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Topic: Observational study

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	Observational Study (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The observational study involved unobtrusive and systematic observations of the travel patterns of persons whose driver's license had been suspended as the result of a first-time alcohol-impaired driving conviction.
		The travel patterns from observations conducted during the suspension period were to be compared with the travel patterns during similar observations conducted after the license was reinstated.
		These observation periods were selected to include a time period when the subject would likely be traveling to work and a time period when the subject would likely be traveling for personal, recreational, or social reasons.
	www.nhtsa.dot.gov /people/injury/research/observation_study/observation_study.htm (454 words)

	NRCCS - Results of an observational pilot study on the effects of non-conventional therapies —
		The purpose of this longitudinal observational study was to investigate the effect of non-conventional therapies (NCT) on chronic diseases using cost-outcome and the patients’ symptom score as measures of effect.
		The summary goals of this study are to investigate the postulated cost reduction by nonconventional therapies, and the therapeutic effects of these treatments in patients whose state of disease cannot be improved by conventional medical therapies.
		The study instruments have proved suitable: The structure of the case report forms, the questionnaires for patients, and the process of the procedure were optimized during the test phase and approved by the scientific committee.
	www.symposion.com /nrccs/moebus.htm (3603 words)

	OBSERVATIONAL STUDY DESIGNS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Cross sectional studies are easy to do and tend to be economical since repeated data collection is not done.They yield useful data on prevalence of diseases and this is often good enough to assess the health situation a population.
		In this classic study, investigators were trying to determine the factors responsible for the unusual occurrence of a rare tumor (vaginal adenocarcinoma) among 8 young women born between 1946 and 1951.
		Case control studies are the best design for investigating the etiology of rare diseases; if this hypothesis were to be tested using a cohort design, several thousand mothers who had received DES would have had to be followed up until their daughters developed vaginal tumours.
	www.sunmed.org /Obser.html (3242 words)

	Parenting Behavior in a Sample of Young Mothers in Poverty: Results of the New Chance Observational Study - Executive ...
		This is a report on the New Chance Observational Study – an in-depth examination of parenting behavior and its relationship to children’s development in a subset of the families participating in the New Chance Demonstration.
		The New Chance Observational Study — the subject of this monograph — is an in-depth examination of parenting behavior in 290 of the 2,322 families studied in the New Chance Demonstration, a national research and demonstration program operated between 1989 and 1992 at 16 locations in 10 states.
		The observational study interaction tasks, and the coding of behavior from those tasks, grew out of previous research in the laboratories of Catherine Snow, Jeanne De Temple, and their colleagues at Harvard University, and Byron Egeland, Nancy Weinfield, John Ogawa, and their colleagues at the University of Minnesota.
	www.mdrc.org /publications/152/execsum.html (9615 words)

	Clinical Research Observational Study Consent Form (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		These studies may involve testing for the presence of genes (DNA) and investigations of blood factors (e.g., antibodies or novel inflammatory proteins) that may influence the risk of getting disease, the risk of having a severe form of the disease, and the chance of responding to treatment.
		The study clinical center has not set aside funds to pay for any health conditions that you may develop, and will not pay for any health problems or conditions that might occur during the course of this study.
		In order for this study to be valid, you should not join other health studies where you would be assigned at random (like the flip of a coin) to receive a medication, special test, or special treatment.
	www.niams.nih.gov /rtac/clinical/observ.htm (1604 words)

	NHLBI Women's Health Initiative, Observational Study Fact Sheet
		The WHI observational study (OS) had several goals.
		To compare risk factors, presence of disease at the start of the study, and new occurrences of disease during the WHI across all study components; and
		The observational study enlisted 93,676 postmenopausal women between the ages of 50 to 79.
	www.nhlbi.nih.gov /whi/os.htm (217 words)

	Observational study on life quality in CEFALALGICI patients (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		This clinical research was a prospective observational study, composed of an evaluation at the beginning of the treatment (first visit) and a second evaluation after 4-6 months.
		The criteria for exclusion from the study were painful syndromes in the head as a result of other pathology (trauma, vascular and metabolic disorders, non-vascular intracranial disorders, intake of substances or their withdrawal) and a high probability of insufficient compliance with homeopathic treatment or with the questionnaire because of psychic or character problems.
		The proposal to participate in the study was made to all patients eligible according to the criteria, without making any further choices (such as including only those patients where the doctor could feel he has found the correct remedy).
	chimclin.univr.it /omc/cef-bhj-revised.htm (4123 words)

	Study finds frequent consumption of alcohol linked to lower risk of heart attack in men
		The observational study, which tracked the drinking habits of nearly 40,000 men over a 12-year period, provides an important clue as to how alcohol helps guard against coronary heart disease, and for the first time, strongly suggests that routine consumption of alcoholic beverages is key.
		Eric Rimm, ScD, Associate Professor of Nutrition and Epidemiology at the Harvard School of Public Health and the study's senior author, added that this was one of the first studies to document a lower risk of heart attacks among men who increase their alcohol consumption over time.
		Study subjects who increased consumption by one drink per day during the 12 years of the study had a 22 percent lower risk of heart attack than men whose consumption patterns remained unchanged.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2003-01/bidm-sff010603.php (846 words)

	Observational Study Assignment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		However, the first thing you will need to decide is which observational study you wish to conduct.
		This study is designed to examine the distance at which men and women interact with each other on campus.
		This study is based on a replication of a 1976 study by M.A. Jenni.
	userwww.service.emory.edu /~evanman/obsassign.html (359 words)

	Critical Care \| Full text \| Antithrombin III in patients admitted to intensive care units: a multicenter observational ...
		For this reason we undertook an observational study to determine the pattern of use of ATIII in ICUs and to assess the outcome of patients given this treatment.
		At the end of the study, 65.3% of the patients were alive, 24.5% died and 10.2% were still in the hospital.
		The main scientific value of our observational and prospective study lies in its naturalistic design; the population of patients that we studied was in fact drawn from the everyday practice of more than 20 hospitals and was intentionally free from specific exclusion criteria.
	ccforum.com /content/6/5/447 (2373 words)

	Clinical Trial: Perinatal Infections in Pakistan
		The main hypothesis of the study is that bacterial vaginosis (BV) is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes.
		The overall goal of this research is to conduct a prospective observational study to identify the risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes including reproductive tract infections such as BV, and other physical, dental, nutritional, psychosocial, and behavioral characteristics.
		A matched case-control study will be conducted at the end of the data collection period to evaluate the use of markers for the prediction of infection related perinatal mortality and infection related SPTD.
	clinicaltrials.gov /show/NCT00070746 (649 words)

	Usability First: Usability Glossary: observational study
		Casual observation can be used to gain a basic understanding of a situation quickly and at minimal cost.
		Observational researchers are often particularly concerned with minimizing observer bias and achieving good inter-observer reliability.
		Observation is not a particularly good method in general for determining people's opinions and beliefs (instead, use interviews and surveys), and is not particularly strong evidence for determining why something is happening (instead, use an experiment), though in both cases observational studies may provide extremely useful insights.
	usabilityfirst.com /glossary/main.cgi?function=display_term&term_id=307 (146 words)

	Patterns of Speculation: A Study in Observational Econophysics
		Roehner could have profitably compared the methodology of "observational econophysics" with that of a discipline pursuing similar objectives from within economics.
		The resulting confrontation between the deductivists and the historicists became known as the methodenstreit -- or the battle of the methods -- which was ultimately won by the newly emerging neoclassical economists trained (ironically) in science and mathematics, largely because the historicists focused myopically on the patterns in history and not the underlying economic processes.
		In omitting the history of historical economics, Roehner appears to overstate the contribution of econophysics when he concludes that "the search for regularities is probably one of its most important innovations" (p.20), and that observational econophysics is unique in constructing theory only once the patterns in reality have been identified (p.xii).
	www.eh.net /bookreviews/library/0590.shtml (932 words)

	An observational study of CSII
		This study documents the efficacy and safety of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) in all (103 consecutive) patients with type 1 diabetes commencing CSII between 1995 and 1999 in the late Michael Berger’s unit in Düsseldorf.
		This report’s strengths are the long-term follow-up in a significant number of patients, and the confirmation of the usefulness of CSII in reducing the rate of serious hypoglycemia.
		Apart from being uncontrolled, the main weakness of this study is that since it has been performed, short-acting insulin analogues, with their proven advantages, are routinely used in both CSII and MDI in place of regular insulin.
	www.medforum.nl /idm/an_observational_study_of_csii.htm (667 words)

	Congenital Esotropia Observational Study (CEOS) [NEI Clinical Studies]
		The protocol for the study is identical to usual clinical practice.
		Following informed consent, two followup visits are conducted: one 2 to 4 weeks after the first examination and the other when the child is between 28 and 32 weeks of age.
		Our results can be used to define a clinical profile for which persistence of the esotropia is sufficiently likely that surgical correction at three to four months of age could reasonable be considered.
	www.nei.nih.gov /neitrials/static/study65.asp (682 words)

	Observational study (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		An observational study (also called an epidemiological or population study) looks at large populations in an attempt to find trends.
		Observational studies are open to dispute and mixed interpretation by their very nature.
		For example, if an observational study finds that people who drink green tea develop less cancer, it is not necessarily the green tea that deserves the credit.
	healthinfo.healthgate.com /GetContent.aspx?token=e0498803-7f62-4563-8d47-5fe33da65dd4&chunkiid=21895 (278 words)

	Bookselling This Week: Hewlett-Packard Labs Release Observational Study of Bookstore Shopping
		The results of the study were informative, and, in some cases, surprising, noted Kepler's Clark Kepler.
		The study was conducted from October 28 - November 9, 2002, by Rakhi Rajani of HP Laboratories' Mobile and Media Systems Laboratory in Palo Alto, California, to look at ways technology could augment a bricks-and-mortar store.
		A bookstore was the perfect fit, because bookstores "are rich in information and choices and are often considered to be a comfortable environment in which to navigate and browse the media available," Rajani explained via e-mail.
	news.bookweb.org /news/1562.html (329 words)

	observational study: essayspal.com- the essays, book reports, college papers, term papers pal
		The primary source of information on this topic came from a survey of the literature, but this secondary information was supplemented by observation and surveying of two teachers with different approaches to teaching reading.
		The results of this observational study that I performed are somewhat inconclusive, due in large measure to the significant limitation placed on the story by the size of the group being studied.
		essayspal.com is a website that has a wealth of free essay abstracts on observational study.
	essayspal.com /term-papers/3610/observational-study.html (321 words)

	Hysterectomy and sexual wellbeing: prospective observational study of vaginal hysterectomy, subtotal abdominal ...
		Hysterectomy and sexual wellbeing: prospective observational study of vaginal hysterectomy, subtotal abdominal hysterectomy, and total abdominal hysterectomy -- Roovers et al.
		Hysterectomy and sexual wellbeing: prospective observational study of vaginal hysterectomy, subtotal abdominal hysterectomy, and total abdominal hysterectomy
		study, removal of the cervix had no adverse effect on sexuality.
	bmj.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/327/7418/774 (2387 words)

	Observational Study (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		This report describes the procedures used in the study and the results obtained from systematic observations of gifted and talented students in 46 third and fourth grade classrooms.
		The observations were designed to determine if and how teachers meet the needs of gifted and talented students in regular classroom settings.
		Across five subject areas and 92 observation days, gifted students received instruction in homogeneous groups only 21 percent of the time, and the target gifted and talented or high ability students experienced no instructional or curricular differentiation in 84 percent of the instructional activities in which they participated.
	www.gifted.uconn.edu /nrcgt/westarc1.html (459 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Benign afebrile cluster convulsions with gastroenteritis: an observational study
		Benign afebrile cluster convulsions with gastroenteritis: an observational study
		Their occurrence is not rare as shown in a study of 63 children with acute convulsions, where fits with gastroenteritis were the predominant causes in children aged 25–36 months and the second cause in 85% of those aged 13–24 months.
		[6,7,14],10 Some studies have suggested that common peptide hormones between the brain and the gastrointestinal tract, associated with spontaneous electrical epileptogenic activity and lowered seizure threshold in some adults, may be a contributing factor to the occurrence of afebrile convulsions during gastroenteritis.
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2431/4/2 (2646 words)

	NHLBI Women's Health Initiative (WHI)
		The WHI was launched in 1991 and consisted of a set of clinical trials and an observational study, which together involved 161,808 generally healthy postmenopausal women.
		The clinical trials were designed to test the effects of postmenopausal hormone therapy, diet modification, and calcium and vitamin D supplements on heart disease, fractures, and breast and colorectal cancer.
		The hormone trial had two studies: the estrogen-plus-progestin study of women with a uterus and the estrogen-alone study of women without a uterus.
	www.nhlbi.nih.gov /whi (219 words)

	An Observational Study of Staircase Handrail Use - Report Abstract
		Handrails are the primary safety devices installed on staircases, yet it has not been empirically determined to what extent they are actually used.
		This study selected two staircases, one long and wide and another short and narrow, serving a newly remodeled shopping mall.
		The study shows that even with handrails having high usability characteristics, actual handrail use is minimal.
	www.beta-research.com /r0270302abstract.html (261 words)

	583 - Abstract (11th CROI)
		With better awareness of treatment options and health care worker education, patients are detected in relatively earlier stage of HIV disease (CD4 >250) as compared with earlier (CD4 <200 with varying degrees of bone marrow suppression), allowing use of AZT in place of d4T.
		This study compares outcome of AZT vs d4T along with 3TC+EFV plus rifampicin-based ATT.
		Clinical assessment was monthly and CD4/CD8 lymphocyte enumerations half yearly; we used Wilcoxon signed rank to compare paired CD4 counts within patients and Mann-Whitney to compare CD4 counts from baseline between the 2 study groups.
	www.retroconference.org /2004/cd/Abstract/583.htm (372 words)

	Naturalistic Observation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Do a pilot study and note behaviors - (In reality this step is never ending, you will always being noticing finer grained behaviors and grouping them in more relevant clusters)
		Cross-sectional Study - look at many groups, of different ages, at the same time.
		Assignment: (20 total points) You are to design and conduct an observation of an activity of your choice.
	www.viterbo.edu /personalpages/faculty/DWillman/p230_nat_obs.htm (667 words)

	Observational Study (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The study presented major feasibility issues, the most complex of which was the fact that a very small number of hemophilia A patients were eligible to participate in the study.
		Since the protocol required in-home observation, recruitment was further complicated by patients' natural hesitation to allow Quintiles research staff into their residences.
		Our toughest challenge, therefore, was to recruit from this small, geographically dispersed population, especially since the study excluded children and required evaluation in the patients' own homes.
	www.quintiles.com /NR/exeres/EED8A3F5-C235-45D2-A057-4755A0064581.htm?NRMODE=Unpubpshed (546 words)

	Emily Patterson's home page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		A field study was conducted to investigate what it means to update a supervisory controller on the status of a continuous, anomaly-driven process in a complex, distributed environment.
		Traditionally, studies in cognitive psychology have focused on individual cognition, where a subject does not have the ability to use resources that would normally be available in a real-world context, such as other people, machine artifacts, procedures, or experience.
		Along the same lines, field observations are being used more frequently to afford the opportunity to gain a realistic view of the full complexity of the work environment and come up with empirically grounded hypotheses for how interventions could impact the nature of work in that setting.
	csel.eng.ohio-state.edu /emily (4557 words)

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