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Topic: Object composition

	PHP: New Object Model - Manual
		The drawback of this method was that semantically the whole object was copied when a variable was assigned, or passed as a parameter to a method.
		The new Object Model is documented at the Language Reference.
		I can obtain an object group from the database, obtain the method interface to a subobject, issue a manipulation through the child, then store the object group back into the database with the manipulation intact..
	www.php.net /manual/en/migration5.oop.php (845 words)

	Manageability - Lazy Evaluation And Object Composition
		Object composition is a very useful technique in OOP, superior in many situations to inheritance; it also provides good support for building software from pieces.
		The decorator pattern is extremely important as it bridges these two meanings of composition: it is the simplest case of object composition, and it may also be seen as some sort of ``function composition'' operator.
		Usually the decorating object is perforing its transformation on the output of the decorated object, so the effect is similar to that of a shell pipe (the unx shell equivalent of function composition*).
	www.manageability.org /blog/stuff/lazy-evaluation-composition/view (729 words)

	PHP: Object Aggregation/Composition Functions - Manual
		When we associate classes or objects, each one keeps a reference to the ones it is associated with.
		The aggregation of instances (object aggregation) involves the dynamic creation of subobjects inside an object, in the process, expanding the properties and methods of that object.
		Object aggregation is a natural way of representing a whole-part relationship, (for example, molecules are aggregates of atoms), or can be used to obtain an effect equivalent to multiple inheritance, without having to permanently bind a subclass to two or more parent classes and their interfaces.
	us3.php.net /manual/en/ref.objaggregation.php (978 words)

	Object composition Summary
		Compositions are a critical building block of many basic data structures, including the tagged union, the linked list, and the binary tree, as well as the object used in object-oriented programming.
		Composition is contrasted with subtyping, which is the process of adding detail to a general data type to create a more specific data type.
		In composition, the composite type "has an" object of a simpler type, while in subtyping, the subtype "is an" instance of its parent type.
	www.bookrags.com /Object_composition (1316 words)

	Composition Lessons
		Composition in photography is similar to composition in painting - it is missioned to emphasize beauty, uncommonness or other important peculiarities of the plot (subject).
		The purpose of the composition is to create a picture that will please both you and viewers, who are going to look at it.
		When selecting a composition solution of a picture, you ought to: draw the attention of a viewer, secondly, to hold viewers attention and ideally to awake in a viewer desire to look at your other pictures.
	www.art-photography-schools.com /composition-lessons.htm (805 words)

	Object Oriented Composition
		Object oriented programming refers to a relatively new method of thinking programming problems through by breaking them down into manageable chunks.
		In object oriented programming, different operations would be broken down into interchangeable and reusable modules that could be called into play at the programmer's discretion (or, in some cases, even the user's discretion) to solve the programming problem.
		This had several benefits to composers: It made composition easier, since the composer knew the basic structure to follow before he started, and it allowed for more complex works that could be followed by the listener who would become intimately familiar with the new structures over time.
	www.geocities.com /vienna/strasse/1570/object.htm (1067 words)

	Composition (computer science) Summary
		Composition is a term relevant to computer science in the context of object-oriented languages such as Java.
		In computer science, composition relates the parts of a whole to both create a new object and to relate the components to the whole and to each other in a meaningful way.
		In computer science, composition is an act or result of combining simple objects, types (a composite type is commonly known as structure or record.) and subroutines into more complex ones.
	www.bookrags.com /Composition_(computer_science) (353 words)

	Towards the Usage of Dynamic Object Aggregations as a Foundation for Composition
		An intrinsic property of the aggregation according to the definition in Section 2 is that an object may only be part of one aggregation.
		The composite pattern implements an aggregation hierarchy of objects of the same base type and assumes that all calls to parent objects are forwarded to all their children recursively.
		To implement cascade properly the implementation of composite has to be enhanced with the constraint that cascaded composites may only aggregate components of their component type.
	www.acm.org /conferences/sac/sac2000/Proceed/FinalPapers/PL-18 (1828 words)

	Object Composition vs. Inheritance
		Object composition and inheritance are two techniques for reusing functionality in object-oriented systems [7].
		The disadvantage of object composition is that the behavior of the system may be harder to understand just by looking at the source code.
		A system using object composition may be very dynamic in nature so it may require running the system to get a deeper understanding of how the different objects cooperate.
	brighton.ncsa.uiuc.edu /~prajlich/T/node14.html (526 words)

	Digital Web Magazine - The Principles of Design
		It is the arrangement of the objects in a given design as it relates to their visual weight within a composition.
		Objects can be deconstructed into groups of smaller parts, and when some of these parts are missing the brain tends to add information about an object to achieve closure.
		The objects in the environment represent the positive space, and the environment itself is the negative space.
	www.digital-web.com /articles/principles_of_design (1912 words)

	Python for Java Programmers \| OOP / Object Composition
		Objects are divided into two distinct categories: mutable and immutable.
		In Python, the numeric, boolean, and string types are all exampls of immutable objects.
		That is, one or more data fields of the object can be changed by at least one method of the class.
	www.cs.wlu.edu /~necaise/python/OOP/ObjectComposition (240 words)

	Object Composition
		Object composition using markup is often more flexible than using a component that is frozen at compile time.
		Object composition using markup also enables you to dynamically compose new types of objects out of loosely-coupled reusable classes.
		The object elements whose id attributes are equal to monthController and yearController, are both realized as instances of the class com.enode.xalt.Sequencer.
	www.enode.com /x/markup/tutorial/composition.html (266 words)

	Object composition - Definition, explanation
		Composited objects are called fields, items, members, and attributes, and the resulting composition a structure or record.
		Compositions are a critical building block of many basic data structures, including the tagged union, the linked list, the binary tree, and the object used in object-oriented programming.
		A struct is the C programming language's notion of a record, a datatype that aggregates a fixed set of labelled objects, possibly of different types, into a single object.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/o/ob/object_composition.php (1058 words)

	Dr. Dobb's \| Universe of Composition \| July 6, 2002
		Methods tend to operate over the state of their object, which upon invocation is passed by reference to every one of its methods.
		All objects in such a model have well-defined boundaries that cover both incoming and outgoing dependencies: Relationships between objects connect outgoing to incoming dependencies.
		When using an object that is an instance of a huge class library, we're likely to be creating a dependency on a large number of classes.
	www.ddj.com /dept/architect/184414886 (1935 words)

	Subject-oriented programming and design patterns
		Object Schizophrenia results when the state and/or behavior of what is intended to appear as a single object are actually broken into several objects (each of which has its own object identity).
		Object Composition differs from Subject Composition in that Subject Composition preserves the single identity of the object to avoid schizophrenia.
		For composition to work best, all of these activities should be triggered by the intrinsic creation which is a point at which applications can be composed.
	www.research.ibm.com /sop/sopcpats.htm (1634 words)

	XML Path Language (XPath)
		If both objects to be compared are node-sets, then the comparison will be true if and only if there is a node in the first node-set and a node in the second node-set such that the result of performing the comparison on the string-values of the two nodes is true.
		If one object to be compared is a node-set and the other is a string, then the comparison will be true if and only if there is a node in the node-set such that the result of performing the comparison on the string-value of the node and the other string is true.
		If one object to be compared is a node-set and the other is a boolean, then the comparison will be true if and only if the result of performing the comparison on the boolean and on the result of converting the node-set to a boolean using the boolean function is true.
	www.w3.org /TR/xpath (8473 words)

	Photography Composition Articles Library
		Introduction To Photography Composition by Gao Mu Several examples of composition rules.
		Composition II: Composition in Nature Photography and the Elements of a Photograph by Gloria Hopkins
		Composition III: Composition in Nature Photography and the Elements of a Photograph by Gloria Hopkins
	photoinf.com (749 words)

	Composition (openEHR Kernel in Java 1.2 API)
		A composition is considered the unit of modification of the record, the unit of transmission in record extracts, and the unit of attestation by authorising clinicians.
		The clinical session context of this Composition, ie the contextual attributes of the clinical session.
		Useful for finding Compositions in an EHR which are guaranteed to be of interest to most users.
	www.acode.se /release/kernel/apidocs/org/openehr/rm/composition/Composition.html (371 words)

	Six Different Kinds of Composition
		Composition (also referred to as aggregation) is a mechanism for forming an object whole using other objects as its parts.
		Composition, however, is easily confused with many other kinds of relationships, such as spatial inclusion, classification inclusion, attribution, attachment, and possession.
		Composition relationships appear to be transitive such that: if A is part of B, and B is part of C, then A is part of C. In the following example, both premises are propositions based on the same component-integral object composition relationship:
	www.conradbock.org /compkind.html (2856 words)

	Dr. Dobb's \| Back to the Universe \| August 12, 2002
		A further evolution of the composition universe leads to the notion of data-driven composition or, in general, dynamic context-sensitive composition.
		Compositional reasoning allows inferring that a composition is correct by merely operating over the composition description and the specifications (not implementations) of the part components.
		Composition operators are sound if any composition that meets the static checking scheme's rules yields actual composites that behave within the bounds predicted by the static checking scheme.
	www.ddj.com /dept/architect/184414898 (1155 words)

	Recommendations on composition
		Try to single out the main object using the direction of sunbeams (shade), the camera position, limiting clearly represented space or choosing a contrast color of the background.
		A diagonal composition with left-down direction to right-up is calmer, than the one built on the opposite, more dynamic diagonal.
		The composition will seem more dynamic, if the picture was composed from right to left.
	www.art-photography-schools.com /recommendations.htm (678 words)

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