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Topic: Observing

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	Observing Log (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Your observing logs should be submitted three times during the course, as indicated in the outline of topics on the home page of the course.
		The observing log reports must be of sufficient detail so as to provide convincing evidence that you have made the observations you claim.
		Observing logs will be graded three times during the semester and will be collected on the first class of February, March, and April in the winter term and the first class of October, November, and December in the fall term OR as indicated on the Lecture Schedule.
	www.artsci.gmcc.ab.ca /people/aaquisto/astronomy/observing_log.htm (1885 words)

	NAMN Guide: Chapter 4 - Telescopic
		Observing meteors with telescopes or binoculars is one of the most valuable fields of study that the amateur astronomer can work in.
		One of the principal reasons for observing telescopic meteors is to investigate radiant properties by plotting meteor paths accurately.
		The basic principles of telescopic meteor observing are essentially the same as for visual observing since an area of sky is watched and a detailed record is made of meteors that are seen.
	www.namnmeteors.org /guidechap4.html (1917 words)

	Observing Snow
		Observing Snow is intended as a journey to bridge the gap between the old and new, the traditional and the scientific, Native and Western approaches to education.
		Observing Snow is an attempt to teach basic core subjects, especially science, and listening and reading comprehension, using materials that make sense to the Alaska Native student.
		The Observing Snow curriculum consists of a day-long field trip, 2-3 hours of discussion with students about traditional lifestyles, 1-2 hours of talking about native snow terms, and an optional 2-3 hours of participation in the snow shelter and snow pit exercises.
	www.ankn.uaf.edu /curriculum/Athabascan/ObservingSnow/intro.html (3831 words)

	Observation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The speed of expansion was apparently constant (Hubble's 'constant'), as evidenced by light from the galaxies, which was doppler-shifted in color toward the red side of the spectrum.
		"Observe always that everything is the result of a change, and get used to thinking that there is nothing Nature loves so well as to change existing forms and to make new ones like them." Meditations.
		Observing is part of the process of developing a morality.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Observing (846 words)

	Applying for Observing Time
		Observing time granted to proposals will be charged against the total time allotted to the country whose STAC approved the proposal.
		Announcement of observing time will be sent to proposers immediately after the STAC meeting, and not later than August for the cycle starting in October.
		Because of the compressed schedule for the first observing cycle, observers will be given only short notice of the allocation and scheduling of their observing time.
	www.sofia.usra.edu /Science/observing/Observing_Program.html (2726 words)

	Astro 452: Observing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		These exercises are meant to familiarize the students with the operation of the telescope and their objective is to characterize the properties of the telescope and the CCD camera.
		The spirit of the observing exercises is to characterize the performance of the Davey 12" telescope and CCD camera.
		The exercises are described in detail in the observing manual, which also includes instructions on the operation of the telescope and CCD camera as well as instructions on what intermediate results you need to turn in for each exercise.
	www.astro.psu.edu /~mce/A451_2/A452/observing.html (525 words)

	5.1 GO - green bank telescope observing interface (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Observing with the Green Bank Telescope may be performed either interactively through a graphical control panel or by using a pre-planned observing file, called an observing table.
		An observing table is an ASCII file that may be created by any text editor or edited from the table panel.
		Observing procedures which are used by both the main panel and observing tables are discussed in the GO Procedures section.
	www.gb.nrao.edu /gbt/GBTMANUAL/node22.html (595 words)

	Observing Modes
		The frequency switching observing mode has two primary uses: to increase the on-source integration time through ``in-band'' switching and to alleviate the problem of finding an emission-free reference position when observing in a (spatially) complex emission region.
		This observing mode involves the nutation (chopping) of the subreflector and a positional movement of the telescope and is thus called the BSP (beam switching plus position switching) mode.
		The observing efficiencies are poorer at the faster rates but the cancellation of atmospheric drifts may be better.
	kp12m.as.arizona.edu /docs/observing_modes.htm (3403 words)

	Types of Observing in Amateur Astronomy
		Observing with binoculars provides ablility to see more details and fainter stars than can be seen the unaided eye.
		Observing with telescopes provides ablility to see more details and fainter stars than can be seen with binoculars.
		Observing with astroimaging with both film and CCD cameras provides recorded images that shows astronomical objects and details that can not be seen with above methods of observing.
	www.stargazing.net /david/misc/obstypes.html (319 words)

	Lesson 5: Observing the Galilean Moons
		As a result of this phenomenon, we are able to observe occultations by Jupiter, transit shadows of its moons on the planet, and eclipses of the moons by the planet’s shadow.
		An interesting part of observing an occultation or transit is seeing the exact time the moon disappears or “blinks out” shortly thereafter.
		It is much easier to observe if you have a motorized telescope, but it is not necessary to have one to be successful.
	www.astronomical.org /astbook/adv5.htm (1167 words)

	Applying for Observing Time
		Proposals for observing time with PSIs require approval of and collaboration with the PSI teams, as support of observing with PSIs will be provided primarily by the PSI teams.
		The observing time for the first year of operations is very limited (~100 hrs) and is offered on a shared risk basis.
		Potential observers using FSIs during the first observing cycle (only) must contact the instrument team of the requested science instrument prior to submitting a proposal and be prepared to collaborate with them.
	www.sofia.usra.edu /Science/observing/sci_observing.html (483 words)

	MegaPrime/MegaCam Observing Statistics
		After three years of scientific operation under the QSO mode, it clearly appears that the bad weather is indeed the source of the observing efficiency issue.
		The red area (hours per night) represents the combination of 1) observing overheads (readout time, filter change, telescope+dome moves,...), and 2) technical downtime (when either the instrument or the telescope are down), and 3) the engineering time (which indeed does not produce science).
		The observing efficiency has continuously increased since first light, and when pristine weather conditions meet with a flawless instrumental behavior, one reaches high peaks such as during the 05Bm05 run which brought nearly 8 hours of validation per night (with some nights peaking above 10 hours of validation per night!).
	www.cfht.hawaii.edu /Science/CFHTLS-DATA/observingstats.html (1836 words)

	WMKO - Observing at W.M. Keck Observatory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Virtually all observers now choose to observe remotely, not only because of increased mental acuity at 2,700 feet, but also because a wider range of support is available to observers in Waimea.
		MAINLAND OBSERVING: Rather than travel to Hawaii, experienced Keck observers may choose to have part or all of their team observe remotely from one of several mainland sites which offer facilities and support for mainland observing.
		If an intermittent fault occurs during observing, it can sometimes be in the best interest of our user community as a whole to chase down the problem, rather than work around it.
	www2.keck.hawaii.edu /observing/ObserverPacket/welcome101.htm (1214 words)

	GBT Observing Tables
		The observing table reader and executor is an integral part of the GBT Observe.
		Observers will want to plan their observing runs at their home institution so all of the help features built into the GBT Observe must be available to an observer at home.
		An observing table is executed from within GBT Observe using the "Observing Table" panel which is opened by selecting it in the "Other Panels" button menu at the lower left corner of the GBT Observe Main Screen.
	www.cv.nrao.edu /~rfisher/Glish/shorthand.html (2594 words)

	AAVSO: Observing Programs of the AAVSO
		Although the procedures followed by the observers in the AAVSO observing programs are standardized, each observer chooses his or her own areas of interest and targets.
		These observers from around the world come from all walks of life, range in age from 10 to 90, cover the spectrum of experience from novice to expert, and use equipment ranging from the unaided eye to binoculars to telescopes of all sizes, some with photoelectric or charge-coupled devices (CCD) or driven by computer.
		The purpose of this program is to monitor the visual behavior of eclipsing binaries, primarily their eclipses, in order to determine or revise elements (period and epoch) where necessary.
	www.aavso.org /observing/programs (1430 words)

	Remote Observing
		Another logistic motivation for remote observing involves monetary issues common to large telescopes located at sites distant from the home institutions: In general, the larger the telescope, the more heavily over-subscribed it is. Runs are therefore often only 1 or 2 nights in duration.
		The observing site is widely regarding as one of the very best in the world, yet it is half-way around the globe from most of its large European user population.
		The inclusion of students in the observing session becomes much easier, cheaper, and more routine when no travel is required, i.e., they don't need to miss classes.
	www.astro.caltech.edu /~pls/papers/acts-report/node2.html (652 words)

	FAA - Automated Surface Observing System
		Automated observing systems are designed to provide the pilot, and other users, airport weather observations "When they need it and where they need it." The observing systems work nonstop, updating observations every minute, 24 hours a day, every day of the year.
		A basic strength of automated observing systems is that critical aviation weather parameters are measured where they are needed most; i.e., the runway touchdown zone on the airport.
		The automated observing system routinely and automatically provides computer-generated voice directly to aircraft in the vicinity of airports, using FAA VHF ground-to-air radio or apended to the ATIS broadcast.
	www.faa.gov /asos/asosinfo.htm (233 words)

	Deep Impact: STSP Observing Procedures 2005 Apparition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Observing Tools on the WWW, including ephemeris generators and UT/Sidereal time converters.
		Observing logs are required or we cannot use your data!
		Actual observations of the comet and well as your flat field and dark frame images must be recorded in your observing log.
	deepimpact.umd.edu /stsp/procedures/index05.shtml (2607 words)

	Astro 11 Semester Observing Project
		Since this is a daytime lab, this semester observing project is quite different than the one in you lab manual.
		This portion of the observing project will be done entirely during class and is quite straightforward.
		This part of the observing project will be done entirely outside of class.
	www.astro.psu.edu /users/stm/astro11/sp04/observing.html (722 words)

	Observing Ideas and Observing Guides
		Observing the night sky should be something that grows at your own pace.
		Also plan on observing faint objects when the Moon is absent from the sky whenever possible.
		If you’re planning to observe on a given night, wear sunglasses during the day if appropriate, and avoid tremendously bright areas.
	www.adpartnership.net /SkyTonight/observing.html (1557 words)

	6. an observing tutorial (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The observing tutorial is intended to provide new users of the GBT with a quick summary of how to get started observing.
		The accuracy of the position should be better than 5% of the expected beamwidth at the observing frequency (see table 1.2).
		If the difference is smaller than about one half the observing bandwidth (called in-band frequency switching), it is in many cases possible to increase the signal-to-noise of the observation by a sqrt(2) by averaging the 'on' and 'off' frequency measurements.
	www.gb.nrao.edu /GBT/GBTMANUAL/node28.html (3451 words)

	Observing Tool Tutorial
		This tutorial is intended for new users of the Observing Tool (OT) who need to prepare their Phase II observation details.
		If you are familiar with previous versions of the Observing Tool, the avispa (07A) release notes summarise the changes from the previous public version.
		See the detailed observing condition constraints for the translation between %-ile bins and specific conditions as a function of wavelength.
	www.gemini.edu /sciops/OThelp/tutorials/otNewTutorial.html (8199 words)

	Hokupa'a Observing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Observing with Hokupa'a and QUIRC is more complex than observing with a straight NIR imager due to (1) the subleties of observing with adaptive optics and (2) neither Hokupa'a nor QUIRC were designed to be Gemini facility instruments and as such there is only a minimal interface between the facility and instruments.
		For classical observing with Hokupa'a on Gemini the typical observing team consists of a Gemini System Support Associate (observatory operation), a Hokupa'a operator (from UH/IfA), and the visiting classical observer.
		On your first night of a classical observing run a support astronomer will also be on the summit with you.
	www.gemini.edu /sciops/instruments/uhaos/uhaosObsIntro.html (361 words)

	Learn Urban Observing Skills (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		As a teenager in the mid-60s, Robert was able to observe most of the Messier Objects and scores of other deep-sky objects (DSOs) from his urban backyard using his home-built 6" Newtonian reflector.
		On weeknights when you don't have time to drive to your dark-sky observing site, you can observe for an hour or two and still be finished in time for the 11 o'clock news.
		When we observe with our Dob from our moderately to severely light-polluted suburban skies, we generally restrict ourselves to objects that are at least 60° and no more than 80° elevation.
	www.oreilly.com /pub/h/3381 (2556 words)

	ASTR 1031: Observing the Universe
		The one exception is when the class is scheduled to complete the "Planetarium Observing Session" in which case the classes will meet at the normally scheduled times in the Belle Aire Building.
		In order for the observing schedule to make sense you need to know which observing group you are assigned to.
		If a student fails to show up for an observing session then a score of zero will be awarded to that student for that activity.
	www.mtsu.edu /~physics/Astronomy/astr1031FAQ.htm (1547 words)

	Astronomy Observing Sessions
		However, a number of informal night sky observing sessions are scheduled this semester.
		Please note that the observing session will be canceled if the sky is more than half overcast one hour before the session is scheduled to begin, or if it is too windy to set up the telescope.
		The location of the observing sessions is the quad between the Fenwick library and Student Union I. This is not a dark location, but it is centrally located and safe for students and visitors.
	physics.gmu.edu /~hgeller/observing.html (367 words)

	Your Worst Observing Session!! - Astronomy.com Forums (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		I would have to say that my worst observing session was a night when I lived in Las Vegas NV.
		By the time he left, I was so angry that I couldn't enjoy observing any more that night, so I packed everthing up and we went home.
		A bad night of observing with your telescope is better than a good day at work..
	www.astronomy.com /ASY/CS/forums/172012/PrintPost.aspx (1513 words)

	Weather Observing
		Aerosondes, miniature aircraft guided by remote control, are being adapted for atmospheric research by scientists and engineers at UCAR member universities.
		Scientists also observe the atmosphere using radiometers, such as the NCAR Multichannel Cloud Radiometer.
		There are many types, ranging from ones that measure solar radiation to those that observe the weak microwave emissions from water molecules.
	www.ucar.edu /research/tools/observing.shtml (992 words)

	AAVSO: AAVSO Section
		All you really need to begin observing are: your unaided eyes, a pair of binoculars, or a telescope; some variable star charts to help you navigate your way through the sky; some basic instructions; and a little patience.
		For those interested in observing activity on our closest star, the sun, or a particular type of variable, such as the Eclipsing Binary and RR Lyrae type stars, or if hunting for novae, supernovae, or optical counterparts to energetic Gamma Ray Bursts strikes your fancy, we have observing programs designed to help satisfy your appetite.
		For those interested in branching out into Photoelectric Photometry and Charge-Coupled Device observing, our knowledgable Committees are there to help.
	www.aavso.org /observing (230 words)

	Heterodyne Observing
		An Introduction to Heterodyne Observing at the JCMT
		In addition to removing the need to reconfigure the system backend twice the number of useful sources is greatly increased, especially for our remotely tuneable receivers.
		Check the Atmospheric Transmission at your observing frequency for the actual amount of water vapour.
	www.jach.hawaii.edu /JCMT/spectral_line (596 words)

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