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Topic: Occupation of Czechoslovakia

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History of Czechoslovakia

Occupation of Poland by Nazi Germany

First Republic of Czechoslovakia

Sudetenland

Czechoslovakia

Origins of Czechoslovakia

Western betrayal

Konrad Henlein

Expulsion of Germans after World War II

Jozef Tiso

Occupation of Baltic Republics

Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia

Pursuit of Nazi collaborators

List of Presidents of Czechoslovakia

Jan Syrovy

	Occupation of Czechoslovakia - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		During World War II, Czechoslovakia ceased to exist and was divided into the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia of the Third Reich and the newly declared Slovak Republic.
		Czechoslovakia was a major manfucturer of machine guns and had an highly modernized army.
		Czechoslovakia was liberated mostly by Soviet troops (the Red Army), supported by Czech and Slovak resistance, from the east to the west, only southwestern Bohemia was liberated by other Allied troops from the west.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Nazi_occupation_of_Czechoslovakia (3109 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Occupation of Czechoslovakia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Czechoslovakia was in the middle of the defensive line of the Warsaw bloc and its possible defection to the enemy was unacceptable during the Cold War.
		The invasion came on the eve of the congress of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia which was expected to entrench the reformers and decisively defeat the neo-Stalinist rump.
		Czechoslovakia was a major manufacturer of machine guns, tanks, and artillery, and had an highly modernized army.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Occupation-of-Czechoslovakia (1471 words)

	Prague Spring - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Dubček's reforms of the political process inside Czechoslovakia, which he referred to as "Socialism with a human face", did not represent a complete overthrow of the old regime, as was the case in Hungary in 1956.
		Czechoslovakia was in the middle of the defensive line of the Warsaw bloc and its possible defection to the enemy was unacceptable during the Cold War.
		The invasion came on the eve of the congress of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia which was expected to entrench the reformers and decisively defeat the neo-Stalinist rump.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Prague_Spring (720 words)

	Occupation of Czechoslovakia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		During World War II, Czechoslovakia ceased to exist and was divided into the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia of the Third Reich and the newly declared Slovak Republic.
		Czechoslovakia was a major manufacturer of machine guns, tanks, and artillery, and had an highly modernized army.
		Czechoslovakia was liberated mostly by Soviet troops (the Red Army), supported by Czech and Slovak resistance, from the east to the west, only southwestern Bohemia was liberated by other Allied troops from the west.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Occupation_of_Czechoslovakia (3250 words)

	Czechoslovakia
		Czechoslovakia (Československo in Czech and in Slovak) was a country in Central Europe, in existence from 1918 until 1992.
		The creation of Czechoslovakia was the culmination of the long struggle of the Czechs against their Austrian rulers and partly also of the Slovaks against magyarisation and their Hungarian rulers.
		In early November 1938, under the Vienna Arbitration, Czechoslovakia (and later Slovakia) was forced by Germany and Italy to cede southern Slovakia (1/3 of Slovak territory) to Hungary, and Poland obtained small territorial cessions shortly thereafter.
	www.teachersparadise.com /ency/en/wikipedia/c/cz/czechoslovakia.html (683 words)

	CZECHSLOVAKIA - The New York Review of Books
		This time the occupation of Czechoslovakia took place after the Declaration of the Soviet Government in 1956 when the methods applied under Stalin were condemned and a solemn promise was given never again to interfere with the sovereign rights of the socialist countries.
		Morgenthau the problem of the occupation of an independent country, of depriving a nation of its sovereign rights, is not an absolute principle on which world policy is to be based but a purely quantitative question.
		But to accept the occupation, a deprivation of all basic and human rights, and to cry just because of the disproportion of means and ends does more harm than the inquisitive methods of the Czechoslovak Minister of Education, however inhuman they are.
	www.nybooks.com /articles/11015 (1005 words)

	Slovak Socialist Republic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		After the occupation of Czechoslovakia in 1968 liberalisation reforms were halted and then reversed.
		The former centralist state of Czechoslovakia was divided in two: the Czech Socialist Republic and Slovak Socialist Republic by the Constitutional Law of Federation of October 28, 1968, which came into effect on January 1, 1969.
		After the fall of socialism in Czechoslovakia, the word "socialist" was dropped in the names of the two republics, i.e.
	www.sterlingheights.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Slovak_Socialist_Republic (350 words)

	Soviet Invasion of Czechoslovakia
		By dawn on August 21, 1968, Czechoslovakia was an occupied country.
		One of the priority missions of the Warsaw Pact forces during the early stages of the invasion was to neutralize the Czechoslovak armed forces.
		Czechoslovak joy was tempered by the knowledge that a sizable army of occupation would remain after the bulk of the invading force had departed.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/world/war/czechoslovakia2.htm (732 words)

	Czechoslovakia. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The creation of Czechoslovakia was the culmination of the long struggle of the Czechs against their Austrian rulers.
		Because Czechoslovakia inherited the greater part of the industries of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, it was economically the most favored of the Hapsburg successor states.
		In the elections of 1946 the Communists emerged as the strongest party (obtaining one third of the votes) and became the dominant party in the coalition headed by the Communist Klement Gottwald.
	www.bartleby.com /65/cz/Czechosl.html (1367 words)

	A Chronicle of Scouting in Eastern Europe: Czech Republic
		Czechoslovakia was established in the years following the end of the First World War and the different associations within its newly defined borders came together in one united national association.
		Czechoslovakia was finally dissolved at midnight on 31 December 1992, and was replaced by two independent republics, the Czech Republic and Slovakia.
		Czechoslovakia established October 18, 1918, at the end of the First World War and the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
	www.pinetreeweb.com /rtn-czch.htm (1004 words)

	Occupation of Czechoslovakia -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		On May 20, Czechoslovakia initiated a partial (Act of assembling and putting into readiness for war or other emergency: "mobilization of the troops") mobilization in response to rumours of German troop movements.
		The next day, however, Hitler added new demands, insisting that the claims of (A republic in central Europe; the invasion of Poland by Germany in 1939 started World War II) Poland and (A republic in central Europe) Hungary for their minorities also be satisfied.
		Czechoslovakia was a major manfucturer of (A rapidly firing automatic gun (often mounted)) machine guns and had an highly modernized army.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/O/Oc/Occupation_of_Czechoslovakia.htm (3533 words)

	Bucharest, 21 August 1968: SHORTHAND RECORD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The occupation of Czechoslovakia is an act of great cynicism, with no precedent in history; it is a violation of the principles governing the relationships between socialist states, and the worst violation of the principles underlying the relationships between independent states.
		It makes no difference between the occupation in the dead of night of a socialist country, when the Presidium of the Central Committee was preparing the Party congress, the measures to be taken in the economic field, and the occupation of a country according to the ruthless laws of the jungle.
		The occupation of Czechoslovakia proves clearly that one cannot speak of a confrontation of principles and ideas, that they are not willing to discuss these principles and that they have, eventually, resorted to force.
	www.isn.ethz.ch /php/documents/collection_14/08211968_shorthandrecord.htm (5775 words)

	Judgment of the International Military Tribunal: The Siezure of Czechoslovakia
		This design to keep Czechoslovakia quiet whilst Austria was absorbed was a typical manoeuvre on the part of the defendant Goering, which he was to repeat later in the case of Poland, when he made the most strenuous efforts to isolate Poland in the impending struggle.
		The evidence shows that after the occupation of Austria by the German Army on the 12th March, and the annexation of Austria on the 13th March, Conrad Henlein, who was the leader of the Sudeten German party in Czechoslovakia, saw Hitler in Berlin on the 28th March.
		On the 15th March German troops occupied Bohemia and Moravia, and on the 16th March the German decree was issued incorporating Bohemia and Moravia in the Reich as a protectorate, and this decree was signed by the defendants Ribbentrop and Frick.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/Holocaust/IMTCzech.html (1224 words)

	wikien.info: Main_Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Czechoslovakia was a major manfucturer of machine guns and had an highly modernized army.
		Entire steel and chemical factories were moved from Czechoslovakia and reassembled in Linz,Austria which, incidentally remains a heavily industrialized sector of the country.
		Benes's interest in maintaining friendly relations with the Soviet Union was motivated also by his desire to avoid Soviet encouragement of a postwar communist coup in Czechoslovakia.
	pardus.info /index.php?title=Occupation_of_Czechoslovakia (3075 words)

	33 years since the Soviet-led occupation of Czechoslovakia - 21-08-2001 - Radio Prague
		The occupation forces, too, realized the significance of Radio and at 7:25 am Prague Radio announced that a column of tanks was approaching the Radio building at Vinohradska 12 and 10 minutes later listeners could already hear the shooting above the voices of the announcers.
		At the time, Czechoslovakia was very much a part of the Eastern block, with the silent consent of the West.
		Josef Ender was born in 1937 in what was then part of Czechoslovakia and was ordained by former Czech cardinal Josef Beran.
	www.radio.cz /en/article/11631 (728 words)

	CNN Cold War - Profile: Alexander Dubcek
		Born November 27, 1921 in Uhrovec, Czechoslovakia (now in the Slovak Republic), to communist parents, Dubcek spent his youth first in Slovakia, then in Kirghizia (now Kyrgystan), where his father moved the family in response to the Soviet Communist Party's call for communists to help build "socialism" in the Soviet Union.
		During the Nazi occupation of Czechoslovakia, Dubcek fought the Germans both through guerrilla activities of the underground resistance and as part of the Slovak National Uprising.
		People in the streets of Czechoslovakia passively resisted tanks with placards and slogans, changing the names of many villages to Dubcekovo ("belonging to Dubcek") to show their support for Dubcek and confuse the invading troops.
	www.cnn.com /SPECIALS/cold.war/kbank/profiles/dubcek (538 words)

	CZECH REPUBLIC
		Czechoslovakia relied on France for her defence against German aggression but France sided with Britain in the Munich agreement of 29 Sept. 1938 which ceded to Germany.
		Opponents of the agreement argued that Czechoslovakia, which was unambiguously victimized by Nazi Germany from 1938 to 1945, should not have agreed to a declaration of mutual wrongdoing.
		Although Czechoslovakia was the only east European country to remain a parliamentary democracy from 1918 to 1938, it was plagued with minority problems, the most important of which concerned the country's large German population.
	jiridlouhy20.tripod.com /jorge/id18.html (10142 words)

	International Military Tribunal "Blue Series," Vol. 1, p. 196
		In June 1938 as appears from a captured document taken from the files of the SD in Berlin, an elaborate plan for the employment of the SD in Czechoslovakia had been proposed.
		The plan was modified in some respects in September after the Munich Conference, but the fact the plan existed in such exact detail and was couched in such war-like language indicated a calculated design to resort to force.
		These facts demonstrate that the occupation of Czechoslovakia had been planned in detail long before the Munich Conference.
	www.holocaust-history.org /works/imt/01/htm/t196.htm?size=2 (403 words)

	Slovakia
		Following the German occupation of Czechoslovakia, the new country of Slovakia immediately fell into the German political orbit and became allied.
		The newly created army of Slovakia (the unoccupied portion of Czechoslovakia) retained seventy nine of the two hundred and ninety eight LT vz 35s which had been in Czech service.
		Czechoslovakia built 298 LT vz 35 from 1936 - 39 as their main battle tank.
	mailer.fsu.edu /~akirk/tanks/Slovakia/slovakia.html (1144 words)

	CZECHOSLOVAKIA SCOUTING
		The first founder of Scouting in Czechoslovakia was a professor of physical training at the secondary school - A.B. Svojsfk / 1876 - 1938.
		In 1968 after the famous "Praga Spring" Scout organization was restored, but after the occupation of Czechoslovakia by the armies of Warsaw Pact, the third abolition followed in 1970.
		The number of scouts in former Czechoslovakia was: 1936 – 70,000, in 1945 – 230,000, in 1968 – 65,000 and after the 1989 – 80.000.
	n2zgu.50megs.com /CZE.htm (1664 words)

	CARAWEB >> Kampuchea Krom
		This occupation led to irregular cession of land by Cambodian rebel princes and also to acts of generosity on the part of Cambodian sovereigns....
		The Annamite occupation is illegal because these lands were not free and the occupation did not take place in accordance with the conditions laid down by the Act of Berlin of 1885 which specified that occupation should be permanent and that it should be notified to third parties.
		June 1945, during the Japanese occupation, in view of Viet-Nam’s intention to achieve its unity by incorporating Cochinchina within its territory, His Majesty King Norodom Sihanouk expressly reserved Cambodia’s title to the territory of Cochinchina and suggested the formation of a mixed commission to define the Khmero-Vietnamese frontier.
	www.caraweb.org /articles/kampuchea_krom.html (2642 words)

	The Reference Frame: Occupation of Czechoslovakia in 1968
		Thirty-nine years ago, armies of the Soviet Union and four other communist countries (a list that didn't include Romania) have offered a brotherly help to Czechoslovakia and terminated the Prague Spring, a period of relative freedom, democratization, and liberalization of the economy and other segments of the society.
		These half a million soldiers who were invited by local communist traitors and sent by foreign communist barbarians have only killed about 72 people in the country.
		It was a clear confrontation between a small cultural nation that knew what it was doing on one side and the brute power of five undemocratic governments.
	motls.blogspot.com /2007/08/occupation-of-czechoslovakia-in-1968.html (400 words)

	Henry Bogdan - From Warsaw To Sofia
		Even in Czechoslovakia, considered an exemplary democracy, the president of the republic retained considerable authority, firmly establishing himself as the seat of the government.
		Political life in Czechoslovakia was first and foremost characterized by a multiplicity of parties, both national and those formed to represent minorities.
		This was confirmed in 1938-39 by Slovakia's pro-German behavior during the German occupation of Czechoslovakia, support which Germany rewarded with the creation of an independent Slovakian state.
	www.net.hu /corvinus/lib/bogdan/bogdan17.htm (4365 words)

	O P E N B O O K
		Czechoslovakia was quite diverse at this time as well, containing Czechs, Slovaks, Ukranians, Hungarians, and Jews.
		Many business owners in the former Czechoslovakia lost their livelihood under German occupation, and the Kulkas were no exception.
		This is because shortly after the occupation of Czechoslovakia in 1939, the SS imposed what it called “currency control” of mail.
	www.geocities.com /Tokyo/Fuji/2248 (1844 words)

	Shofar FTP Archives: imt/tgmwc/judgment/j-invasion-czechoslovakia
		[Page 20] This design to keep Czechoslovakia quiet whilst Austria was absorbed was a typical maneuver on the part of the Defendant Goering, which he was to repeat later in the case of Poland, when he made the most strenuous efforts to isolate Poland in the impending struggle.
		The evidence shows that after the occupation of Austria by the German Army on 12 March and the annexation of Austria on 13th March, Conrad Henlein, who was the leader of the Sudeten German Party in Czechoslovakia, saw Hitler in Berlin on 28 March.
		The fixing of the exact time for this incident is of the utmost importance." These facts demonstrate that the occupation of Czechoslovakia had been planned in detail long before the Munich Conference.
	www.vex.net /~nizkor/ftp.cgi/imt/tgmwc/ftp.py?imt/tgmwc/judgment/j-invasion-czechoslovakia (1167 words)

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