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Topic: Ocean basin

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	Drainage basin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A drainage basin (also known in North America as a watershed) is a region of land where water from rain or snowmelt drains downhill into a body of water, such as a river, lake, dam, estuary, wetland, sea or ocean.
		Each drainage basin is separated topographically from adjacent basins by a ridge, hill or mountain, which is known as a water divide or sometimes a watershed (in those parts of the world where the drainage basin itself is not called a watershed).
		In hydrology, the drainage basin is a logical unit of focus for studying the movement of water within the hydrologic cycle, because the majority of water that discharges from the basin outlet originated as precipitation falling on the basin.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Drainage_basin (1070 words)

	ocean. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Continents and ocean basins tend to be antipodal, or diametrically opposed to one another, i.e., continents are found on the opposite side of the earth from ocean basins.
		Ocean water itself could prove to be a limitless source of energy in the event that nuclear fusion reactors are developed, since the oceans contain great quantities of deuterium.
		Ocean pollution, meantime, has escalated dramatically as those who use the oceans for recreational and commercial purposes, as well as those who live nearby, have disposed of more and more wastes there (see water pollution).
	www.bartleby.com /65/oc/ocean.html (3087 words)

	Ocean current - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Surface ocean currents are generally wind driven and develop their typical clockwise spirals in the northern hemisphere and counter-clockwise rotation in the southern hemisphere due to the imposed wind stresses.
		The areas of surface ocean currents move somewhat with the seasons, this is most notable in equatorial currents.
		Upwelling and downwelling areas in the oceans are areas, where significant vertical movement of ocean water is observed.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ocean_current (393 words)

	Ocean and Oceanography - MSN Encarta
		Ocean and Oceanography, great body of salt water comprising all the oceans and seas that cover nearly three-fourths of the surface of the earth, and the scientific study of the physical, chemical, and biological aspects of the so-called world ocean.
		In the central parts of the oceans are the midocean ridges, which are extensive mountain chains with inner troughs that are heavily intersected by cracks, called fracture zones.
		The ocean floor is covered by an average of 0.5 km (0.3 mi) of sediment, but the thickness varies up to about 7 km (4.3 mi) in the Argentine Basin in the South Atlantic.
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/RefArticle.aspx?refid=761574766 (1612 words)

	Ocean Regions: Ocean Floor - Deep Ocean Basin
		The deep ocean basin, which is about 2.5 to 3.5 miles deep, covers 30 % of Earth's surface and has features, such as abyssal plains, deep-sea trenches and seamounts.
		It is almost featureless because a thick layer of sediment covers the hills and valleys of the ocean floor below it.
		A Navy-owned submarine, the Trieste, still holds the record for diving to the bottom of the deepest part of the Marianas Trench, the Challenger Deep, on January 23,1960.
	www.onr.navy.mil /focus/ocean/regions/oceanfloor5.htm (137 words)

	10(p) Physiography of the Ocean Basins
		All of the ocean basins were formed from volcanic rock that was released from fissures located at the mid-oceanic ridges.
		Numerous volcanoes populate the floor of the ocean basins.
		Ocean trenches are long, narrow, steep-sided depressions found on the ocean floor that contain the greatest depths in the ocean (11,000 meters - western Pacific).
	www.physicalgeography.net /fundamentals/10p.html (1036 words)

	Exploring the Ocean Basins with Satellite Altimeter Data
		The surface of the ocean bulges outward and inward mimicking the topography of the ocean floor.
		According to the laws of physics, the surface of the ocean is an "equipotential surface" of the earth's gravity field.
		The deep ocean basins away from the trenches are characterized by fracture zone gravity signatures inherited at the spreading ridge axis.
	www.ngdc.noaa.gov /mgg/bathymetry/predicted/explore.HTML (2795 words)

	The Remarkable Ocean World: The Library: Where Submarines Lurk
		Indeed, the terrain of the ocean floor surpasses that of the continents, in terms of heights of mountains and depths of valleys.
		While the Atlantic Ocean basin and the Indian Ocean basin hold nearly the same volume of water, that of the Atlantic has been stretched across the globe while that of the Indian is confined to the southern half of the globe.
		The width of the continental shelf is highly variable, depending on whether it is on the leading edge of a continent, the edge, which moves towards an ocean basin, or the trailing edge, the edge that moves away from the ocean basin.
	www.courseworld.com /ocean/bottom.html (2954 words)

	ISTC - The Indian Ocean: from basin to basin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Then the studies of the ocean floor enjoyed success: researchers from around the world obtained a multitude of data on their research ships and, as a result, a Geological-Geophysical Atlas of the Indian Ocean was compiled by 1975.
		Their comparative analysis has shown that the basins in the Indian Ocean are developing irregularly and with varying speed; they have different depths of the main layers of the crust.
		For the Somali Basin the scientists constructed a chart of the dependence of the depth of the Earth’s crust on its age, where increases are evident 50-70 and 120-140 million years ago.
	www.istc.ru /istc/sc.nsf/news/Indian-Ocean.htm (303 words)

	NASA Oceanography - Ocean Surface Currents
		Ocean the wind sets the surface waters in motion as a current, the Coriolis force, the density distribution of sea water, and the shape of the ocean basin modify the speed and direction of the current.
		Ocean surface currents contribute to studies of severe weather such as hurricanes, short-term climate phenomena such as El Niño and long-term climate variability.
		The ocean is constantly in motion, with currents that travel both on the surface and in the depths.
	science.hq.nasa.gov /oceans/physical/OSC.html (1073 words)

	Ocean World, Stewart's NMEA Talk
		Ocean literacy is an understanding of the oceans influence on you and your influence on the ocean.
		The shape of ocean basins and adjacent land masses influence the path of circulation.
		The ocean is an integral part of the water cycle and is connected to all of the earth’s water reservoirs via evaporation and precipitation processes.
	oceanworld.tamu.edu /home/ocean-literacy-II.html (1706 words)

	Introduction to Physical Oceanography : Chapter 11 - Wind Driven Ocean Circulation - Munk's Solution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The ocean currents are concentrated in the upper kilometer of the ocean, they are not barotropic and independent of depth.
		The friction term is large close to a lateral boundary where the horizontal derivatives of the velocity field are large, and it is small in the interior of the ocean basin.
		Hence, it depends on the width of the ocean, the curl of the wind stress, and b.
	www-ocean.tamu.edu /education/oceanworld-old/resources/ocng_textbook/chapter11/chapter11_03.htm (677 words)

	Unit2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		CROSS-SECTION OF THE NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN BASIN FROM THE U.S. The diagram above is a drawing of the bottom profile of the North Atlantic Ocean Basin from the U.S. coast to Europe showing the major features of the ocean floor.
		The margin is the portion adjacent to the continent and the transition to the deep ocean basin.
		At the crest of the ridge is the rift valley or axial rift zone.
	www.utdallas.edu /~pujana/northbasin.html (320 words)

	-The Ocean Basin Floor-
		Located between the continental margin and the mid ocean rides is the ocean basin floor.
		Even the deep ocean trenches represent only a small percent of the area of the lithospheric ocean floor, but they’re never significant geologic features.
		Seamounts are isolated volcanic peaks dotting the ocean floors.
	mywebpage.netscape.com /_ht_a/redsknqt13/4th12/sec8.htm (277 words)

	DCR - The Health of Virginia’s Waterways Begins in Your Backyard (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The Chesapeake Bay/Small Coastal Basin is located in the eastern part of Virginia and covers 1,588 square miles or approximately 4 percent of the Commonwealth’s total land area.
		The Chesapeake Bay/Coastal Basin is defined by both hydrologic and political boundaries, and is bordered by the Potomac River Basin, the Rappahannock River Basin, the York River Basin, the James River Basin and the Chowan River-Dismal Swamp Basin to its west.
		The Eastern Shore portion is bordered on the east by the Atlantic Ocean, on the north by Maryland, and on the west and south by the Chesapeake Bay.
	www.state.va.us /dcr/waterways/the_problem/watersheds_and_you/p_chesapeake_bay.htm (339 words)

	Ocean Basin Profile
		Plot a bathymetric (ocean depth) profile across the Atlantic Ocean to examine the typical shape of the ocean basins.
		Thus, the depth data are vertically exaggerated (by a factor of 200) which enhances the subtle features of the ocean basin topography.
		What is the approximate slope of the west flank of the mid-Atlantic Ridge (measure the difference in ocean depth along the profile between about 2200 km and 3200 km distance and divide by the difference in distance, 3200-2200 or 1000 km.
	web.ics.purdue.edu /~braile/eas100/hwk3.htm (387 words)

	GISS ICP: Modelling the World Ocean For Climate Prediction: Results (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Due to diverging trade winds on the surface there are two overturning cells on opposite sides of the equator which extend down a few hundred meters; one on the north side which is overturning clockwise and one on the south side which is overturning counter clockwise.
		This is characteristic of the mainly wind driven surface circulation, which extends to the North Atlantic and Antarctic where the water sinks to the ocean's depths and may rise up to many centuries later elsewhere in the globe.
		The streamfunction at depths in the ocean is mainly driven by density differences of different water masses; the winds' effects are no longer prevalent.
	icp.giss.nasa.gov /research/ppa/2002/oceans/results2.html (1173 words)

	Images from Arctic Ocean Explorer Cruise
		The sea ice working group in their element: view of a typical sea ice station during the Hidden Ocean Expedition with ice corer, generator for power, sleds for hauling the gear, and light and temperature sensors.
		Sea ice pressure ridge from a SCUBA diver's perspective during the Hidden Ocean expedition to the Canada Basin.
		Group picture panorama of the Hidden Ocean science team and the USCGC Healy crew on the sea ice in the Canada Basin.
	www.coml.org /medres/iceocean/iceocean.htm (582 words)

	The Deep Sea
		The ocean bottom is divided into three major areas: the continental shelf, the continental slope, and the deep ocean basin.
		Here, the ocean floor deepens sharply and its features again resemble those on land, only on a much larger scale, with great plains and mountains.
		Volcanic arcs and oceanic trenches partly encircling the Pacific Basin form the so-called Ring of Fire, a zone of frequent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
	www.ocean.udel.edu /deepsea/level-2/geology/deepsea.html (453 words)

	VOA: A 'typical' ocean basin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The continental shelf is a shallow ledge next to the edge of each continent - Water depth at the edge of the continental shelf varies from about 20 to 500m (60-1500 feet).
		The canyons resemble valleys on land, and are eroded by turbidity current - a heavy mixture of water and sediments that sometimes flow down towards the deep ocean at high speeds.
		The topography of an ocean basin affects the flow around that basin because the water has to move around ridges and fill in trenches.
	www.volvooceanadventure.org /volvooceanadventure/article.php/oz_1_ocb_04_mo.shtml (327 words)

	Plate Tectonics : An Ocean is Born
		This early stage of ocean building is evident in several parts of today’s world, including the Baikal region of southeastern Siberia known as the Basin, and the United States from western Utah to eastern California, an area known to geologists as the Range.
		The Red Sea is a widening ocean basin located where the Arabian Peninsula was severed from Africa long ago by the pulling apart of the African Plate and Arabian Plate.
		As a young ocean widens and matures, the undersea rift develops a ridge of lava mountains on the trailing edge of each plate.
	www.platetectonics.com /book/page_9.asp (299 words)

	Intraplate earthquakes in the southwest Pacific Ocean basin and the seismotectonics of the southern Tasman Sea
		Intraplate earthquakes in the southwest Pacific Ocean basin and the seismotectonics of the southern Tasman Sea
		An examination of 311 intraplate earthquakes in the Australian plate portion of the Pacific Ocean basin reported from 1918 to 1990 reveals that only 113 events are reliably intraplate, with most of the rest relocating to active trenches and transforms.
		Citation: Valenzuela, R., and M. Wysession (1993), Intraplate earthquakes in the southwest Pacific Ocean basin and the seismotectonics of the southern Tasman Sea, Geophys.
	www.agu.org /pubs/crossref/1993/93GL02792.shtml (390 words)

	Ocean Surface Topography from Space-Overview
		If the Earth's surface were 100% ocean, weather would appear in belts and zones (reflecting the structure of the Hadley cells), and the planet might look like some blue-and-white mini-Jupiter.
		But the Earth has continents, and the flow of ocean water is restricted by their presence.
		Like air, moving water is also subject to Coriolis force; thus water confined to an ocean basin tends to circulate in a huge circular gyre, clockwise in the northern hemisphere and counterclockwise in the southern hemisphere.
	topex-www.jpl.nasa.gov /overview/climate-config.html (198 words)

	New Stratigraphic and Palaeogeographic Results from the Palaeozoic and Early Mesozoic of the Middle Pontides (Northern ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The Küre Ridge Unit was split away from the Variscan Sakarya Continent by the opening of the Karakaya oceanic rift basin during latest Permian (Dorashamian) and became a continental splinter between the Karakaya oceanic rift basin and the Küre Ocean (opened during the late Scythian).
		Southward subduction began in the Küre Ocean during the middle Carnian (beginning of the Karadagtepe siliciclastic turbidites), whereas at the northern passive margin the deposition of Hallstatt Limestones continued until the latest Norian.
		At the northern margin of the (Upper Triassic?) Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous Beykoz-Çaglayan turbidite basin (north of the Küre Complex) the accretionary complex of an older ocean, the Late Palaeozoic Paphlagonian Ocean, was exposed that yielded clasts in the Beykoz-Çaglayan turbidite basin.
	www.geologia-croatica.hr /abstract/gc-53-2-01.html (528 words)

	Ocean Basins (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Years of ocean drilling cores have confirmed that the basins are all young.
		The ocean basins have no geologic table which proves they are all new.They are much younger than modern science cares to admit.
		These images are compiled from measurements of the variations in the ocean surface.Gravity effects the water column and reveals details of the basin itself.
	www.kamron.com /mind/ocean.htm (406 words)

	Ocean Basins (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The ocean basins are now visible for all to see thanks to new earth viewing satellite technology.
		The actual final paths of the continental motions are recorded in the ocean basins.
		These grooves and the paths of the continents are now recorded in the frozen ocean basin.
	www.kamron.com /Geology/ocean.htm (448 words)

	Ocean Alliance - www.oceanalliance.org
		The Ocean Alliance encompasses the Whale Conservation Institute and the Voyage of the Odyssey and is dedicated to the conservation of whales and their ocean environment.
		Ocean Alliance founder and president, Dr. Roger Payne has written an open letter to the youth of Japan and has put one of his famous recordings of Humpback whale song on our Voyage of the Odyssey website for anyone to download for free.
		Ocean Alliance President Dr. Roger Payne, CEO Iain Kerr, and Board Co-Chairman Jeff Kunz were presented the 11th Annual Walter B. Gerken Community Service Award by the Pacific Life Foundation this afternoon at a reception held at Pacific Life's headquarters in Newport Beach, CA.
	www.oceanalliance.org (1147 words)

	ntraplate Deformation in the Central Indian Ocean Basin
		A large dimensional deformation and its correlation with global gravity minimum appears to be the near surface manifestation of deep processes in the mantle.
		The ocean bottom seismometers seismic refraction hints at variation in thickness of crust and blocky mosaic structure bottom seismological observations in northern C/B area revealed unusual high microseismicity more than 100 weak earthquakes in ten days with epicentres located predominantly inside to E–W trending blocky mosaic structure.
		The accumulated basin sediments are characterized by denudation of Sri Lanka, Indian Peninsula and the Himalaya.
	www.ias.ac.in /currsci/feb25/articles32.htm (1233 words)

	The Deep Ocean (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		As shown in the illustration below, the ocean floor is divided into three major areas: the continental shelf, the con- tinental slope, and the deep ocean basin.
		The shelf ends at a depth of about 200 meters (660 ft), which is much deeper than the deepest recorded dive of a scuba diver, at 145 meters (475 ft).
		The continental shelf gives way to the steeper continental slope, which descends about 3,700 meters (12,000 ft) to the deep ocean basin.
	www.ocean.udel.edu /extreme2004/geology/deepocean (297 words)

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