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Topic: Occupation of Japan

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	History of Japan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Emphasis was especially placed on Japan's "preeminent interests" in the Korean Peninsula, once famously described as a "dagger pointed at the heart of Japan." It was tensions over Korea and Manchuria, respectively, that led Japan to become involved in the first Sino-Japanese War with China in 1894-1895 and the Russo-Japanese War with Russia in 1904-1905.
		Japan was denied an indemnity, which lead to riots due to the massive amounts of public investiture and fervor in the war.
		Japan went to the peace conference at Versailles in 1919 as one of the great military and industrial powers of the world and received official recognition as one of the "Big Five" of the new international order.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_Japan (5278 words)

	Post-Occupation Japan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Japan did this on the same day it signed the San Francisco Treaty: Shigeru Yoshida and Harry Truman penned a document that allowed the United States Armed Forces to continue their use of bases in Japan.
		Japan continued to experience Westernization in the postwar era, much of which came about during the occupation, when American soldiers were a common sight in many parts of the country.
		Japan Airlines flight 123 crashed in Omitaka-yama causing 520 deaths and only 4 survivors in one of the largest aircraft related casualty.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Post-Occupation_Japan (799 words)

	Occupied Japan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It also restricted Japan to spending no more than 1% of its budget on defenses, to prevent Japan from becoming an aggressive military power (although as of 2004 there was an active movement to repeal the clause).
		The Allies dismantled Japan's zaibatsu: only their factories remained, in the hands of a wide array of corporations which eventually coalesced into what are now known as keiretsu.
		In February 1947, Japan's workers were ready to call a general strike, in an attempt to take over their factories; MacArthur warned that he would not allow such a strike to take place, and the unions eventually relented, making them lose face and effectively subduing them for the remainder of the occupation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Occupied_Japan (1207 words)

	Anti Essays : : Occupation of Japan
		Japan's agriculture was the quickest of national activities to recover because of land reform.
		The initial period of the occupation from 1945 to 1948 was marked by reform, the second phase was one of stabilization.
		Japan became the main staging area for military action in Korea and went on a war boom economy with out having to fight in or pay for a war.
	www.antiessays.com /print.php?eid=794 (1639 words)

	Japanese history: Postwar
		Especially during the first half of the occupation, Japan's media was subject to a rigid censorship of any anti-American statements and controversial topics such as the race issue.
		Japan's Self Defence Force was established in 1954, accompanied by large public demonstrations.
		Japan's relations to the Soviet Union were normalized in 1956, the ones to China in 1972.
	www.japan-guide.com /e/e2124.html (497 words)

	Post-Occupation Japan -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Three years after Japan's independence, the newly-formed (Click link for more info and facts about Liberal Democratic Party) Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) achieved a majority in the (Click link for more info and facts about Diet of Japan) Diet of Japan, which would be unchallenged until the 1990s.
		Japan continued to experience (Assimilation of Western culture; the social process of becoming familiar with or converting to the customs and practices of Western civilization) Westernization in the postwar era, much of which came about during the occupation, when American soldiers were a common sight in many parts of the country.
		American soldiers returning from the occupation brought with them stories and artifacts, and the following generations of U.S. troops in Japan contributed to a steady trickle of (Any of several Oriental arts of weaponless self-defense; usually practiced as a sport) martial arts and other culture from the country.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/p/po/post-occupation_japan1.htm (1331 words)

	The American Occupation in Japan
		The Occupation provided the groundwork from which one of the strongest nations of the 20th century emerged by laying the foundation for democracy and successful capitalism.
		JapanÍs constitution was written during the Occupation, and that has remained wholly unchanged until today.
		Also, the Occupation tried to transfer most of the educational responsibilities from the central government to the local level, but they were not successful at this.
	www.indyflicks.com /danielle/papers/paper10.htm (1166 words)

	Doubles: Essay on the Allied Occupation of Japan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Japan was virtually isolated from other contact, and communication was monitored and censored by the American government.
		From the outset, the main objectives of the Occupation were the disarmament of Japan and the establishment of conditions to prevent the revival of a Japanese military threat in the Pacific.
		Additionally, the constitution called for the decentralization of police in Japan to ensure that the policing units or military could never again be as united and as strong as it had been during the prewar era.
	www.aems.uiuc.edu /HTML/Doubles/Essay.html (631 words)

	HyprWar: "The United States Marines in the Occupation of Japan"
		The United States Marines in the Occupation of Japan is a concise narrative of the major events which took place when Marine air and ground units were deployed to the main islands of Japan at the close of World War II.
		The occupation area contained 55 per cent of the total Japanese population, including half of the presurrender home garrison, three of Japan's four major naval bases, all but two of its principal ports, four of its six largest cities, and three of its four main transportation centers.
		Its occupation by the 5th Marine Division was to be followed by the seizure by the 2d Marine Division of Nagasaki, 30 air miles to the south.
	www.ibiblio.org /hyperwar/USMC/HRP-Occupation (12180 words)

	Socialism Today - The US occupation of Japan
		Following Japan’s capitulation on 15 August 1945, after atom bombs were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the country became a de facto US colony under the Supreme Command for the Allied Powers (SCAP) headed by MacArthur.
		Japan’s imperial ambitions, its attempt to create a ‘Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere’ counterpoised to white colonial rule in Asia, drew inspiration from older imperialist powers such as Britain.
		Japan’s post-war radicalisation had seen union ranks swell from 380,000 at the end of 1945 to 5.6 million a year later.
	www.socialismtoday.org /74/japan.html (1405 words)

	Japan after WWII
		Japan was firstly demilitarized, and steps were taken to bring forth "a peacefully inclined and responsible government." Industry was to be adequate for peacetime needs, but war-potential industries were forbidden.
		From historical point of view, this is the first time that a foreign government occupied Japan for the reason that Japan had never lost single war vs. an alien force.
		Since Japan had strong rural world, it was particular a significant for the post WWII Japan.
	www.empereur.com /DOC/Japan_occup.html (989 words)

	US Occupation of Japan
		However, another approach used by the Occupation was to see the Japanese culture being one of Freudian obseesional neurosis that forced individual Japanese to act according to 'situational ethics.' MacArthur's staff interpreted the psychological approach to mean that they had to tell Japanese how to behave.
		The Japanese slogan during the occupation was "enduring the unendurable" (Dower, p.
		After the stations were closed, prostitution (mostly third-country women) was made legal by the Japanese government, because of the huge demand from the occupying troops and as a way to protect other Japanese women from rape or assault.
	www.mcps.k12.md.us /schools/wjhs/depts/socialst/Cohen/japan/japan_occupation.html (541 words)

	History, Japan Occupation and Analogy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		On January 24, 2003, a group of Japanese and international specialists on the U.S. occupation of Japan held a press conference at the Foreign Correspondents Club in Tokyo to challenge the Bush administration's premises with respect to the Japanese occupation analogy and the logic of invasion.
		The occupation of Japan (1945-52) derived its legitimacy from a broad Allied consensus, as expressed in the Potsdam Proclamation, issued by Britain and the United States on July 26, 1945.
		As students of the Japanese occupation, we believe that the Bush administration's plans for war and occupation in Iraq are a historical mistake and strongly urge the United States to seek a peaceful solution to the present crisis.
	communication.ucsd.edu /911/japan.html (1546 words)

	The Globalist \| Global History -- The U.S. Occupation of Japan — Four Lessons for Iraq
		One of the major challenges the U.S. occupation faced in seeking to reorient the Japanese economy to the manufacturing and export of mass consumer goods was that Japanese quality was lousy.
		The U.S. occupation of Japan — there were, by the way, other nations present, but this was, as in Iraq, overwhelmingly an American show — was initially seen as a huge success.
		What the history of the U.S. occupation of Japan shows is that even in the case of a highly homogenous, disciplined, unarmed nation, regime change is very difficult, possibly impossible.
	www.theglobalist.com /DBWeb/printStoryId.aspx?StoryId=3711 (1811 words)

	Hideo Miki: Thoughts on the Military History of the Occupation of Japan
		We are now on the crest of a wave of interest in America's post-war occupation of Japan; many studies of the occupation have recently appeared, both in Japan and the United States.
		FDR's strategy against Japan in 1945 was overly harsh and I believe it should be soundly criticized from the standpoint of the proportion of violence inflicted in relation to the strategic objective.
		The occupation plan was to divide Japan into four zones: one for the U.S., one for the U.K., one for the Soviet Union and another for China.
	www.vho.org /GB/Journals/JHR/9/2/Miki177-191.html (5211 words)

	Biblio: Allied Occupation of Japan by Robert Ricketts and Sebastian Swann: Details (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Japan's success in charting a new course in the years following World War II stems from the reforming impetus of GHQ/SCAP, Headquarters of the American-led allied occupation that indirectly governed the nation for nearly seven years.
		The Allied Occupation of Japan is the story of the reforms of the Occupation period and of the remarkable men and women, Japanese and American, who implemented them.
		Professor Takemae introduced a wealth of new material on the wartime origins of Occupation policies, the British Commonwealth Force, the Kurils, Okinawa the Korean minority, A-bomb survivors, war crimes, the Constitution Education, and Health and Welfare.
	www.biblio.com /books/isbnnu/10437691.html (222 words)

	Thoughts on the Military History of the Occupation of Japan
		It included provisions for the occupation of Japan by four powers-the U.S., USSR, UK and China-after Japanese surrender, and the punishment of the emperor as a war criminal.
		This, too, was a part of their occupation strategy, and is a significant issue which deserves further study as a very important theme for peace in the future.
		It is due to the fact of the continued occupation of these northern territories by the Soviet Union that there is not a peace treaty between the Soviet Union and Japan today, and technically Japan and the Soviet Union remain in a state of war.
	www.ihr.org /jhr/v09/v09p177_Miki.html (5285 words)

	Is Iraq the New Japan? - What the post-World War II occupation of Japan can teach us about ruling Iraq. By David ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Yet if officials are looking to post-World War II Japan for pointers on running the Saddam-less pit of postwar Iraq, they should study not just the similarities between the two situations but also the signal differences.
		The Japanese were ready to refute and punish their own leaders and to "embrace defeat," in the pithy phrase of MIT historian John Dower—whose definitive book on the occupation should be read by every Bush official taken with the Japanese example.
		Not only was Japan's existing constitution, dating from 1890, jettisoned, but MacArthur audaciously rejected the new draft proposed by the postwar Japanese government and had his staff write another—modeled after the U.S. Constitution, only more progressive.
	slate.msn.com /id/2072689 (1366 words)

	History: American Occupation of Japan
		Fish, the source of so much of the protein in the Japanese diet, were no longer available in adequate quantities because the fishing fleet, particularly the large vessels, had been badly decimated by the war and because the U.S.S.R. closed off the fishing grounds in the north.
		The American occupation immediately gained not only a large constituency, for the new owners had a vested interest in preserving the change, but also a psychological momentum for other changes they wanted to initiate.
		In the desperate economic conditions of early postwar Japan, there was little room for successful bargaining over wages, and many labor unions instead made a bid to take over industry and operate it in their own behalf.
	www.cyberessays.com /History/98.htm (1617 words)

	Occupation (from Japan) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		From 1945 to 1952 Japan was under Allied military occupation, headed by the Supreme Commander for Allied Powers (SCAP), a position held by U.S. General Douglas MacArthur until 1951.
		Politics under the occupation and new constitution experienced considerable flux, as many of Japan's prewar leaders found themselves purged from public office and the two prewar parties, the Seiyukai and Minseito, restructured themselves as the Liberal and Progressive parties, respectively (the latter eventually becoming the Japan Democratic Party).
		Japan surrendered in 1945 after United States atomic bombs had destroyed the cities of Hiroshima on August 6 and Nagasaki on August 9.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-23209?tocId=23209 (792 words)

	ipedia.com: Post-Occupation Japan Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The History of Japan Jomon Yayoi Yamato period Nara period Heian Period Kamakura period Muromachi period Azuchi-Momoyama period Edo period Meiji Era Taisho period Japanese expansionism Occupied Japan...
		Many Japanese historians cite this event as the turning point for Japan following the war: it showcased the country's remarkable economic recovery on an international stage, and brought attention back to the most developed country in Asia.
		Japan's shining new bullet trains gave the country a futuristic look.
	www.ipedia.com /post_occupation_japan.html (620 words)

	History Channel - Speeches - War report: U.S. occupation of Japan
		According to the terms of surrender, Emperor Hirohito and the Japanese government were subject to the authority of the Supreme Commander for Allied Powers in occupied Japan, a post filled by General MacArthur.
		The occupation was to be a nominally Allied enterprise, but increasing Cold War division left Japan firmly in the American sphere of influence.
		MacArthur, his staff, and advisers helped a devastated Japan rebuild itself, instituted a democratic government, and charted a course that later made Japan one of the world's leading industrial powers.
	www.historychannel.com /speeches/archive/speech_503.html (350 words)

	Bay Link Lesson Plans: MacArthur Mem #8 Occupation of Japan
		The main goals of the occupation government were to end militarism in Japan, democratize the country, and repair its economy.
		Land was leased and not owned by farmers, women had no rights over property and marriage, voting rights belonged to the wealthy few, and there was little freedom of the press.
		The Meiji constitution explicitly stated that the emperor held supreme power over Japan because as a descendant of the sun goddess, the emperor was semi-devine.
	www.baylink.org /lessons/mm8-occ-japan_r.html (873 words)

	Occupation of Japan—The Occupation of Japan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Japan of 1945 and Japan of 1952 were vastly different nations.
		In 1945 the occupation forces had set about demilitarizing and democratizing Japan, and deconcentrating the economic power of the zaibatsu, or family combines.
		By the time the Treaty of Peace was signed in September 1951, Japan was well on the way to economic recovery, and the outlines of modern Japan were recognizably present.
	www.lexis-nexis.com /academic/2upa/Ias/OccupationJapan2.asp (1100 words)

	JAPAN CAPITULATES--Initial Occupation of Japan
		This page presents a special pictorial selection on the initial occupation of Japan.
		Miscellaneous Occupation Activities in the Tokyo Bay Area, 28 August - 2 September 1945.
		Allied prisoners of war cheering their rescuers, as the U.S. Navy arrives at the Aomori prison camp, near Yokohama, Japan, on 29 August 1945.
	www.history.navy.mil /photos/events/wwii-pac/japansur/js-6.htm (838 words)

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