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Topic: Obelisks in Rome

	Obelisk - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The obelisk symbolized the sun god Ra and during the brief religious reformation of Akhenaten was said to be a petrified ray of the aten, the sundisk.
		The obelisk, half-buried in the debris of the ages, was first excavated as it stood; then it took from April 30 to May 17, 1586 to move it on rollers to the Piazza: it required nearly 1000 men, 140 carthorses, 47 cranes.
		Foro Italico, Rome (on Lungotevere Maresciallo Diaz) – obelisk erected in 1932 to honour Mussolini.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Obelisk (1650 words)

	The Obelisks of Rome by Activitaly
		The oldest and tallest obelisk in Rome is the one in the middle of the Square of S. Giovanni in Laterano.
		The obelisk in the “Piazza del Popolo” is known as the Flaminio obelisk named after the ancient “Via Flaminia” and is the second oldest one in Rome.
		The obelisk that one admires in the gardens of the Pincio instead, is a Roman reproduction of the age of the Emperor Hadrian.
	www.argiletumtour.com /news/obelisks/obelischi.htm (892 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Rome
		Rome is consequently the centre of unity in belief, the source of ecclesiastical jurisdiction and the seat of the supreme authority which can bind by its enactments the faithful throughout the world.
		The population of Rome in 1901 was 462,783.
		Innocent III (1203) was obliged to flee from Rome, but, on the other hand, the friendly disposition of the mercantile middle class facilitated his return and secured to him some influence in the affairs of the communes, in which he obtained the appointment of a chief of the Senate, known as "the senator" (1207).
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/13164a.htm (14300 words)

	Rome apartments, apartments Rome, short stay Rome apartments
		Rome has been nicknamed the city of obelisks, since it is the city with by far the largest number.
		The little obelisk of red granite, 5.47 metres tall, was constructed in the 6th century B.C. by the Pharaoh Apries, and was rediscovered in the Dominican convent of Santa Maria sopra Minerva.
		The obelisk was erected where it is today in 1794 as per the wishes of Pope Pius VI, who had it restored, filling in the missing parts with granite from the Column of Antoninus Pius, which was thus destroyed.
	www.italian-tourism.com /apartments_rome_obelisks.htm (1126 words)

	Roman Monographies - Obelisks (part I) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Rome is the city with the greatest number of obelisks in the world: there are no less than 19 spires to be found in city squares or in gardens belonging to noble mansions.
		The oldest and tallest obelisk in Rome is the one in piazza S.Giovanni in Laterano, between the north door of St.John's basilica and the Lateran Palace.
		While having the obelisk moved to the center of the square, pope Sixtus V removed the globe, which was later replaced by a cross and a bronze crest of the Chigi family (a star over small hills), appearing also on other obelisks.
	www.geocities.com /mp_pollett/roma-co1.htm (1026 words)

	OBELISKS OF ROME (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Several obelisks were repaired, turned from pagan to Christian monuments by the addition of new inscriptions, topped with a cross and with the heraldic symbols of the pope and eventually moved to the center of a piazza or in front of a basilica.
		The obelisk was originally erected by Psammetichus II in the 7th century B.C. and then brought to Rome by Augustus who placed it as a sundial in a vast square (Horologium Divi Augusti) where its shadow indicated the hours of the day and the days of the year.
		The obelisk was found split in five pieces in 1748 and it was eventually repaired and erected in front of Palazzo di Montecitorio.
	www.romeartlover.it /Obelisks.html (2017 words)

	[No title]
		Heliopolan obelisks are notable because they're uninscribed; Heliopolis was the city where the first obelisk, probably a meteoric stone atop a sandhill, came to be worshipped, and the hieroglyph for "obelisk" is startling similar to that for "Heliopolios".
		According to the phallic-obelisk theory, obelisks were gold-tipped to remind the Egyptians that Amon-Ra, the sun god, had created the world in a single ejaculatory spurt; that stone glans was the source of the world, and, covered in gold-leaf, it continued to shine with all of the world-creator's brilliance.
		The Petrine obelisk has lost its golden tip; it had on top instead, for one and a half millennia, a golden ball thought to hold the ashes of Julius Caesar, but found on inspection in 1586 to contain nothing but dust, earth, and the musket-balls of some recently invading German mercenaries.
	www.hotelsk.net /rss/view.asp?id=51 (856 words)

	Roman Monographies - Obelisks (part III) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The one taken to Rome, though, is the only obelisk of this type known with decorations on all four sides, and a false door on two of them.
		In the first half of the 19th century, two obelisks in the shape of Egyptian ones were commissioned by duke Torlonia for the gardens of one of his roman mansions, along via Nomentana.
		In 1932 an obelisk was erected in front of the Foro Italico, the large sport centre built during the years of the fascist regime.
	www.geocities.com /mp_pollett/roma-co3.htm (847 words)

	Saudi Aramco World : A Forest of Obelisks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The only obelisk in Rome still standing in its original position, it supposedly marked the tomb of St. Peter and reportedly contained, in a bronze globe at the top, the ashes of Julius Caesar.
		All but the Vatican Obelisk had long since toppled and vanished, of course, but Sixtus knew that the others must be buried in the ruins of Rome; their size made them almost impossible to remove - even if broken into several pieces - and the stone of which they were made was almost indestructible.
		Among them was the first obelisk ever to be brought to Rome and the third largest; it had stood in the Circus Maximus and was re-erected in 1589 in the center of the magnificent Piazza del Popolo.
	www.saudiaramcoworld.com /issue/197902/a.forest.of.obelisks.htm (2233 words)

	NOVA Online \| Mysteries of the Nile \| A World of Obelisks: Rome
		He died before the obelisk ever left Egypt, and his son and successor Constantius (A.D. 317-361) had it taken to Rome, where it was re-erected in the Circus Maximus.
		In the 16th century, the Pope Sixtus V directed the obelisk to be re-erected in the collonnaded square before the Basilica of St. Peter, where it remains to this day.
		In 10 B.C., the obelisk was re-erected at the Circus Maximus in Rome to celebrate Augustus' conquest of Egypt.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/nova/egypt/raising/rome.html (568 words)

	Obelisks
		The word obelisk is taken directly from Greek, where it is a diminutive of the word obelos, meaning a spit or similar pointed object.
		The true Egyptian obelisk was made from a single block of red granite or similar rock, and its pyramidal top, the pyramidion, was sheathed in gold or electrum, and was about a tenth of the total height.
		The obelisk at Edinburgh, seen at the left, is made of ashlar, not a single piece of stone.
	www.du.edu /~etuttle/classics/obelisk.htm (1221 words)

	Obelisks
		The Romans were infatuated with obelisks, to the extent that there are now more than twice as many obelisks standing in Rome as remain in Egypt.Not all the Egyptian obelisks re-erected in the Roman Empire were set up at Rome.
		Unlike the obelisks in Rome, it appears to have stood unmoved in the former Hippodrome of Constantinople since its erection by an unidentified Roman emperor.
		The British first began to consider appropriating this obelisk, which had originally stood in the Temple of the Sun in Heliopolis, after the French were defeated at the Battle of Alexandria in 1801.
	www.crystalinks.com /obelisks.html (1637 words)

	Obelisks
		That which carried the first of two obelisks was solemnly laid up by Augustus in a permanent dock at Puteoli to celebrate the remarkable achievement; but later it was destroyed by fire.
		The obelisk placed by Augustus in the Circus Maximus was cut by King Psemetnepserphreus, who was reigning when Pythagoras was in Egypt, and measures 85 feet and nine inches, apart from its base, which forms part of the same stone.
		The third obelisk in Rome stands in the Vatican Circus that was built by the Emperors Caius and Nero.
	www.csun.edu /~hcfll004/obelisks.html (453 words)

	In Italy Online - Chasing Obelisks in Rome
		his is probably Rome's most illustrious obelisk, partly because it is the city's oldest and partly because, at 140 feet, it is the world's tallest.
		Originally built in the 15th century BC for Pharaohs Tuthmosis III and Tuthmosis IV, it was brought to Rome in 357 by Emperor Constantius and placed in the Circus Maximus.
		When he brought it to Rome it caused such a stir that even the ship used to transport it was kept on public display.
	www.initaly.com /regions/classic/obelisks.htm (605 words)

	A TOUCH OF EGYPT ON THE TIBER
		Besides those in Rome, other historic shafts carted off from Egypt are one dating from the reign of Ramses II (1292-1225 BC), now in the Place de la Concorde, Paris, another in Florence's Boboli Gardens and two Cleopatra's Needles standing on the Embankment in London and in New York City's Central Park.
		In Rome the oldest and tallest is the Obelisk of Piazza San Giovanni in Laterano.
		It was brought to Rome at the time of the Emperor Augustus and also erected in the Circus Maximus as decoration for the racetrack's spina or central dividing barrier.
	www.travelworldmagazine.com /contributors/detail.php?ArticleID=75 (1063 words)

	The Project Gutenberg eBook of Roman Mosaics, by Hugh Macmillan.
		In the centre is a magnificent Egyptian obelisk of red Syene granite, about eighty feet in height, carved with hieroglyphics, with four marble Egyptian lions at each corner of the platform upon which it stands, pouring from their mouths[19] copious streams of water into large basins, with a refreshing sound.
		He had not been many days in Rome when he saw that the city of the saints and martyrs was wholly given up to idolatry and social corruption, and was as different as possible from the city of his dreams.
		The history of the most heroic period of ancient Rome is linked with this tomb; and all the romance of the Punic Wars, of Hannibal and Hasdrubal, pass before the mind's eye, as one gazes upon the desecrated chambers where the son and relatives of the great conqueror had reposed in death.
	www.gutenberg.org /files/16180/16180-h/16180-h.htm (16502 words)

	AU Abroad - Italy: Rome (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Study in Rome, and you will do as the Romans do - enjoy a vast city that is a feast for the senses and the soul.
		AU Abroad's program in Rome is well-suited to students seeking an independent study abroad experience in Italy.
		Rome 's warm people and three millennia of history, culture, and cuisine captivate all who visit.
	www.worldcapitals.american.edu /enclave/rome.cfm (215 words)

	Obelisks
		Describing in detail the remaining obelisk at the Temple of Karnak erected by Tuthmosis I (1504-1492 BC), who was the father of Hatshepsut.
		A photograph of the obelisk at the Temple of Amon at Karnak, Egypt, with a brief description.
		Rome's magnificent collection of obelisks is described, although the oldest are Egyptian not Roman.
	www.ontalink.com /archaeology/obelisks (324 words)

	Obelisk of the World (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Really a lot of obelisks were made, from a small one as less than 1 meter to a large one as more than 30 meters.
		Psammetikos II Obelisk in the Piazza di Montecitorio.
		Obelisk of Urbino at the Piazza del Rinascimento.
	members.aol.com /Sokamoto31/obelisk.htm (452 words)

	Rome Hotel - Colors hotel in rome
		Rome Hotel Colors is a recently opened hotel and hostel in Rome.
		Rome has more than its share of interesting churches, the vast majority of which are ignored by visitors, obscured by the shadows of the major basilicas.
		Rome has 950 of them, and you might be thinking, you've seen one church, you've seen 'em all.
	www.hotel-colors.com (1009 words)

	Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, page 817 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		But the largest obelisk at Rome is that which was originally transported from Heliopolis to Alexandria by Constantine, and conveyed to Rome by his son Constantius, who placed it in the Circus Maxnnus.
		There are also obelisks in various other places, as at Constantinople, Aries, Florence, Catana in Sicily, andc., some of which are works of Egyptian art, and others only imitations.
		There are two small obelisks in the British Museum, which were brought by the French from Cairo.
	www.ancientlibrary.com /smith-dgra/0824.html (956 words)

	LINK-MAIL: Ancient Egyptian Obelisks - History, Locations & Design
		Obelisk of Queen Hapshetsut ("..In upper Egypt, on the eastern bank of the Nile, stand the remains of the most extensive temple complex of the dynastic Egyptians.The entire site was called Wast by the Egyptians, Thebai by the Greeks, and Thebes by the Europeans..." - Detailed)
		Roman Obelisks ("..Obelisks are four-sided pillars tapering to a point at the top, usually carved from a single block of stone.
		Obelisks in Rome ("..Most of the obelisks in Rome take the form of four-sided pillars, generally square in section, which taper to a point at the top.
	www.link-mail.com /43550.html (659 words)

	History of the Egyptian Obelisks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The obelisks were a coveted booty for the insatiable conquerors of Egypt.
		When the Roman Empire was in decline, one by one the obelisks began to fall,
		obelisks as markers for pilgrims who visited Rome and it was his idea to place them
	egipto.com /obeliscos/ubica2.html (115 words)

	Chasing Obelisks: We've all seen them standing tall and proud at the center of Rome's great piazzas and even the ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The simple answer is that most of the known monumental obelisks in Rome were stolen and brought to Rome by ancient Romans -- archeological looting started early.
		Two obelisks in the Villa Torlonia on Via Nomentana were made in Italy and erected in 1840.
		The Axum Obelisk, brought to Italy in 1937 after Mussolini's Fascists conquered Ethiopia, is still the subject of diplomatic wrangling.
	www.mmdtkw.org /VObelisks.html (251 words)

	Links to Other Rome Websites
		Though my special interest lies with Rome (and, to a lesser extent, Florence), as a courtesy, I have included some links to sites dealing with other Italian cities for those of you who might be planning a multi-city trip.
		Rome Accommodation has a wide range of short let apartment rentals in Rome.
		Rome Made to Measure is also hosted by Sergio Caggia of Nerone's The Insider's Guide to Rome.
	www.stuardtclarkesrome.com /links.htm (4037 words)

	Giornale Nuovo: Kircher’s Obelisks
		The obelisks of Rome, and the hieroglyphs upon them, were a lifelong fascination of Kircher’s.
		As early as 1633, at which time Kircher was based in Avignon, he had boasted to the scholar Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Pereisc that he held in his possession a key to decoding the inscriptions on these monuments, in the shape of an ancient manuscript written by a Bablylonian rabbi.
		This was one of the Obelisci Isei Campensis: a group of ‘several small obelisks found at different times near the church of S. Maria sopra Minerva, which were probably brought to Rome during the first century and grouped in pairs, with others, at the entrances of the temple of Isis’—(source).
	www.spamula.net /blog/archives/000649.html (958 words)

	Penthouse Apartment Rome
		If you want to work from Rome and do not need the second bedroom, it can be converted to an office with a single day bed.
		Through the gate is Piazzale Flaminio and the Rome Children's museum is very close as well as the Borghese Gardens.
		As soon as we arrive in Rome we make a quick dash down to this tiny corner stall in the Mercato Rionale and load up on essentials for breakfast and lunch.
	www.excellenteurope.com /Rome/Flaminio/FlaminioPhotoTour.htm (1046 words)

	LIONS AND PEARS
		Brought to Rome by the Emperors and put in the circuses and the stadiums, they had almost all fallen when Sixtus V became a pope.
		The obelisk in Piazza S. Pietro comes from the nearby Circus of Nero and its erection was quite a technical achievement.
		The obelisk is seated upon four lions of Sixtus V. On their heads a star, another symbol of the pope.
	members.tripod.com /romeartlover/Sisto.html (829 words)

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