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Topic: Objective lens

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	Olympus Microscopy Resource Center: Anatomy of the Microscope - Microscope Objectives
		Objectives are designed to image specimens either with air or a medium of higher refractive index between the front lens and the specimen.
		The magnification of an infinity-corrected objective is calculated by dividing the reference focal length by the focal length of the objective lens.
		Objectives of lower magnification often have a rear focal plane that is exterior to the barrel, located in the thread area or within the microscope nosepiece.
	www.olympusmicro.com /primer/anatomy/objectives.html (6456 words)

	Objective lens - Patent 5768031 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		An objective lens of claim 16, wherein the area of the first aspherical face is equal to that of the second aspherical face, and the area of the third aspherical face is equal to that of the fourth aspherical face.
		An objective lens of claim 37, wherein the area of the first spherical face is equal to that of the second spherical face, and the area of the first aspherical face is equal to that of the second aspherical face.
		An objective lens of claim 58, wherein the area of the first spherical face is equal to that of the second spherical face, and the area of the first aspherical face is equal to that of the second aspherical face.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5768031.html (6104 words)

	Objective lens - US Patent 6822805 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		An objective lens according to claim 1, wherein in at least one of the lens pairs of the third lens group, the negative lens is constituted of a lens made from silica and the positive lens is constituted of a lens made from calcium fluorite.
		An objective lens according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in at east one of the lens pairs of the fourth lens group, the negative lens is constituted of a lens made from silica and the positive lens is constituted of a lens made from calcium fluorite.
		An objective lens according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in at east one of the lens pairs of the fifth lens group, the negative lens is constituted of a lens made from silica and the positive lens is constituted of a lens made from calcium fluorite.
	www.patentstorm.us /patents/6822805.html (6818 words)

	Photographic lens - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A photographic lens (or more correctly, objective) is an integrated system comprising one or more simple optical lens elements, used for an optical telescope, camera or microscope.
		Objective lenses or lens systems are also used in playing and recording optical media, such as CDs.
		The lens elements are made of a transparent material.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Objective_lens (749 words)

	Nikon MicroscopyU: Introduction to Microscope Objectives
		The objective is the most difficult component of an optical microscope to design and assemble, and is the first element that light encounters as it proceeds from the specimen to the image plane.
		As is the case with most oil immersion objectives, the apochromat illustrated in Figure 1 is equipped with a spring-loaded retractable nosecone assembly that protects the front lens elements and the specimen from collision damage.
		Although the objective featured in Figure 1 is designed to operate utilizing oil as the imaging medium between the objective front lens and specimen, other objectives have front lens elements that allow them to be use either in air or immersed in water, glycerin, or a other specialized hydrocarbon-based oils.
	www.microscopyu.com /articles/optics/objectiveintro.html (3439 words)

	Device for preventing generation of harmful light in objective lens assembly - US Patent 5018832 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		An objective lens assembly according to claim 1, wherein a bottom portion of the helicoidal screw on said outer tube member is formed by a conical surface centered on the optical axis.
		An objective lens assembly according to claim 7, wherein said at least one groove is formed by cutting out a flat top of the main ridge of said helicoidal screw in such manner that no flat portion remains on the top of the main ridge.
		In the above-shown lens assembly, the problem of harmful stray light arises from the fact that the helicoidal screw 9 formed on the inside surface of the outer tube 3 is exposed to a beam of photo-taking light from the lens 7.
	www.patentstorm.us /patents/5018832.html (3203 words)

	Objective - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Objective lens, an optical element in a camera or microscope.
		Objective approach, a way of judging or interpreting a situation.
		Project objective, an expected business benefit in the context of project management.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Objective (137 words)

	DSLR Lens 101
		The focal length of a lens is determined primarily by the curvature of its surfaces.
		The greater the curvature, the thicker the lens, and the shorter the focal length is.
		And, for a simple lens all measurements are relative to the optical center (focal plane) of the lens, which is also the physical center of the glass.
	www.rags-int-inc.com /PhotoTechStuff/Lens101 (5957 words)

	Encyclopedia: Objective (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In project management, project objective is a business benefit that an organization expects to achieve as a result of injecting project product(s) into itself or its environment.
		Design objective (DO): In communications systems, a desired performance characteristic for communications circuits and equipment that is based on engineering analyses, but (a) is not considered feasible to mandate in a standard, or (b) has not been tested.
		Objective-C, often referred to as ObjC or more seldomly as Objective C or Obj-C, is an object oriented programming language implemented as an extension to C. It is used primarily on Mac OS X and GNUstep, two environments based on the OpenStep standard, and is the primary language...
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Objective (315 words)

	objective - Definitions from Dictionary.com
		Of, relating to, or being the case of a noun or pronoun that serves as the object of a verb.
		The lens or lens system in a microscope or other optical instrument that first receives light rays from the object and forms the image.
		The lens or lenses in the lower end of a microscope or other optical instrument that first receives light rays from the object being examined and forms its image.
	dictionary.reference.com /browse/objective (940 words)

	Photographic lens -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		There will usually be an (A natural opening in something) aperture selection mechanism for adjusting the amount of light through the lens, and a (The concentration of attention or energy on something) focusing mechanism.
		The most important characteristic is the (The distance from a lens to its focus) focal length.
		(A camera lens having a wider than normal angle of view (and usually a short focal length); produces an image that is foreshortened in the center and increasingly distorted in the periphery) Wide-angle lens (with a focal length considerably smaller than the diagonal of the the frame)
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/p/ph/photographic_lens.htm (883 words)

	Electron Column: Objective Lens (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The objective or "probe-forming" lens is located at the base of the column just above the sample.
		The Cameca MBX microprobe uses a "mincoil" objective lens, which allows the light optical system and scanning coils to fit inside it.
		The light optics (4) and scanning coils (1) are located inside the minicoil probe-forming lens (2) at the base of the electron column.
	jan.ucc.nau.edu /%7Ewittke/Microprobe/Column-Objective.html (146 words)

	Numeric aperture, objective lenses and condenser lenses on a microscope
		The physical size of the lens is important in determining the N.A. of the lens and to get the most from the lens, a light condensing system should be employed which will completely fill the back lens of the objective with light.
		One or two drops of oil are placed on top of the coverslip and the 100X objective lens is brought into position so that it touches the oil and creates a "bridge" of oil between the slide and objective lens.
		Objective lenses are color coded and have numbers written on them.
	www.microscope-microscope.org /advanced/numerical-aperture.htm (1056 words)

	Howstuffworks "How Light Microscopes Work"
		Because the objective lens is large, it brings the image of the object to a focus at some distance away, which is why telescopes are much longer than microscopes.
		Instead, the objective lens of a microscope is small and spherical, which means that it has a much shorter focal length on either side.
		The condenser is a lens system that focuses the light from the source onto a tiny, bright spot of the specimen, which is the same area that the objective lens examines.
	science.howstuffworks.com /light-microscope1.htm (442 words)

	Cieli Medicei - Galileo's objective lens
		Objective lens which Galileo used for many observations between 1609 and 1610.
		Galileo donated the lens of the telescope with which the discovery was made to the Grand Duke Ferdinand II.
		When Leopoldo died (1675), the lens was added to the Medici collection, kept in the Uffizi Gallery, where it remained until 1793, when it was transferred in the Museum of Physics and Natural History.
	galileo.imss.firenze.it /news/cielimedicei/01/estrumento1.html (167 words)

	Topic 43. The Field Lens
		In other words, even though the objective lens formed an image of the tip of the original object, that point is not visible through the second lens since no rays from that point can ever strike it.
		The bottom line is that the brightness of the image seen through the final eye-piece lens gradually gets dimmer for object points further and further from the axis, and there are points on the object which cannot be seen at all through the eye-piece lens.
		As an example, the effect of the field lens on the red rays is shown in the figure.
	www.colorado.edu /physics/phys1230/phys1230_fa01/topic43.html (632 words)

	BIOL 1110: Microscopy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The 4x objective is called the scanning objective because it is used primarily to locate an object on the microscope slide.
		The 100x objective is designed to be used ONLY when a drop of oil fills the air space between the slide and this objective.
		NEVER use oil with the 40x objective accidentally touches the oil, be sure to clean the objective with lens cleaner before returning the microscope to the appropriate slot in the microscope cabinet.
	www2.volstate.edu /msd/BIO/1110/microscope.htm (2343 words)

	ipedia.com: Photographic lens Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		A photographic lens is a lens used for a camera or microscope.
		A photographic lens (or more correctly, objective) is a lens used for a camera or microscope.
		Depending on whether the lens can or can not zoom, the photographic lens are also categorized as either zoom lens or prime lens -- the latter have a fixed focal length as opposed to the former in which that parameter can be changed in order to achieve a zoom in/zoom out effect.
	www.ipedia.com /photographic_lens.html (266 words)

	Brain Research Institute
		We all know that 10X means that the objective lens has an effective magnification of ten times life size and when combined in the compound with a 10X ocular lens will give a final magnification of 100X (10 X 10).
		After the imprint of the magnification on any quality objective lens, there is usually a slash followed by a number which may be anything from 0.035 to 1.4.
		The mechanical tube length (between the objective flange and the eyepiece seating face) is normally 160 (in mm) for older objective lenses or (infinity for infinity-corrected objectives).
	www.bri.ucla.edu /bri_research/microscopy_objective_lenses.asp (961 words)

	Nikon MicroscopyU: Anatomy of the Microscope - Oil Immersion: Interactive Java Tutorial
		A dramatic increase in numerical aperture is observed when the objective is designed to operate with an immersion medium such as oil, glycerin, or water between the front lens and the specimen cover glass.
		One of the most important factors in determining the resolution of an objective is the angular aperture, which has a practical upper limit of about 72 degrees (with a sine value of 0.95).
		Presented in Figure 1 are the aplanatic refractions that occur at the first two lens elements in a typical apochromatic oil immersion objective.
	www.microscopyu.com /tutorials/java/objectives/immersion (1067 words)

	Twin objective lens in TEM
		A symmetric objective has an important consequence: the first (upper) half of the objective lens acts like a third condenser lens, and so in truth there are two beam cross- overs between C2 and the specimen, as shown in the next diagram.
		Assume that the horizontal dotted line is at the focal length of the lower part of the objective lens pre-field: we can tell this from the right-most diagram, where the illumination in the specimen place is parallel and hence, by definition, the previous cross-over is at the focal length.
		Of course in reality, the objective pre-field is one continuous lens, and so it is quite wrong to think of straight rays passing through two discrete lens, but the net effect is the same.
	www.rodenburg.org /guide/t1100.html (669 words)

	Electron Column: Objective Lens
		The objective or "probe-forming" lens is located at the base of the column just above the sample.
		This lens focuses the electron beam onto the sample and controls its final size and position.
		The Cameca MBX microprobe uses a "mincoil" objective lens, which allows the light optical system and scanning coils to fit inside it.
	www4.nau.edu /microanalysis/Microprobe/Column-Objective.html (146 words)

	Microscope objective lens Cleaning - Best Practice review
		Place the tissue against the objective front lens, so wiping and rotating the lens in one corkscrew motion from the centre of the lens to the outside edge to avoid going back and forth over the same area.
		Oil immersion lens are generally wiped clean after use initially removing oil from the outer edges but if a lens does need cleaning due to it being left it may necessitate use of a solvent.
		Fisherbrand Optical Lens Cleaner is used for removing oil from objectives or any optical surface with claims that the cleaner will not affect a coated optic or soften the mounting that holds the objective in place.
	www.microscopy-uk.org.uk /mag/artfeb04/cdclean.html (2137 words)

	Bayer Training Systems: objective lens (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Numerical aperture is associated with the objective's light-gathering ability.
		Objectives will usually have the NA marked on the objective.
		All else equal, the higher the value of the numerical aperture, the higher the objective's resolution (ability to see additional fine detail in the image.) The numerical aperture specified in the OSHA and NIOSH methods is 0.65 to 0.75.
	www.steve-o.com /public/asbestos/parts02/part08.htm (152 words)

	Objective Lens (i)
		The objective lens forms an inverted initial image, which is subsequently magnified.
		In the back focal plane of the objective lens a diffraction pattern is formed.
		The objective lens would not usually provide a magnification of more than ×50 and a TEM is routinely used to view regions of the specimen which are only a
	www.matter.org.uk /tem/lenses/objective_lens_1.htm (92 words)

	Corning Tropel Delivers World’s Highest Resolution Lithographic Objective Lens (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		This 15X reduction stepper objective lens projects images onto a specially treated wafer that becomes the circuitry on a semiconductor.
		This lens is capable of resolving features nearly one-half that size, meeting the requirements for next-generation chips,” said John Bruning, president and CEO, Corning Tropel.
		The 0.85NA objective lens was designed and built for Exitech, Ltd., a United Kingdom-based manufacturer of laser microprocessing systems.
	www.corning.com /media_center/press_releases/2002/2002061900240467780.asp (417 words)

	Microscope World Objective Lenses
		Objective lenses are the lenses of a microscope closest to the object and are the most important single part of your microscope.
		Not to be confused with the term "achromatic" is the correction induced in the objective lens to adjust for focusing errors caused by field curvature.
		Since a lens is curved, the sharpness of the image may be a bit off at the outer edges of your field of view.
	www.microscopeworld.com /MSWorld/objectives.aspx (705 words)

	The objective lens of a TEM, the heart of the electron microscope
		The magnification of objective lens is determined by the ratio of the distances between its object plane (the specimen) and its image plane (what we have called ‘the first image plane’).
		In fact, if the objective lens is mis-aligned, the errors it introduces will so huge that no matter what we do with the other lenses, we will never be able to correct the error.
		As the objective lens is changed, we focus on different layers of this radiation pattern, which will appear to shift laterally because of the tilted inclination of the illumination.
	www.rodenburg.org /guide/t700.html (1617 words)

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