ministry for Italian Africa (later the headquarters of the UN's Food and Agriculture Organization).
		After years of pressure, the Italian government agreed, in April 1997 to return it; the first steps in dismantling the obelisk and shipping it home were taken in November 2003, with the intent to ship the obelisk back to Ethiopia in March 2004.
		The obelisks have a rectangular base with a false door carved on one side.
	www.factbug.org /cgi-bin/a.cgi?a=363978 (335 words)

	Ethiopia waits for the Axum obelisk: again - Health - RedOrbit
		The Axum obelisk, stolen by Italian fascist invaders in 1937 and given back last April, still has not been re-erected at its original site, a place that was once the center of Ethiopia's ancient Axumite civilization, a powerful trading empire.
		Confusion has swirled about why the 160-ton obelisk, which was to have been put back together and raised within three months, is not standing yet in its rightful home -- a field in the north of Axum nestled at the bottom of a rocky ridge, crested by trees and dotted with auburn boulders.
		He said the obelisk was the "biggest cultural object that has been returned to its country so far," referring to his agency's longstanding campaign to promote the return of looted historical items to their rightful owners.
	www.redorbit.com /news/health/412186/ethiopia_waits_for_the_axum_obelisk_again/index.html?source=r_health (808 words)

	tecolahagos.com - ethiopian related issues and commentary
		We did not post the news of the return of the second largest Obelisk of Axum because we sensed that Meles Zenawi was timing that occasion to boost his election.
		In its over sixty years in Rome, the Obelisk of Axum was not seen as a symbol of a vanquished civilization by anyone least of all Ethiopians, but the herald of a great civilization and a great people who had at one point in their history defeated the best equipped European force, the Italian Army.
		Millions who visited the Obelisk of Axum in Rome had admired the great civilization of Ethiopia; some were very flabbergasted by the greatness of its creators.
	www.tecolahagos.com /editors_note-Aksum.htm (628 words)

	Axum the first african capitol
		The chapel, fashioned out of blocks of gray granite, stands at the heart of Axums extensive monastic complex and is annexed to the seventeenth-century Cathedral of St Mary of Zion where the sacred relic previously rested.
		Another fallen Axum stele, almost nine meters long, bears a relief carving near its apex with a capital formed of two leaves supporting a square within a square surmounted by a triangle.
		Axum is for all of this a place worth to be visited during the Historical tour or in combination with one of our other tours
	www.ethiopiatravel.com /Axum_eng.htm (1928 words)

	Return of Axum Obelisk
		As we are celebrating the return of the obelisk to the historic city of Axum one may contemplate on the actual gain the country might have derived from this development.
		Axum is the cradle of Ethiopia's historic Christian heritage and its ancient civilization.
		The return of the Axum Obelisk is therefore one of the successful achievements in addressing the several age old problems which previous governments have failed to resolve for half a century.
	www.aigaforum.com /Return-of-Axum-Obelisk.htm (1205 words)

	Obelisk Park, Axum, Ethiopia - Travel Photos by Galen R Frysinger, Sheboygan, Wisconsin
		Tall granite obelisks, 126 in all, stand (or lie broken) in the central square.
		One measuring 110 feet (34 m), now fallen, is said to be the tallest obelisk ever erected.
		The obelisks range from nearly plain slabs to intricately inscribed pillars.
	www.galenfrysinger.com /obelisk_park_axum_ethiopia.htm (105 words)

	Events
		The Axum obelisk is regarded as a national treasure by Ethiopians and there were huge celebrations when the first two pieces arrived last week.
		The ornate 24-metre (78ft) obelisk is regarded as an outstanding example of architecture from the ancient city of Axum, itself seen as one of the four great kingdoms of the ancient world.
		AXUM OBELISK 1,700 years old weighs 160 tons24m tall Looted in 1937Return costing $7.7mDue to be re-erected in September
	www.ethioconsulate-la.org /News042405.htm (324 words)

	[CPProt.net] Ethiopian obelisk set for return from Rome
		Next message: [CPProt.net] The first of three parts of the famed Axum obelisk, which was plundered by fascist Italy nearly 70 years ago, has arrived home in Ethiopia.
		Celebrations are planned for the return of the obelisk to Axum, where bridges have been strengthened and roads widened to accommodate the huge pieces of stone that make up the column.
		The obelisk is considered to be among the finest from Axum, the centre of pre-Christian Ethiopia's civilisation and the city of the legendary Queen of Sheba, who ruled 1,000 years before the birth of Christ.
	cpprot.te.verweg.com /2005-April/000997.html (535 words)

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