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Topic: Objectivity (philosophy)

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	Epistemology_Objectivity.html
		Objectivity is the recognition of reality as the ultimate standard of evaluation.
		Objectivity is the process of actively comparing one's thoughts to reality, and this can only be accomplished if the purpose of the comparison is identified.
		Since objectivity is the act of conforming one's thoughts to reality, it should be clear that this is possible regardless of any influences.
	www.importanceofphilosophy.com /Epistemology_Objectivity.html (191 words)

	Objectivity Without Objectivism
		The term 'objectivism' was made famous by Ayn Rand, who chose it as the name for her philosophy of reason, individualism, and freedom.
		Thus "the purpose of philosophy is not to prove everything from nothing but to assume as given what we see as clearly as shapes and colors" (LJ 305); this may be the reason why Gödel thinks that everyday knowledge is more important for philosophy than scientific knowledge (LJ 130).
		Philosophy, the contemplation of the unknown, is a shrinking dominion.
	www.saint-andre.com /thoughts/objectivity.html (3280 words)

	20th WCP: The Ideal of Objectivity in Political Dialogue
		The conceptions of objectivity traditionally employed in liberal democratic political philosophy are not well-suited to play this role because they are insufficiently sensitive to the social and ideological pluralism of modern societies.
		Whatever the theoretical merits of these conceptions of objectivity may be in the abstract, in the concrete circumstances of practical deliberations they all tend to permit the privileged perspectives of dominant social groups to masquerade as objective and thus as valid, by comparison with the subjective and thus invalid perspective of subordinate social groups.
		Thus, an objective claim about the nature of justice is one that all members of a society can be expected to accept as reasonable on the basis of their different and conflicting moral and religious views.
	www.bu.edu /wcp/Papers/Poli/PoliGrah.htm (2633 words)

	Objectivity [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
		The terms “objectivity” and “subjectivity,” in their modern usage, generally relate to a perceiving subject (normally a person) and a perceived or unperceived object.
		“Objective judgment or belief” refers to a judgment or belief based on objectively strong supporting evidence, the sort of evidence that would be compelling for any rational being.
		Opposing skepticism regarding objective reality, it is conceivable that there are “markers” of some sort in our subjective experiences distinguishing the reliable perceptions of objective truth from the illusions generated purely subjectively (hallucinations, misperceptions, perceptions of secondary qualities, etc.).
	www.utm.edu /research/iep/o/objectiv.htm (4471 words)

	Untitled Document
		Where the old "objectivity question" asked, "Objectivity or relativism: which side are you on?", the new one refuses this choice, seeking instead to bypass widely recognized problems with the conceptual framework that restricts the choices to these two.
		In fact, taking 'objectivity' as a sort of beautiful primitive, self-evident in its value, and all-powerful in its revelatory power, requires careless philosophy, and the best workers in metaphysics, epistemology, and philosophy of science have made reworked definitions of 'objectivity' absolutely central to their own projects.
		The explicitness conception of objectivity is accessible to mathematical specifications, is the core of the idea of invariance, has a lot of philosophical applications, and leads to precise notions of 'subjectivity' and a precise formulation of the problem of the limits of objectivity.
	www.uab.edu /ethicscenter/2001bibliography.html (7411 words)

	Philosophy of Science and Objectivity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Workers such as Ludwig Wittgenstein and Martin Heidegger have changed the philosophy of science by showing that the conceptual status of things in language is of primary interest when the factuality of those things is in question.
		Data that do not take on a life of their own, separating from the particular respondents to be measured and the particular items used to measure, remain mired in specific context-dependencies that prevent generality from being attained.
		When Rasch and Wright speak of specific objectivity, the separability theorem, sample-free instrumentation, instrument-free measurement or the convergence of items and persons in an MSCALE analysis, they are speaking of a realization of new potentials in the historical possibilities presented to us by science that have remained implicit until now.
	www.rasch.org /rmt/rmt22e.htm (1240 words)

	Objectivity - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Objectivity (philosophy), encompassing distinguishing references in the field of epistemology regarding the ontological status of a possible objective reality, and the state of being objective in regard to references towards whatever is considered as objective reality.
		Objectivity (science) the result of the observance of the scientific method by the scientific community.
		Objective case, the direct or indirect object of verb or object of preposition.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Objectivity (275 words)

	Ephilosopher :: General Philosophy Forum :: Objectivity is shared subjectivity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		It is objectively true that breathable oxygen is O2, or how about this one, it's objectively true that you are either a man, or a woman.
		Objectivity is not a combination of statistical certainty and logic statements.
		objective truth: truth that is true with or without the consent of beings (human, animal, or otherwise).
	www.ephilosopher.com /phpBB_14-action-viewtopic-topic-6118.html (2731 words)

	Rand and Objectivity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In every major branch of philosophy, from metaphysics to aesthetics, she had original insights and integrations that contributed to the field.
		Some philosophies, like Plato, argued that there must be an objective referent-a "man as such"-somewhere in existence, even if it does not exist in the perceptible, spatio-temporal world.
		We start with the assumption that objectivity requires some sort of correspondence between the mind and reality, a correspondence in which the mind passively mirrors the object it purports to grasp.
	www.objectivistcenter.org /cth--106-Rand_Objectivity.aspx (1418 words)

	Philosophy as Science
		It would be more appropriate to compare physics with philosophy (both of which are disciplines) or Objectivism with Newtonism (both of which are systems of thought within their respective disciplines).
		So perhaps Objectivism will be the "founding system" of philosophy as a science, with future developments being not new systems but modifications to the system and workings-out of the axioms it provides.
		Speculation aside, I would argue that the essence of philosophy (done right) is objectivity, and that the essence of Objectivism is much as Rand described by dint of the fact that it is the first truly objective philosophy (the first to consistently overcome the instrinsic-subjective alternative in all the branches of philosophy).
	www.saint-andre.com /journal/1997-10-21.html (721 words)

	Max Weber's View of Objectivity in Social Science
		Similarly, Weber believed that objective comparisons among systems could also be made once a particular end had been established, acknowledged, and agreed upon, a position that allowed Weber to make what he considered objective comparisons among such economic systems as capitalism and socialism.
		Moreover, if one accepts Weber's view that objectivity can be applied to social and economic problems only after a distinct value orientation has been established, it follows that political action does not corrupt a social scientist's objectivity as long as the scientist's perspective or values are explicitly acknowledged.
		On objectivity and meaning: In Interpretation and Indeterminacy in Discourse Analysis, I argue a hard line: The exact meaning of a speaker's utterance in a contextualized exchange is often indeterminate.
	www.criticism.com /md/weber1.html (3362 words)

	Charlotte Witt, Feminism and the Philosophical Canon
		Feminist historians of philosophy have argued that the historical record is incomplete because it omits women philosophers, and it is biased because it devalues any women philosophers it forgot to omit.
		In other words, this story chronicles a turn in philosophy coincident with the rise of modern science, which generated ideals of reason and objectivity that are deeply antagonistic to women and feminism.
		Looking at the history of philosophy from this perspective has been useful for two projects: the documentation of the pervasive, negative valuation of women and the feminine in history of philosophy, and the re-inscription of women philosophers into the historical record.
	www.uh.edu /~cfreelan/SWIP/Witt.html (6713 words)

	Philosophy
		The study of philosophy will help you to think critically, to understand and enjoy the literature of philosophy, and to make decisions relevant to the problems of contemporary life.
		Philosophy is a search for a general understanding of values and reality through logical reasoning more than observation.
		One-third of philosophy graduates in the Classes of 2000 and 2001 went directly to graduate school and two-thirds accepted employment.
	www.lafayette.edu /admissions/majors/philosophy.html (750 words)

	Mormon Philosophy & Theology
		While mathematics is indeed objective and certain, the axioms which necessarily underly such a system came to be seen as a major obstacle to the strong objectivity which Descartes and Kant sought.
		With Roger Bacon and William of Ockham philosophy began to be separated from Theology.
		Philosophy began to be studied as an independent subject divorced entirely from Theology.
	www.libertypages.com /clark/10877.html (1532 words)

	Bernard Lonergan [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
		With the emergence of modernity, philosophies have turned to understanding the innate methods of mind by which scientists and scholars discover what they do not yet know and create what does not yet exist.
		Beyond the experiential and normative components of objectivity, there is an absolute component, by which all inquiry bows to reality as it is. The absolute component lies in our intention to affirm what is true or good independent of the fact that we happen to affirm it.
		As a correlation between objective data and subjective acts, it corresponds to Aristotle's understanding of truth as a relation between what we affirm and what really is so.
	www.utm.edu /research/iep/l/lonergan.htm (9980 words)

	Untitled (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		According to some of the more conservative and polemical partisans on the science side, the sciences are fighting for their very intellectual lives against the humanities who have been subverted by radical relativists and anti-rationalists in the form of feminists, Marxists and social constructionists of all stripes (Gross and Levitt, 1994).
		I will argue that contemporary Philosophy of Science, while deeply critical of the traditional model of science as "factual" and objective, is no enemy to science.
		Both sides have their own theories of evidence and justification, and both sides would be much better served by getting over disciplinary chauvinism, and focusing their efforts on understanding and arguing about these theories.
	www.philosophy.ilstu.edu /horvath/ScienceWarsabs.html (247 words)

	Richard Rorty and the Postmodern Rejection of Absolute Truth (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Dean Geuras received his M.A. and Ph.D. in Philosophy from the University of Colorado at Boulder teaches in the Department of Philosophy at Southwest Texas State University.
		The suppositions to which I refer are precisely those that postmodernists reject: that there is objective truth, objective moral value, and an intelligible universe.
		However, in these cases, the replacement of objectivity with solidarity is almost universally recognized as illegitimate and inconsistent with any reasonable or generally accepted notion of truth.
	www.leaderu.com /aip/docs/geuras.html (5170 words)

	The creator god vs. objectivity - Atheistic Forum
		Indeed, it should be clear that no objectivity is possible when the notion of a creator god is in play, including objective reality, since reality like everything else is subject to the will of god.
		For something to be an objective standard, it must exist externally to the will of the observer, but that cannot be the case with the creator god.
		I found humanist morality to be objective, for all normal people would see what is good and wrong in how conditions affect humans,other animals and the enviornment.Its inter-subjectivity makes for objectivity.It is provisional like science and like wise there will be disputes in it.
	debate.atheist.net /showthread.php?t=123 (2903 words)

	The Objectivity Home Page
		Objectivity is a hardcopy journal established in 1990 by Stephen Boydstun.
		It has attracted an enthusiastic readership of academic and independent intellectuals who prize rationality, objectivity, and modern science.
		This cameo exhibits the intellectual level and the substantiality of articles in Objectivity.
	www.bomis.com /objectivity (120 words)

	BOOKSTORE: Books by Tibor R. Machan
		In this book Professor Machan defends objectivity in philosophy, science, and everyday life from its many critics.
		Objectivity stands in need of a defence because it is a difficult ideal to serve, especially in an era of multiculturalism, deconstructionism, feminism, and diversity.
		The Man Without a Hobby is the memoir of Tibor Machan, a first generation refugee who escaped both a political and a personal tyranny early in his life and embarked upon a search for an understanding of what it means to live freely and wisely.
	radicalacademy.com /bksmachan.htm (628 words)

	OhioLINK ETD: Haely, Karen
		Indeed, many theorists have argued that social and cultural values and interests must be present in science (and knowledge gathering in general) in order to make sense of the world.
		The concept of objectivity has been utilized in the philosophy of science (as well as in epistemology) as a way to discuss and explore the various types of social and cultural influence that operate in science.
		In addition, the views examined in this thesis offer conceptions of objectivity that are intended to allow us to increase the extent to which our scientific theories are objective, but at the same time allow us to appreciate (and not eliminate) the role of cultural and social interests as they play a role in science.
	www.ohiolink.edu /etd/view.cgi?osu1064415629 (212 words)

	Objectivity is shared subjectivity - SciForums.com
		But if we have even a conception of it, we are in fact accessing it, and to think that our "objectivity" is simply because of our humanity is thus then deeply flawed.
		We have in our Western philosophy a traditional theory of faculty psychology wherein our reasoning is a faculty completely separate from the body.
		I suspect that many fundamental aspects of philosophy and psychology are focused upon declaring, whenever possible, the separateness of our species from all other animals.
	www.sciforums.com /showthread.php?p=1197629 (1003 words)

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