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Topic: Ocean escorts

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List of destroyer escorts of the United States Navy

Destroyer escort

United States Navy 1975 ship reclassification

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	Convoy HX 126 Orders to Escorts - warsailors.com
		By night, the ocean escort is free to take station on the quarter of the convoy, if conditions of light or the position of the moon enhance the possibility of attack from a particular direction.
		When local escort is present, the submarine forming part of the ocean escort is to be stationed 3 cables on the beam of the leading ship of one of the wing columns of the convoy.
		The Senior Officer of the escort is to ensure that the convoy does not arrive early at the rendezvous with the inward escort, unless enemy activity necessitates it.
	www.warsailors.com /convoys/hx126escortord.html (3355 words)

	uboat.net - Articles
		Looking at this period from the standpoint of sinking U-boats rather than convoy defence--still the escort's primary task at this stage--reveals that the period of failure from September to December 1942, when the RCN did not sink a U-boat, was in fact the anomaly, not the period of success.
		Thus, despite increasing numbers of Canadian escorts at sea, not to mention the growing U-boat fleet, the RCN had little chance to prove itself during the first half of 1942.
		American escorts, if they had been present in larger numbers at this stage of the Battle of the Atlantic, would have suffered a similar fate to the Canadians: their ships also did not yet have centimetric radar.
	uboat.net /articles/index.html?article=44 (6839 words)

	Civilization.ca - Scholars - Canada and Submarine Warfare, 1909-1950 - 1939-1945 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Because the United States was crticially short of escorts, the RCN took responsibility for the escort of coastal convoys from Boston to Halifax, and ran its own tanker convoys to the Caribbean.
		Excessive commitments and inadequate repair facilities meant that the only way to keep escort groups up to minimum strength was constantly to shift ships between them, making it impossible for the groups to become well-coorindated teams of the kind needed to screen the long perimeter of a convoy at night against an increasingly numerous enemy.
		These were purpose built ocean escorts, larger and faster than the little corvettes that had never been intended for high seas work.
	www.civilization.ca /academ/articles/sart1_5e.html (4218 words)

	Ahoy - Mac's Web Log-The Battle For Convoy ONS 5. 26th.April - 6th. May 1943- (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Once again escorts hunted down the bearing, but to no avail, and Gretton was fearful of a pack attack that night, as air cover was no longer available with Iceland locked in by poor weather.
		The escorts were making the German boats keep their heads down to the benefit of all in the convoy, now at 0130 (1.30 AM) the 4th.
		When the new day dawned, 32 ships of the convoy were together, and their escorts still trying to bring the stragglers back into the fold, gale force winds from the south west, still battering the struggling convoy vessels.
	www.ahoy.tk-jk.net /macslog/TheBattleForConvoyONS5.26.html (9184 words)

	Naval History.CA - Articles - The Return of the Wolf Packs: The Battle for ON 113
		HMS Primrose, the Senior Officer of Escort Group C1, the mid-ocean escort of ONS 112, similarly observed that "The voyage was remarkable for the amount of fog experienced".
		The escort was blissfully unaware of the convoy's peril because Allied intelligence failed to detect the presence of the pack.
		Griffiths, who served briefly as escort commander in Burnham's absence, seconded Taylor's recommendation, "When convoy is in contact with submarines it is considered that the S.O. of escort is in the best position to judge what alterations of course should be made".
	www.familyheritage.ca /Articles/returnofwolfpacks.html (10134 words)

	CB648C Secret Positions for Use by Destroyer Escorts, March 1918
		As soon as a Destroyer Escort has taken over a Convoy in Home Waters or in the Atlantic, this method is to be the only one used by such Escort for communicating or referring to positions when communicating with Ocean Escorts or with the authorities mentioned in para.
		The pamphlet is not intended for use by Destroyers on patrol.
		It is supplied to Ocean Escorts for the sole purpose of rendering intelligible to them any such messages which they may read.
	www.gwpda.org /naval/cb648c.htm (381 words)

	U-boats, Britain, Blitz, Taranto, Raiders
		Radar was urgently needed so the escorts could detect the U-boats, force them to dive and lose their speed advantage, and then hunt them with ASDIC.
		escorting Liverpool-out convoy OL8, was lost in collision with merchantman "Port Fairy" to the west of Ireland.
		Escort limits were only now pushed out to 19ºW. In a series of wolf-pack attacks on lightly-defended Canada/UK convoys, U-boats sank more than 30 ships from SC7 and HX79 between the 17th and 20th, a rate of loss that would soon have brought Britain to her knees.
	www.naval-history.net /WW2RN08-194007-2.htm (3713 words)

	Ocean Waves - Merchant Navy Heritage - The British Convoy System in Two World Wars, and winning the Battle of the ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Britain needed to import across the Atlantic Ocean from North America, a large proportion of the food needed for her population to survive, plus the necessary military supplies destined for the armies fighting in France.
		Thus, outbound convoys were escorted only some 100 miles west of Ireland, the convoy ships sailed in company for the next two days, to scatter, and go it alone to their final destination ports.
		By December 1942, 120 Squadron of Coastal Command operating Liberators out of Northern Ireland, and Iceland, were assisting the convoy ocean escorts to combat the agressive U-Boats, and in general, when air and sea assets were jointly used to protect a convoy, losses were lightest.
	www.royal-navy.org /mnavy/content/view/6/5 (2048 words)

	Ocean escort - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ocean escort was a type of United States Navy warship.
		Ocean Escorts were an evolution of the WWII destroyer escort types.
		Their hull classification symbol was DE, a carryover from WWII era when the vessels were classified as Destroyer Escorts.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ocean_escort (151 words)

	Guardian \| Rear Admiral Desmond Piers
		The disaster that befell a transatlantic convoy in mid-ocean in November 1942 was unjustly blamed on the senior officer of its Canadian naval escort, the then Lieutenant Commander Desmond Piers, who has died aged 92 - but he was still awarded the DSC for his convoy work just a few months later.
		Local escorts were provided at either end of the voyage, but the main burden of protection was borne by the mid-ocean escort, for which task in late 1942 Canada provided four groups.
		Piers was captain of the destroyer HMCS Restigouche and simultaneously the senior officer, escort (SOE) of group C4, which also included six corvettes.
	www.guardian.co.uk /print/0,,5338491-111784,00.html (609 words)

	United States Navy 1975 ship reclassification - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The task force escorts were cruisers (CL/CLG/CG), frigates or destroyer-leaders (DL/DLG), and destroyers (DD/DDG); the convoy escorts were ocean escorts (DE/DEG), often known as destroyer escorts.
		The ocean escort type corresponded to foreign frigates (convoy escorts).
		The ocean escorts (DE/DEG) and patrol frigates (PF) became frigates (FF/FFG).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/United_States_Navy_1975_ship_reclassification (693 words)

	[No title]
		The OH Perry Frigates were/are still 4,000ton ocean escorts that are now being reserved, retired, sold or "Lost in translation." Their ostensible replacement is a 2,500-3,000 ton LCS.
		In fact it is a far better escort vessel than most Vietnam era escort vessels (I served on one).
		The massive Cold War fleet of 2nd class escorts was, for example, a response to the need to protect troop and supply convoys crossing the Atlantic to reinforce Europe from Soviet submarines.
	www.strategypage.com /messageboards/messages/8-9270.asp (3026 words)

	Atlantic, Battle, WW2, U-boats, Hood, Bismarck, convoys, HX, radar
		She operated in the Pacific and Indian Oceans until returning to Germany in November 1941, the last of the first wave of surface raiders to leave Germany.
		The escort had been reinforced to a total of 13 ships as a result of 'Ultra' intercepts of Enigma codes.
		Escort was provided by the British B6 group composed largely of Norwegian-manned corvettes.
	www.naval-history.net /WW2CampaignsAtlanticBattles.htm (6644 words)

	USN Ship Designations
		Escort Aircraft Carriers were originally designated AVG (Escort Carrier, Auxiliary) on 31 March 1941, with the USS Long Beach AVG-1 being the first ship so commissioned on 2 June 1941.
		One Fleet Escort destroyer USS Saufley (DDE-465) was reclassified as an Experimental Escort Destroyer (EDDE) on 1 January 1951 and then used as a test bed during the 1950s for sonar and ASW experiments.
		It is sometimes stated that "DE" meant "Ocean Escorts" for those convoy escorts of the 1950s-1970s starting with the USS Dealey (DE-1006) class and ending with the USS Knox (DE-1052) class, but this does not appear to have ever been made a formal designation.
	www.navweaps.com /index_tech/index_ships_list.htm (4001 words)

	Amazon.ca: Ocean's Eleven (2001) (Widescreen): DVD: Steven Soderbergh,Don Cheadle,George Clooney,Holly Marie Combs,Matt ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Ocean's Eleven improves on 1960's Rat Pack caper original with supernova casting, a slickly updated plot, and Steven Soderbergh's graceful touch behind the camera.
		Ocean's Eleven is a hodgepodge of some of the director's pet influences: the deft multi-character juggling of Robert Altman, the just-the-facts policier technique of Jules Dassin or Francois Truffaut, and even some of the high-gloss pyrotechnics of David Fincher or John McTiernan.
		Ocean's Eleven doesn't pretend to be a real movie, and that's what's so fun about it.
	www.amazon.ca /Oceans-Eleven-Widescreen-Steven-Soderbergh/dp/B000062XHI (1869 words)

	US Navy in Derry
		As a young destroyer escort sailor, Martin Davis sailed on the USS Petit to Derry (The official US Navy designation for the city was Londonderry, and the sailors called it both that and Derry).
		As part of the agreement, the US placed an order in early 1941 for fifty destroyer escorts, a newly designed ship that was a third of the cost of fleet destroyers, took much less time to construct and yet had the same escort and anti-submarine capabilities.
		The escorts were relieved of their charges and proceeded to anchor in Lough Foyle, off Moville in the Irish Sea.
	www.irelandseye.com /aarticles/history/events/worldwar/usnavy1.shtm (752 words)

	Naval History.CA - Articles - Victory in the North Atlantic
		It is well to remember that only eight escorts were present when most of the merchant ships were lost and things might have been much different had the convoy had to transit the air cover gap for several nights far from surface reinforcement.
		The steady growth of U-boat strength did not have the same impact as the increase in the numbers of surface and air escorts because of the dynamics of convoy battles and wolf pack tactics.
		An escort of ten to twelve warships including several destroyers or frigates and strong air cover was much less susceptible to this kind of disorder.
	www.familyheritage.ca /Articles/victory1943.html (4136 words)

	Salute to a solo sailor
		SEPTEMBER 23: The Portland Fire Boat escorts the Ocean Planet out of the harbor as the sloop heads for France and the Vendee Globe race.
		Schooners, sloops, motorboats and a ferry filled with children appeared on the horizon as the bow of Ocean Planet finally grew steady, leaving behind 3-foot waves in the Gulf of Maine.
		Frenchwoman Aline Galvez of San Francisco, who volunteered as the Ocean Planet's European media spokeswoman, said the American public and media are not as interested in sailing as are their counterparts in Spain, Italy, Belgium, Germany and, of course, France.
	outdoors.mainetoday.com /sailing/050604schwab.shtml (1176 words)

	sci.military.naval FAQ, Part F - Surface Combatants
		Escort Carrier (CVE) Small, slower, generally mass-produced carrier intended as a convoy escort, particularly ASW escort.
		The task force escorts were Cruisers (CLG/CG), Frigates (DL/DLG), and Destroyers (DD/DDG); the convoy escorts were Ocean Escorts (DE/DEG), often known as destroyer escorts.
		In addtion, in the early 1970's there was a new group of ocean escort-type vessels being built with Patrol Frigate (PF) classifications.
	www.hazegray.org /faq/smn6.htm (7956 words)

	Document Title
		Initially, trawlers, yachts and other types of crafts were converted for escort service, and they did not prove to be effective in protecting the convoys.
		As part of the agreement the U.S. placed an order in early 1941 for fifty Destroyer Escorts, a specially designed ship that was a third of the cost of fleet destroyers, would take much less time to construct and yet have the same escort and anti-submarine capabilities.
		Of the 1005 escorts ordered during the course of the war, only 563 were built.
	www.ussmills.com /mills_htm/mills_hist.asp (764 words)

	MAPLE LEAF TRIBUTE To An Extinct Navy Sea Classics - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The earliest days of WWII were confused at the very least, but one truism was the immediate need for ocean escorts, minesweepers, patrol boats and, above all, antisubmarine warfare craft to combat what was anticipated as the most violent and tortuous aspect of the upcoming Battle of the Atlantic.
		It took time to bring the requisite number of escorts into the fight and that meant that existing escorts had to perform double and triple duty.
		It was not an agreeable way to sail the ocean blue, and after a run convoy was brought in, the escort crews were fatigued, bruised and generally exhausted.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa4442/is_200511/ai_n16059168 (984 words)

	Plan "BCR"
		In all convoys, the convoy will be in charge of the officer designated as convoy commander either in the ocean escort or one of the ships of the convoy, and never in charge of the commanding officer of the accompanying battleship ro armored cruiser acting as BCR escort.
		Battleships and armored cruisers acting as BCR escort will be given orders to proceed as far as fuel permits or until met by the eastern escort, but not past longitude 15 degrees West, unless necessity to protect the convoy against a raid exists.
		When, however, the Armoured Cruiser is acting as the Ocean Escort and in charge of the convoy, she will, under normal conditions and also when met by a Dreadnought Battleship, continue with the convoy as at present.
	www.gwpda.org /naval/planbcr.htm (2345 words)

	Frank Knox-->FDR-3/20/41 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The conference in the Navy Department has reached agreement that the protection of shipping in the Atlantic, bound to and from the United Kingdom, would be most effectively accomplished as indicated herein.
		Protection would be afforded by escorting all convoys; and by tracking down surface raiders in the open sea by patrols and striking forces.
		The United States, under this plan, vould do the following: (a) Provide ocean escorts consisting of a battleship or a cruiser and two destroyers, from Halifax to a point in about Latitude 60[deg] North, Longitude 30[deg] West.
	www.fdrlibrary.marist.edu:8000 /psf/box4/t46k01.html (275 words)

	USS Garcia DE-1040 Ocean Escorts and FF-1040 Fast Frigates
		They were originally designated as Ocean Escorts with their classification being changed in 1975 to FF or Fast Frigate to further clarify and redefine their role with the Fleet.
		United States Navy Garcia Class Escort Destroyer also known as Ocean Escorts and Fast Frigate version models are built by professional Master Model Builders with more than 35 years experience.
		All ten of the Garcia Class Destroyer Escorts and Fast Frigates are available in a multitude of configurations and sizes.
	thatravenmagic.com /garcia.html (458 words)

	Tour guides and escorts in Monmouth-Ocean, NJ: Employment information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Every year U.S. Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics releases employment and wage figures.
		In 2004, Tour guides and escorts in Monmouth-Ocean, NJ earned an average of $8.59 per hour and an average annual salary of $17,880.
		The BLS estimates that in Monmouth-Ocean, NJ there were around 40 employed in the field of Tour guides and escorts.
	books.mongabay.com /employment/NJ/NJ_Monmouth-Ocean_39-6021.html (86 words)

	Jean-Michel Cousteau : Ocean Adventures . About Voyage to Kure \| PBS
		Using the latest diving, filmmaking and communication technology, they are truly modern-day explorers.
		But the same ocean currents that bring trash from all over the world to these islands also nourish these exceptional seascapes of abundant diversity and beauty.
		"A place where the ancient ocean lives on, where great hunters still roam wild reefs, where great ocean travelers settle to raise their young.
	www.pbs.org /kqed/oceanadventures/episodes/kure/about.html (2041 words)

	escorts - Evolutive.it
		Escorts, Escort Reviews, Escort Services www.helenscollectionjust for her.
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		Being nice and competent and having good organisationalskills are essential to be a clever escort.
	www.evolutive.it /search.asp?q=escorts (406 words)

	Flower Class Corvette HMCS Sackville (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The dire lack of ocean escorts early in the war necessitated their being used to screen convoys traversing the North Atlantic between Nova Scotia and the UK.
		But any escort was better than none at all, so the yards continued to turn out Corvettes.
		During periodic refits she was altered -as were all corvettes- in an attempt to make her both more habitable and a more capable anti-submarine escort.
	www.steelnavy.com /Sackville.htm (603 words)

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