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Topic: Object lifetime

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Object (computer science)

C Sharp programming language

	2.7 object lifetime
		Object lifetime is orthogonal to type, is specified at object creationand, once specified, cannot be changed (there is some discrepancy betweensection 2.3.2.7 which discusses lifetime and section 2.3.2.6 where thecreate operation is discussed and makes no mention of lifetime).
		Object classesmay be defined as transient, persistent, or collectable.If a class is transient, the class objects and objects of the classare destroyed automatically when the run unit (program execution) terminates.If a class is persistent, the class object and objects of the classare destroyed only when a CBL-DISCARD method is invoked on them.
		Persistentclass objects and persistent objects exist from one run unit to the next.If a class is collectable, the class is transient and hence theclass objects and objects of the class are destroyed automatically whenthe run unit terminates.
	www.objs.com /x3h7/sec27.htm (2865 words)

	Object lifetime control in an object-oriented memory protection mechanism - Patent 5075848
		A local object lifetime bit is provided in the encoded fields portion of access descriptors, object descriptors, and page table entries to determine the lifetime of an object.
		It is a further object of this invention to provide a mechanism for assigning a lifetime to objects associated with a process to thereby enable the implicit deallocation or certain objects and to prevent dangling references if access descriptors which point to objects with shorter lifetimes are stored in objects with longer lifetimes.
		If the object type of the source object with the object type controlled by the TDO (214) are the same, then Logically OR the read, write and type bits of the source AD and the corresponding bits in the rights mask to form the type rights of the destination AD (218).
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5075848.html (9679 words)

	Object lifetime Summary
		In computer science, the object lifetime (or life cycle) of an object in object-oriented programming is the time between an object's creation (also known as instantiation or construction) till the object is no longer used, and is destructed or freed.
		When the object in question is not derived from a class, but from a prototype instead, the size of an object is usually that of the internal data structure (a hash for instance) that holds its slots.
		However, in object oriented programming, object construction may always fail, because constructing an object should establish the class invariants, which are often not valid for every combination of constructor arguments.
	www.bookrags.com /Object_lifetime (1441 words)

	.Net Remoting - Part2 Object Activation, Lifetime And Configuration
		Object activation refers to the various ways in which a remote object can be instantiated.
		When an object is passed to a remote method as ref it behaves exactly as expected any changes to the reference parameter is marshaled back to the caller (client).
		A sponsor is any object that the lease manager can call to determine wether or not a remote object's lifetime lease should be extended.
	www.csharphelp.com /archives2/archive422.html (917 words)

	ODMG Object Model
		An object can be mutable(instance of type "object") or immutable (instance of type "literal").The remainder of this note will use the term object to refer to mutableobjects.
		Lifetime is not applicable to literals (immutable objects).
		Inother words, objects of type S have all the characteristics (and more)of type T. A subtype can specialize the properties and operations it inherits,but there are no rules given to indicate what kinds of refinement are correct.
	www.objs.com /x3h7/odmg.htm (1832 words)

	Chapter 2
		Object orientation is the culmination of years of experience in finding an effective way to develop software, and is certainly the dominant method used to develop major software systems today.
		Objects are members of a class, and the attributes and behavior of an object are defined by the class definition.
		Just as objects have memory allocated for them when they are created, it is necessary to free that memory when object are no longer needed.
	www.objectcentral.com /oobook/Chapter2.html (9538 words)

	Dr. Dobb's \| Managing Dynamic Objects in C++ \| July 22, 2001
		When the identity of the dynamic object passes through an interface (such as a pointer or reference as a function parameter or return value), constraints on the object's lifetime must be part of that interface.
		An object with access restricted to the function that creates it, and to other functions whose execution is nested within that function's execution, is a candidate for sole ownership by the function in which it is created.
		The lifetime of the dynamic object cannot be tied to a single function, but its lifetime can be bounded by the lifetime of the object that creates it.
	www.ddj.com /184409895 (2921 words)

	Object Lifetime: How Objects Are Created and Destroyed
		Unlike Class_Terminate, which executes as soon as an object is set to nothing, there is usually a delay between when an object loses scope and when Visual Basic 2005 calls the Finalize destructor.
		The delay between when an object loses scope and when the CLR releases it means that, unlike with objects in Visual Basic 6.0 and earlier versions, you cannot determine exactly when the object will be destroyed.
		If the variable held the last reference to the object, the object's resources were released immediately.
	msdn2.microsoft.com /en-us/library/hks5e2k6.aspx (1232 words)

	Re: Object lifetime management (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		In C++, the destructor is basically a method called delete() which the user has to call, and it had better have been declared virtual.
		The assumption that resources must last for the life of an object is not always correct, and may be inefficient or produce an artificially extended class hierarchy to make sure each resource is matched to an object lifetime.
		There's nothing to stop people adding delete() methods to their Dylan objects and calling next-method() in them.
	people.csail.mit.edu /gregs/info-dylan-archive-html-2001/msg00540.html (631 words)

	Initialization and Cleanup: Chapter 4 of Objects and Java
		The lifetime of an instance variable matches that of the object to which it belongs.
		The lifetime of a local variable is from the point it is created to the point where it goes out of scope.
		If this is not possible, you may want to create a container class that allows you to reuse little objects that have come to the end of their short lifetimes.
	www.artima.com /objectsandjava/webuscript/InitCleanup1.html (10138 words)

	Lifetime follows scope (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Because functions are "inside" objects in object-oriented programs, the data (objects) tend to outlive the procedures.
		For example, the lifetime a string object may be tied to the lifetime of the FileNarne class that contains it; the lifetime of the string object is bounded by the lifetime of the enclosing FileName object.
		For those cases where the object lifetime follows the scope, declare the object as a proper member of the scope.
	home.earthlink.net /~huston2/dp/lifetime.html (370 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		If garbage collection were to take place, the collector would not find a reference to the object and would deem it garbage, even though there may be remote clients on other machines (or even in a separate process on the same machine) that want to use the object.
		The rationale is that callback objects (such as a sponsor) leave the host inherently vulnerable to attacks that lure it to perform malicious operations unknowingly by calling back to a malicious remote object.
		That object's lifetime is governed by a lease, and the object will be disconnected from the clients once its lease has expired.
	msdn.microsoft.com /msdnmag/issues/03/12/LeaseManager/default.aspx (4052 words)

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