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Topic: Ocean floor

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	Ocean Regions: Ocean Floor - Continental Margin & Rise
		Ocean Regions: Ocean Floor - Continental Margin and Rise
		Surrounding nearly all continents is a shallow extension of that landmass known as the continental shelf.
		This shelf is relatively shallow, tens of meters deep compared to the thousands of meters deep in the open ocean, and extends outward to the continental slope where the deep ocean truly begins.
	www.onr.navy.mil /focus/ocean/regions/oceanfloor2.htm (273 words)

	ocean. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Continents and ocean basins tend to be antipodal, or diametrically opposed to one another, i.e., continents are found on the opposite side of the earth from ocean basins.
		Ocean water itself could prove to be a limitless source of energy in the event that nuclear fusion reactors are developed, since the oceans contain great quantities of deuterium.
		Ocean pollution, meantime, has escalated dramatically as those who use the oceans for recreational and commercial purposes, as well as those who live nearby, have disposed of more and more wastes there (see water pollution).
	www.bartleby.com /65/oc/ocean.html (3087 words)

	The mechanism behind Plate Tectonics
		The ocean floors are continually, moving, spreading from the center, sinking at the edges, and being regenerated.
		Scientists also began to realize that the youngest regions of the ocean floor were along the mid-oceanic ridges, and that the age of the ocean floor increased as the distance from the ridges increased.
		As the ocean floor is spread apart cracks appear in the middle of the ridges allowing molten magma to surface through the cracks to form the newest ocean floor.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /geology/tecmech.html (874 words)

	Why is the Ocean Salty? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Ocean water is indeed a complex solution of mineral salts and of decayed biologic matter that results from the teeming life in the seas.
		Most of the ocean's salts were derived from gradual processes such the breaking up of the cooled igneous rocks of the Earth's crust by weathering and erosion, the wearing down of mountains, and the dissolving action of rains and streams which transported their mineral washings to the sea.
		Inasmuch as the oceans receive most of their water from the rivers, the ratios (as distinguished from the total amounts) of different chemical constituents should be about the same in both regardless of total salt content.
	www.palomar.edu /oceanography/salty_ocean.htm (3171 words)

	Ocean Floor Teacher Resources On the World Wide Web
		First, let's define the distinct areas of the ocean floor (continental shelves, slopes, and rises; ocean basins), then let's look at the general depth zones of the ocean (surface, pycnocline, and deep waters).
		Among the new findings was the discovery of zebra stripe-like magnetic patterns for the rocks of the ocean floor.
		The ocean floor is home to many unique communities of plants and animals.
	www.stemnet.nf.ca /CITE/oceanfloor.htm (904 words)

	Oceans Alive! \| The Water Planet \| Physical Features of the Ocean
		In the centers of some ocean ridges are long rift valleys, where Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions are common.
		In order to make maps of the ocean floor, the depth of the ocean must be known in many places.
		The cores of mud and rock brought back by deep-sea drilling ships vary greatly in age, but no deposits from the ocean floor seem to be more than about 200 million years old.
	www.mos.org /oceans/planet/features.html (614 words)

	Global Prediction - Title (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Currents and tides are controlled by the overall shapes of the ocean basins as well as the smaller sharp ocean ridges and seamounts.
		Because erosion rates are low in the deep oceans, detailed bathymetry reveals the mantle convection patterns, the plate boundaries, the cooling/subsidence of the oceanic lithosphere, the oceanic plateaus, and the distribution of off-ridge volcanoes.
		Because erosion and sedimentation rates are low in the deep oceans, detailed bathymetry reveals the mantle convection patterns, the plate boundaries, the cooling/subsidence of the oceanic lithosphere, the oceanic plateaus, and the distribution of off-ridge volcanoes.
	topex.ucsd.edu /marine_topo/text/topo.html (1783 words)

	Ocean Floor (from Pacific Ocean) -- Britannica Student Encyclopedia
		county, east-central New Jersey, U.S., bounded by the Metedeconk River to the north, the Manasquan River to the northeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the east.
		With an area of about 64 million square miles (166 million square kilometers), it is twice the size of the Atlantic Ocean and occupies nearly a third of the surface of the Earth—more than the area of all the...
		This region encompasses the coast of the Pacific Ocean and ranges from tropical islands to the freezing temperatures.
	www.britannica.com /ebi/article-206016?ct= (873 words)

	Digital agegrid of the ocean floor/Digital isochrons of the world's ocean floor/A global isochron chart (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Ages for ocean floor between the oldest identified magnetic anomalies and continental crust were interpolated by estimating the ages of passive continental margin segments from geological data and published plate models.
		The age of the ocean floor is an important parameter in the study of plate tectonic processes.
		Handschumacher, D.W., 1976, Post-Eocene plate tectonics of the Eastern Pacific, in The Geophysics of the Pacific Ocean Basin and its Margins, in The Geophysics of the Pacific Ocean Basin and its Margins, AGU Monograph 19, ed.G.H.Sutton, et al., Washington: AGU, pp.
	www.geosci.usyd.edu.au /research/marinegeophysics/Resprojects/Agegrid/digit_isochrons.html (6012 words)

	Hydrothermal Vents
		In some areas along the Mid-Ocean Ridge, the gigantic plates that form the Earth’s crust are moving apart, creating cracks and crevices in the ocean floor.
		As the water is heated, it rises and seeks a path back out into the ocean through an opening in the seafloor.
		As the vent water bursts out into the ocean, its temperature may be as high as 400°C (750°F).
	www.ocean.udel.edu /deepsea/level-2/geology/vents.html (617 words)

	Ocean Regions: Ocean Floor - Characteristics
		Well, if you're standing on the shore watching the sandy beach disappear beneath the waves, you may think that it is probably like a big sandy desert.
		The ocean floor is as varied and irregular as the land we can see.
		It has mountains and plains and valleys and ridges and volcanoes and just about any other land feature you could name.
	www.onr.navy.mil /focus/ocean/regions/oceanfloor1.htm (85 words)

	Deepest Ocean - Challenger Deep
		When you get into the ocean (or any body of water) and you start diving down from the surface, the deeper you dive the more water is over the top of you.
		The more gallons of water you put between you and the surface of the ocean, the greater the pressure is on your body because of the weight of the water over the top of you.
		The echo sounder measures precisely how long it takes for the sound waves to be returned to the surface and determines the depth based on the rate of return.
	www.extremescience.com /DeepestOcean.htm (643 words)

	Silly Billy's World, Lesson Plans, Ocean Topics
		Have a corner of your classroom and or bulletin board decorated with ocean murals, posters, children's books, shells, treasure chests etc. Provide a display area for students to share their projects.
		This is a great time to read Joanna Coles' "Magic School Bus, On the Ocean Floor" and/or any book that tells about animals or ocean life as viewed from the portholes of a submarine.
		An Alternative activity is to have each student write a sentence or two telling how he or she plans to cooperate with classmates for a smooth school year.
	www.sillybilly.com /ocean.html (1194 words)

	Oceans Field Trip
		In fact, there is one tremendous global ocean which is categorized into regions or "sub oceans".
		Oceans cover 70% of the earth's surface and hold 97% of the water on our planet Earth.Of the remaining water, less than 1% is fresh.
		One of the more recent, and fascinating discoveries was the finding of life in thermal vents, fractures in the ocean floor.
	www.field-trips.org /sci/oceank/index.htm (187 words)

	Exploraquarium Biological FAQ
		This is a tricky question, partly because the word "highest" can have several definitions in the context of ocean floor geology, and partly because of the complexity of seafloor spreading processes.
		Tiny shrimp-like creatures, worms, sea cucumbers and fish live at the bottom of all oceans, and animals such as tube worms, sea anemones, rays, octopi, certain deep-sea fish and giant crabs are unique to hydrothermal vents areas on volcanoes.
		Now fill up the low areas (ocean floor) with a bunch of sea water and energize the surface of the resultant seas with lots of wind.
	www.ocean.washington.edu /people/grads/scottv/exploraquarium/faq/geo.html (2797 words)

	Ocean: Hydrothermal
		The deep ocean floor was long thought to be a relatively sterile environment, inhabited at best by only scavenger lifeforms that led a minimalistic subsistence feeding off the organic detritus coming from the thriving "organic" layer.
		Life on the bottom of the oceans is actually well protected from variability on the surface of the Earth.
		The ship was loaded with a multitude of sampling, sensing and photographic instruments, some of which are being left behind at the summit of the Axial Volcano, 240 miles off the coast of Oregon, to continue their work for the next year.
	www.resa.net /nasa/ocean_hydrothermal.htm (3120 words)

	Oceans Alive! \| Life in the Sea \| Life Near the Surface
		There are two general types of plants found in the ocean, those having roots that are attached to the ocean bottom and those not having roots which simply drift about with the water.
		The rooted plants in the ocean are only found in shallow water because there is not enough sunlight to sustain photosynthesis in deeper waters.
		Some of these creatures, such as lobsters and snails, may be able to move about on the bottom but their lifestyle is so bound up with the ocean floor that they are unable to survive away from this environment.
	www.mos.org /oceans/life/surface.html (676 words)

	Careers in Oceanography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Oceanography is a multidisciplinary science concerned with knowledge of the oceans and improvements in technology based on such knowledge.
		The physical oceanographer studies the physical properties of the ocean and the relationship between the sea and the atmosphere.
		Because oceanography is the study of the ocean, most oceanographers spend a great deal of time at sea.
	pao.cnmoc.navy.mil /PAO/Educate/career-o.htm (933 words)

	97.06.07: The Ocean: A Watery World
		The oceans of the world will be understood as a necessary element for the existence of all life forms and will also be studied as source of continual recreation and pleasure.
		As the children learn the importance of the ocean and its influence on everyday life, it will be a catalyst to the introduction of the social aspects of the school curriculum, that of individual responsibility for the welfare of the oceans and also the vital and basic skill of sharing.
		The waves and currents of the ocean are instrumental in sculpturing the cliffs and beaches of the coastal areas.
	www.yale.edu /ynhti/curriculum/units/1997/6/97.06.07.x.html (7664 words)

	Museums in the Classroom Ocean Project
		ocean currents-large areas of moving water which carry water from one part of the world to another; some are near the surface of the oceans, and some are very deep
		Ninety-seven percent of all the water on the Earth is in the oceans.
		The Arctic is the smallest ocean and the shallowest.
	www.chias.org /www/edu/mitc/wkshp/ocean/oceans.html (2718 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		It is not all inclusive and does not represent all that is available for classroom instruction where oceans and undersea life are concerned.
		Divide the school or class into four sections and assign one of the four oceans, Arctic, Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific, as a research project or thematic unit.
		Oceans - By The Sea Oceans - Of The Sea Oceans - On The Sea Oceans - In The Sea
	www.libsci.sc.edu /miller/ocean.htm (3477 words)

	The Ocean Page--Physical
		Billions of years ago when the earth was just forming, there were no oceans; the planet was much hotter than today as matter came together to form the original planet.
		Currents are created by a combination of forces-- the rotation of the earth on its axis, the heating of surface water due to solar radiation, and density differences in seawater at the surface compared to deeper water.
		Ocean currents also occur vertically-- water moves up from deeper regions to the surface, due in part to surface currents and wind circulation.
	www.uga.edu /lea/allies/physical.html (961 words)

	Oregon State Daily Barometer Online - "Deepsea Dawn" maps the ocean floor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		While in high school, Wright discovered that she would need to get a general degree in one of the sciences, then attend a graduate school in a specific area of science.
		The distribution of cracks in the ocean's volcanic rock is especially interesting to Wright.
		The 21-foot long submersible transports one pilot and two scientists 1 1/2 to 2 miles deep to reach the ocean floor.
	barometer.orst.edu /vnews/display.v/ART/2004/01/14/4005756894648?in_ar... (747 words)

	Core Knowledge - Lesson Plans
		Discuss how oceans and lakes are both water but we can’t drink ocean water because it’s too salty.
		This song is to the tune of "My Bonnie Lies over the Ocean." As the students sing, one person is it and walks around the circle tapping each child on the head.
		Relate to students that not all creatures in the sea are fish, and they all live at different levels in the ocean.
	www.coreknowledge.org /CKproto2/resrcs/lessons/PreK98Oceans.htm (2030 words)

	Twilight Ocean (Disphotic) Zone - EnchantedLearning.com
		This barely-lit ocean layer is called the twilight zone or the disphotic zone (disphotic means "poorly lit" in Greek) or the mesopelagic zone (mesopelagic means "middle sea").
		The horseshoe crab is a hard-shelled animal that lives in warm coastal waters on the sea floor.
		Scallops are bivalves, shelled animals that live on the ocean floor.
	www.enchantedlearning.com /biomes/ocean/twilight (1253 words)

	CIA - The World Factbook -- Pacific Ocean (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the world's five oceans (followed by the Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Southern Ocean, and Arctic Ocean).
		The decision by the International Hydrographic Organization in the spring of 2000 to delimit a fifth ocean, the Southern Ocean, removed the portion of the Pacific Ocean south of 60 degrees south.
		The Pacific Ocean is a major contributor to the world economy and particularly to those nations its waters directly touch.
	www.cia.gov /cia/publications/factbook/geos/zn.html (417 words)

	How We Study the Ocean
		The study of the ocean, oceanography, is a daunting task.
		Biological Sciences -- the study of the life in the ocean, from the smallest single-celled organism to the largest fish.
		What makes the COOLroom approach to studying the ocean so unique is that it unites all these bodies of knowledge under one roof, creating a three-dimensional view of the sea that provides scientists with an opportunity to see how the physical and biological components of the ocean interact and affect each other over time.
	www.coolclassroom.org /whats_cool/howwestudy.html (235 words)

	The Ocean Floor - Science:: Lesson Plan, Activity, or Teaching Idea from A to Z Teacher Stuff
		Students are instructed to draw a quick plan of an ocean floor as seen from the side; including the edge of a continent, a continental shelf, a continental slope, a basin, a trench, and a range.
		When the plan is checked and they can properly identify each part, the groups set out to create the ocean floor in their shoebox with paper maché.
		When this is done, they should turn their graph upside down and label the parts of the ocean floor appropriately.
	www.atozteacherstuff.com /lessons/ocean.shtml (499 words)

	Nature Works- Plankton (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Zooplankton are ocean animals that don't swim at all or are very weak swimmers, and they drift or move with ocean currents.
		When foraminifera die, their shells sink to the ocean floor and form an ooze.
		It is estimated that 30 percent of the ocean floor is made of the shells of foraminifera.
	www.nhptv.org /natureworks/nwep6d.htm (694 words)

	The Ocean Floor - Science:: Lesson Plan, Activity, or Teaching Idea from A to Z Teacher Stuff
		Students are instructed to draw a quick plan of an ocean floor as seen from the side; including the edge of a continent, a continental shelf, a continental slope, a basin, a trench, and a range.
		When the plan is checked and they can properly identify each part, the groups set out to create the ocean floor in their shoebox with paper maché.
		When this is done, they should turn their graph upside down and label the parts of the ocean floor appropriately.
	atozteacherstuff.com /lessons/ocean.shtml (515 words)

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