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Topic: Objectivist epistemology

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	Objectivist epistemology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Rand considered her epistemology central to her philosophy, once remarking, "I am not primarily an advocate of capitalism, but of egoism; and I am not primarily an advocate of egoism, but of reason.
		A major concern of the Objectivist epistemology is the identification and avoidance of such "anti-concepts", which are regarded as mental monstrosities that do not succeed in referring to any external reality whatsoever.
		Objectivists contend that this solution is in the tradition of Aristotle and St. Thomas Aquinas.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Objectivist_epistemology (2349 words)

	Objectivist philosophy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Objectivist epistemology distinguishes the manner with which we can individually translate our perceptions, i.e., that which we acquire through our senses, into concepts that we can store in our minds.
		The Objectivist theory of art flows fairly directly from its epistemology, by way of "psycho-epistemology" (Objectivism's term for the study of human cognition as it involves interactions between the conscious and the subconscious mind).
		Objectivists often respond to this by saying either that a) the claims are exaggerated, b) the cult-like practices were (unfortunately) irrational but do not disprove the philosophy, or c) such statements are justified because one's confidence in Rand is (or should be) based on reason and one's own individual, reality-oriented values.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Objectivist_philosophy (4444 words)

	Foundations Study Guide: Epistemology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Epistemology is the branch of philosophy that investigates the basic nature of knowledge, including its sources and validation.
		Epistemology is concerned with the basic relationship between man's mind and reality, and with the basic operations of human reason.
		On their view, which is consistent with Objectivist in many (but not all) respects, a concept designates a kind of thing in reality and includes in its content the properties such things actually have; defining traits are discovered, not stipulated.
	www.objectivistcenter.org /showcontent.aspx?ct=44&printer=True (1998 words)

	SoloHQ: Forum
		One of the topics in Objectivist epistemology is the method of concept-formation.
		Objectivist epistemology, of course, is not a description of how people actually do form concepts, but of how one who bothers to discover it, correctly forms concepts, or ought to.
		I realize that many Objectivists consider ITO to be Rand's greatest achievement, but I think it's the weakest part of her philosophy.
	rebirthofreason.com /Forum/ArticleDiscussions/0554.shtml (2378 words)

	What is Objectivism?
		The politics of Objectivism logically flows from and is justified by Objectivist ethics; Objectivist ethics logically flows from and is justified by Objectivist epistemology; Objectivist epistemology logically flows from and is justified by Objectivist metaphysics.
		Objectivist esthetics does not value as art portrayals of the world as it could not be: objectivism is grounded in reality, not in wishful thinking.
		Objectivist esthetics (known as Romantic Realism) values portrayals of what ought to be, because such portrayals inspire us to apply reason and strive for a better life.
	www.mondopolitico.com /ideologies/atlantis/whatisobjectivism.htm (3304 words)

	Perception
		Objectivist epistemology is the greatest advance in that field in history, yet it also contains mistakes and is not extensively developed.
		The Objectivist description of consciousness is essentially an attempt to counter the fallacious descriptions of consciousness, such as Kant's or the sensationalists, as Kelley describes.
		It is beyond the scope of this article to discuss the actual nature of percepts, qualia, and their relationship the objects of perception, but we must mention in passing that color, sound, and taste, for example, are not "sensations," but "percepts," and are percepts of actual attributes of the entities being perceived.
	www.geocities.com /rational_argumentator/perception.html (7520 words)

	Objectivist philosophy Objectivist philosophy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Initiation of force is seen by Objectivists as a negation of morality as it precludes choice and freewill by interposing the threat of physical destruction between a man and his desired ends.
		Romanticism, which on its Objectivist definition is a category of art treating the existence of human volition as true and important.
		Epistemology (in philosophy or psychology) that virtually all knowledge is the result of our experiences.
	dks.thing.net /Objectivist_philosophy.html (11401 words)

	Epistemology - Psychology Central
		Epistemology, from the Greek words episteme (knowledge) and logos (word/speech) is the branch of philosophy that deals with the nature, origin and scope of knowledge.
		Recently, Susan Haack has attempted to fuse these two approaches into her doctrine of Foundherentism, which accrues degrees of relative confidence to beliefs by mediating between the two approaches.
		Some approaches to justifying beliefs are not rational — that is, they reject the notion that justification must obey logic or reason.
	www.psychcentral.com /psypsych/Epistemology (3724 words)

	Objectivist Epistemology: Strengths and Weaknesses
		The main treatment of it in Objectivist literature is Peikoff’s essay from the mid-60s that appears in ITOE.
		The Objectivist position on perception is a minor variant in a popular family of theories: It’s no big deal.
		Chris Roberson has pointed especially to the theory-ladenness of observation and the under-determination of theory by evidence as areas in which Objectivist epistemology, especially as it applies to the sciences, is weak.
	personal.bgsu.edu /~roberth/itoe.html (2073 words)

	Ayn Rand [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
		Perhaps the most significant of the books are The Virtue of Selfishness, which develops her ethical theory, Capitalism: The Unknown Ideal, devoted to political and economic theory, Introduction to Objectivist Epistemology, a systematic presentation of her theory of concepts, and The Romantic Manifesto, a theory of aesthetics.
		Based in New York City, N.B.I. published with Rand's sanction numerous Objectivist periodicals and pamphlets, and gave many series of lectures live in New York which were then distributed on tape around the United States and the rest of the world.
		This is the first comprehensive overview of all aspects of Objectivist philosophy, written by the philosopher most close to Rand during her lifetime.
	www.utm.edu /research/iep/r/rand.htm (4140 words)

	Agonblog » Blog Archive » Why Michael Huemer Should Be More of an Objectivist: Introduction & Section 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		When Objectivists say that “the meaning of a concept is all of the concretes it subsumes, past, present, and future, including ones that we will never know about,” they are failing to distinguish sense and reference.
		It introduces Objectivist epistemology by means of its theory of concepts, which is the epistemology’s centerpiece.
		If I am right about Objectivist epistemology, and one “ordinary person’s” reading of ITOE was sufficient to communicate to me an understanding of meaning superior to any non-Objectivist’s, then, clearly, ITOE is a brilliant piece of writing, and a masterpiece of communication.
	www.theagon.org /blog?p=83 (15682 words)

	Hi hi hi hi! - Objectivism Online Forum
		An Objectivist is a person who has studied at least the fundamentals of her philosophy and agrees with all aspects of her philosophy that he has studied.
		Still, I want to point out that a person may be "objectivist," in the sense that he has an objective epistemology -- which, of course, translates into an Objectivist epistemology (an unceasing mental oscillation between concretes and abstractions in the formulation of actionable principles, whilst keeping context and hierarchy).
		First, you are saying that an "objectivist" is one who has an objective epistemology, that is, an epistemology which (in my words) produces ideas that have a certain relationship to the facts of reality, a logical relationship.
	forum.objectivismonline.net /index.php?showtopic=2216&st=0&p=62519& (2417 words)

	The Ayn Rand Institute: Ayn Rand's Nonfiction
		The Objectivist theory of concepts, with Ayn Rand's solution to "the problem of universals," identifying the relationship of abstractions to concretes.
		Objectivist Conferences and the Ayn Rand Bookstore are owned by Second Renaissance, Inc., which is operated by the Ayn Rand Institute.
		Payments made to Objectivist Conferences or to the Ayn Rand Bookstore do not qualify as tax-deductible contributions to the Ayn Rand Institute.
	www.aynrand.org /site/PageServer?pagename=objectivism_nonfiction (1577 words)

	The Objectivism Store -- The Foundations of Knowledge
		The "Foundations of Knowledge" is a 5-lecture series which remains to this day the most thorough and profound explication and analysis of Objectivist epistemology.
		Epistemology studies the nature, acquisition, and validation of knowledge.
		The epistemology of perception studies the connection between perception and the rest of our knowledge—for example, the formation of concepts—and the nature of this integration.
	www.objectivismstore.com /showproduct.aspx?productid=78 (478 words)

	The Ayn Rand Institute: The Philosophy of Objectivism: A Brief Summary
		It is the philosophy of Objectivism, presented in detail in Atlas Shrugged, Introduction to Objectivist Epistemology, and The Virtue of Selfishness.
		There is no way to reason from nature to its negation, or from facts to their subversion, or from any premise to the obliteration of argument as such, i.e., of its foundation: the axioms of existence and identity.
		Metaphysics and epistemology are closely interrelated; together they form a philosophy's foundation.
	www.aynrand.org /site/PageServer?pagename=objectivism_pobs (633 words)

	What is the Objectivist Theory of Knowledge (Epistemology)?
		What is the Objectivist View of Law and Government (Politics)?
		Reason is the faculty which… identifies and integrates the material provided by man's senses.
		Objectivists defend the efficacy of reason against all critics.
	www.objectivistcenter.org /objectivism/faqs/wthomas_faq-epistemology.asp (883 words)

	20th WCP: Michael Polanyi and Lucian Blaga as Philosophers of Knowledge
		Not only is Polanyi's epistemology explicitly anti-reductionist but it is also quite clear that it is thoroughly holistic.
		According to the objectivist ideal, knowledge, in order to be reliable, must be totally determinate, totally accounted for by empirical data.
		An objectivist epistemology rejects the vital role of the knower in interpreting or comprehending the empirical data.
	www.bu.edu /wcp/Papers/Comp/CompBote.htm (2791 words)

	[No title]
		Like many Objectivists, I was disappointed to find that most academic philosophers completely disregarded her as a serious philosopher (somewhat understandably from my perspective now) as well as vice versa.
		My general strategy after that will be to convince you that ethical egoism, the view that what is moral is that which is in your self-interest, is wrong and that to the extent Ayn Rand gets things right, she is not an ethical egoist.
		Since it is fairly uncontroversial and rather common sensical, at least outside Objectivist circles, that it may be in your self-interest to do things that hopefully not even the most dogmatic Objectivist would deny are clearly immoral, i.e.
	www-personal.umich.edu /~jsku/ooPreface.html (579 words)

	Pancritical Rationalism
		I find it hard to separate out her personality from her epistemology in determining the causes of these attitudes and, of course, the two are closely interrelated (a confluence that Rand brought into focus by means of her term "psychoepistemology").
		Part of the dogmatizing pressure was generated by the foundationalist nature of her philosophical system, combined with her lifelong insistence that Objectivism was a closed system an intellectual structure that must be taken whole or not at all, a system that was complete, perfect, and unalterable.
		(Evolutionary epistemology which has close ties to PCR and may be held conjointly also resonates with this aspect of dynamic optimism.) Dynamic optimism acts as a potent psycho-epistemological vaccine, not only against pessimism and defeatism, but against dogmatization and stagnation, and so encourages the openness to new information and approaches exemplifed by the pancritical rationalist.
	www.maxmore.com /pcr.htm (7246 words)

	Criticisms of Objectivism
		Objectivist Epistemology: Strengths and Weaknesses by Robert Bass -- Bass lists a few areas of epistemology where he believes Objectivism is right, and several where he believes it is weak or wrong.
		Ku claims that prior to his work there was "no systematic critique of her ethics written with Objectivists in mind." He covers such issues as Rand's theory of life as the ultimate value and her claim that there are no conflicts in men's interests.
		Why I Am Not an Objectivist by Michael Huemer -- This lengthy multi-topic essay includes a variety of criticisms of Rand's epistemology and ethics and is one of the most frequently referenced critiques of Objectivism on the web.
	www.noblesoul.com /orc/critics (2896 words)

	Ayn Rand and the Cognitive Revolution in Psychology
		The "crow epistemology," as Rand called it in conversation (Binswanger & Peikoff 1990, 172-73), is still a mainstay in all presentations of her theory of knowledge (Peikoff 1991, 107-8).
		In Introduction to Objectivist Epistemology, the most prominent (but by no means the only) discussion of child development is the developmental sequence of definitions of the concept man (42-43).
		If Objectivists fail to recognize the distinctly psychological roots of Rand’s epistemology, if they maintain the diremption between philosophy and psychology that Rand’s pronouncements require, [10] they will be unable to respond to significant contemporary developments in psychology and the cognitive sciences.
	hubcap.clemson.edu /~campber/randcogrev.html (8303 words)

	FAQ: Ayn Rand's Philosophy of Objectivism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Here is a quote from Objectivist philosopher Dr. Harry Binswanger: "The "libertarians"...plagiarize Ayn Rand's principle that no man may initiate the use of physical force, and treat it as a mystically revealed, out-of-context absolute....
		In the philosophical battle for a free society, the one crucial connection to be upheld is that between capitalism and reason.
		The religious conservatives are seeking to tie capitalism to mysticism; the "libertarians" are tying capitalism to the whim-worshiping subjectivism and chaos of anarchy.
	www.faqs.org /faqs/objectivism/faq (3987 words)

	Objectivist Conference 2004 - July 10th to July 22nd - Industry Hills, CA
		Binswanger is a professor of philosophy at the Ayn Rand Institute’s Objectivist Academic Center and is a member of ARI’s board of directors.
		He specializes in epistemology and ancient philosophy, and his research interests are focused on Aristotle’s epistemology and methodology and on theories of concepts.
		She applied Objectivist esthetics to painting and sculpture in a ten-lecture course, “Esthetics of the Visual Arts,” which was written in consultation with Ayn Rand.
	www.objectivistconferences.com /ocon2004/faculty.htm (2016 words)

	Concepts
		This brief exploration of the Objectivist Theory of Concepts is approached specifically from the perspective of the Objectivist epistemology of Ayn Rand.
		Rand's epistemology maintains that the attachment of a word or symbol to the combination of the defining similarity-characteristics [Sc/i()] and the integrated totality of the characteristics of the members of the similarity-set [Ec'/i(,) where E'(i) in S'/i()], is the last step in the transformation of a discriminated similarity-set [S(*)] into a concept [C(i)].
		In her discussions of concepts in her Introduction to Objectivist Epistemology, Ms Rand frequently fails to keep this distinction clear, resulting in some confusion over the actual meaning of her message.
	www3.sympatico.ca /saburns/pg0302.htm (16542 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Epistemology come from the greek word "episteme" meaning "knowledge" and the greek word "logos" meaning "theory".
		So literally epistemology is the knowledge theory or how one finds out knowledge.
		Objectivist epistemology states that reason is enough to know the fact.
	web.ics.purdue.edu /~puobjclb/philosophy_epis.html (94 words)

	Jean Piaget's Genetic Epistemology: Appreciation and Critique
		Genetic epistemology (which, for Piaget, included the history of scientific ideas, as well as the study of development in individuals) is consistent with Objectivism in its biocentric concerns.
		Rand makes it clear that "concepts of consciousness" cannot be formed unless a good many "existential concepts" precede them ("one cannot form concepts of consciousness without reference to their existential content" [note 23]).
		Objectivists can fall into the same trap when they consider an example of human reasoning that conforms to the rules of formal logic and conclude that the reasoner actually used those same rules in arriving at the conclusion.
	hubcap.clemson.edu /~campber/piaget.html (13546 words)

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