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Topic: Oceanic climate

Related Topics

Climate

Continental climate

Subtropical climate

Subarctic climate

Polar climate

Mediterranean climate

Temperate climate

Alpine climate

Tropical climate

Climate of Antarctica

Desert climate

Steppe

Decline and Fall

Species

Mediterranean Sea

	Continental climate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A continental climate is the climate typical of the middle-latitude interiors of the large continents of the [Northern Hemisphere] in the zone of westerly winds; similar climates exist along the east coasts and southwest coasts of the same continents, and also at higher elevations in certain other parts of the world.
		This climate is characterized by winter temperatures cold enough to support a fixed period of stable snow cover each year, and relatively moderate precipitation occurring mostly in summer, although east coast areas (chiefly in North America) may show an even distribution of precipitation.
		In Europe these climates may grade off into oceanic climates in which the influence of moderating air masses is more marked toward the west.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Continental_climate (436 words)

	Oceanic climate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An oceanic climate (also called marine west coast climate and maritime climate) is the climate typically found along the west coasts at the middle latitudes of all the world's continents, and in southeastern Australia; similar climates are also found at coastal tropical highlands and tropical coasts on leeward sides of mountain ranges.
		Oceanic climates are characterized by a narrower annual range of temperatures than are encountered in other places at a comparable latitude, and differ from Mediterranean climates in that significant amounts of precipitation are received in summer.
		Overall temperature characteristics vary among oceanic climates; those at the lowest latitudes are subtropical from a thermal standpoint, but more commonly a mesothermal regime prevails, with cool, but not cold, winters and warm, but not hot, summers.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Oceanic_climate (480 words)

	Climate - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		Climate in a narrow sense is usually defined as the “average weather”, or more rigorously, as the statistical description in terms of the mean and variability of relevant quantities over a period of time ranging from months to thousands or millions of years.
		When the original conception of climate as a long-term average came to be considered, perhaps towards the end of the 19th century, the idea of climate change was not current, and a 30 year average seemed reasonable (but see note 1).
		Climate indices are generally identified or devised with the twin objectives of simplicity and completeness, and each typically represents the status and timing of the climate factor they represent.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/c/l/i/Climate.html (828 words)

	France CLIMATE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The oceanic climate, prevailing in the western parts of the country, is one of small temperature range, ample rainfall, cool summers, and cool but seldom very cold winters.
		The continental (transition) type of climate, found over much of eastern and central France, adjoining its long common boundary with west-central Europe, is characterized by warmer summers and colder winters than areas farther west; rainfall is ample, and winters tend to be snowy, especially in the higher areas.
		The Mediterranean climate, widespread throughout the south of France (except in the mountainous southwest), is one of cool winters, hot summers, and limited rainfall.
	www.nationsencyclopedia.com /Europe/France-CLIMATE.html (186 words)

	David Noone Class Information
		Discusses the Earth's climate for nonscience majors, focusing on the role of the atmosphere, oceans, and land surface.
		Climate varies on all time scales and is known to experience periods of glaciation as well as warmer periods.
		While the physical underpinnings of climate models are well understood and based on well established physics, the use (and abuse) of climate models in climate science, policy and the media is often shrouded is a veil of skepticism.
	atoc.colorado.edu /~dcn/classes.php (765 words)

	WHOI : Oceanus : Computer Modelers Stimulate Real and Potential Climate, Work Toward Prediction
		The change in oceanic conditions associated with ENSO is usually accompanied by atmospheric shifts, and together these phenomena lead to droughts in some parts of the world and flooding in others.
		Another climate variation, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), a shift of atmospheric pressure fields between Iceland (65°N) and the Azores (40°N) on decadal time scales, is known to change weather conditions in Europe and North America (see NAO inset in Clara Deser's article).
		Climate prediction models must prove they can describe observed climate evolutions in the past before they can be trusted for future predictions.
	www.whoi.edu /oceanus/viewArticle.do?id=2324 (1909 words)

	NCDC: Global Warming
		Many natural phenomena are climate dependent (such as the growth rate of a tree for example), and as such, provide natural 'archives' of climate information.
		Large and rapid climatic changes affecting the atmospheric and oceanic circulation and temperature, and the hydrological cycle, occurred during the last ice age and during the transition towards the present Holocene period (which began about 10,000 years ago).
		Climate models are constantly improving based on both our understanding and the increase in computer power, though by definition, a computer model is a simplification and simulation of reality, meaning that it is an approximation of the climate system.
	www.ncdc.noaa.gov /oa/climate/globalwarming.html (3119 words)

	Climate - Land and Resources - France - Europe
		The climate of France is generally temperate with three major variations: oceanic, continental, and Mediterranean.
		The climate of any particular region of the country is largely determined by the dominant of these three influences in the region, although elevation and other local conditions are also important.
		The oceanic climate prevails throughout much of the country, especially in the north and west, where westerly winds from the Atlantic Ocean bring mild and moist conditions.
	www.countriesquest.com /europe/france/land_and_resources/climate.htm (493 words)

	Global Warming: Limitations of General Circulation Models and Costs of Modeling Efforts
		To improve predictions of the future climate, modelers are also striving to couple, and to some degree have coupled, (1) the land surface to the atmosphere and (2) the Antarctic sea ice to both the ocean and the atmosphere.
		Oceanic models have also simulated the general circulation of the ocean, including the patterns of the principal currents.
		This research--through which models of the global climate are improved, tested, and, in some cases, used to project the future climate and the ways it may change--can be grouped into two broad areas: modeling to predict changes in climate that may occur over decades and centuries, and modeling to simulate the current climate.
	www.globalsecurity.org /space/library/report/gao/rce95164.htm (5910 words)

	Carbon Balance and Management \| Full text \| Projected climate change impact on oceanic acidification (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Ocean warming or circulation alterations induced by climate change has the potential to slowdown the rate of acidification of ocean waters by decreasing the amount of CO uptake by the ocean [2].
		With climate change, we project by 2100 that the surface ocean DIC concentration is 18% less than the control experiment (reduction in DIC growth from 135 μmol/kg to 110 μmol/kg; see Figure 1c).
		This insensitivity to climate change occurs because the decrease in pH due to warming is nearly equal to but opposite in magnitude to the pH increase associated with reduced growth of DIC concentration in the upper ocean caused by reduced solubility of CO with ocean warming (Figure 2).
	www.cbmjournal.com /content/1/1/2 (2363 words)

	NOAA/AOML State of the Ocean - Background & FAQ
		Climate applications are presented along with an explanation of how the observing system needs to be enhanced to improve ocean analysis and reduce present uncertainties.
		Thus to meet NOAA Climate Goal objectives it is critical to have in place a global observing system that can be used to forecast, nowcast, hindcast, attribute, and detect oceanic climate change at these time scales as well as to provide data to initialize, calibrate and validate oceanic forecast models.
		Oceanic meridional heat flux is a critical element of the earth's climate system as it contributes to balancing the global air-sea energy budget.
	www.aoml.noaa.gov /phod/soto/faq.php (1773 words)

	Climate: The Oceanic CO2 Puzzle
		For years, climate scientists and oceanographers have been struggling to figure out the relationship of carbon dioxide in the oceans to the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere.
		Unlike the current climate situation, where CO2 buildup in the atmosphere is forcing changes in the climate, in the past the situation was probably reversed - CO2 concentrations were determined by temperature changes.
		Climate is a weekly series examining the potential human impact on global climate change, by veteran environmental reporter Dan Whipple.
	www.terradaily.com /news/climate-05zq.html (1220 words)

	DMS and Climate
		Assess the importance of oceanic DMS emissions to the tropospheric sulfur burden and the formation and growth of atmospheric aerosol particles.
		Oceanic dimethylsulfide (DMS) is the major natural source of sulfur to the atmosphere and contributes both to the tropospheric sulfur burden and to particle formation and growth in the atmosphere.
		Evidence for the climatic significance of DMS emissions continues to grow, linking regions (periods) of high DMS emissions with regions (periods) of high particle concentration and enhanced cloud albedo.
	saga.pmel.noaa.gov /review/dms_climate.html (415 words)

	Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis
		There are also long records of surface oceanic observations made from ships since the mid-19th century and by dedicated buoys since about the late 1970s.
		Sub-surface oceanic temperature measurements with near global coverage are now available from the late 1940s.
		This Section places particular emphasis on current knowledge of past changes in key climate variables: temperature, precipitation and atmospheric moisture, snow cover, extent of land and sea ice, sea level, patterns in atmospheric and oceanic circulation, extreme weather and climate events, and overall features of the climate variability.
	www.grida.no /climate/ipcc_tar/wg1/012.htm (1921 words)

	WHOI : Ocean and Climate Change Institute : Abrupt Climate Change: Should We Be Worried? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Most of the studies and debates on potential climate change, along with its ecological and economic impacts, have focused on the ongoing buildup of industrial greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and a gradual increase in global temperatures.
		These disruptions may be exacerbated because the climate changes occur in a direction opposite to what is commonly expected, and they occur at a pace that makes adaptation difficult.
		Thus, the climate of the North Atlantic region may rapidly return to one that more resembles today’s—even as other parts of the world, particularly less-developed regions, experience the unmitigated brunt of global warming.
	www.whoi.edu /institutes/occi/viewArticle.do?id=9986 (3725 words)

	Atlas: Oceanic climate variability at millennial and orbital time scales : Latitudinal versus longitudinal climate ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		However the oceanic link fails to take into account the observation that climate variability on millennial time scales also appears in equatorial and sub-tropical latitudes of the Pacific and the Indian oceans, showing various response in amplitude of the climate signal.
		Moreover, recent climate studies based on ENSO climate variability have suggested possible inter-basin climate connections, which involve the tropical areas as possible trigger for climate changes in the northern latitudes through changes in the hydrologic cycle.
		Considering the state of knowledge about interhemispheric climate links and tropical climate variability, various climate records (based on marine sediments) from sub-tropical areas are reported in order to see what can be learned about latitudinal and longitudinal climate connections associated with rapid climate changes of the last glacial period.
	atlas-conferences.com /cgi-bin/abstract/cahr-28 (497 words)

	NOAA Home Page - Climate Portal
		Seasonal Climate Forecast Guidance (Experimental) — a tool for forecasters and researchers to assess the impact of climate forecasts on forecasts of temperature and precipitation.
		Climate Products Interactive Plotting and Analysis Tool — NOAA provides public access to a number of climate data sets maintained for research purposes through this interactive, Web-based plotting and analysis tool.
		Climate Services Division at the NOAA National Weather Service provides the strategic vision for climate services and oversees the NWS climate services program.
	www.noaa.gov /climate.html (779 words)

	The Open Door Web Site : Biology : Weather and Climate
		The term that scientists use to explain the long-term patterns of temperature, humidity and amount of sunshine is climate.
		In arid climates, it rains (or snows) only a few times a year.
		For example, the only place where snow can be found in France in July and August is high up in the mountains either in the Alps or in the Pyrenees.
	www.saburchill.com /chapters/chap0050.html (373 words)

	Sergey Kravtsov
		Understanding and quantifying natural climate variability is important, among other things, for properly assessing the magnitude of anthropogenic climate change.
		For a longer time scale climate behavior, oceanic processes are bound to play an important role due, in part, to ocean’s large inertia and enormous capacity to store heat and carbon dioxide.
		If certain climate modes are dominated by a low number of degrees of freedom, they may be partially predictable.
	www.uwm.edu /~kravtsov/research/index.html (567 words)

	EO News: Climate Change Will Affect Carbon Sequestration in Oceans, Scientists Say - December 3, 2002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Indeed, estimating the impact of carbon injection is complicated because of a limited understanding of climate and oceanic carbon cycle feedback mechanisms.
		To investigate the possible effects of feedbacks between global climate change, the ocean carbon cycle and oceanic carbon sequestration, Jain and graduate student Long Cao developed an atmosphere-ocean, climate-carbon cycle model of intermediate complexity.
		Future climate change could affect both the uptake of carbon dioxide in the ocean basins and the ocean circulation patterns themselves, Jain said.
	earthobservatory.nasa.gov /Newsroom/MediaAlerts/2002/2002120310966.html (614 words)

	New graduate curriculum of the Department of Meteorology
		The AOSC courses are structured into three areas: Dynamics of the Atmosphere and Oceans, Chemistry and Physics of the Atmosphere, and Climate and Earth Sciences. We recommend to the students that during their first year they take the six core courses that cover the basics of all three concentrations. At that point the Ph.
		Climate processes and variability: land-atmosphere, ocean-atmosphere, biosphere-climate, and human interactions, short- and long-term variability in climate.
		Upon completion of the dissertation the candidate is required to present the research results at a Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science seminar and to defend the material to the satisfaction of a Final Examining Committee appointed by the Dean for Graduate Studies.
	www.atmos.umd.edu /education/gradcurr.html (2525 words)

	ScienceDaily: Climate Change Will Affect Carbon Sequestration In Oceans, Scientists Say
		Climate Change Will Affect Carbon Sequestration In Oceans, Model Shows (September 8, 2005) -- An Earth System model developed by researchers at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign indicates that the best location to store carbon dioxide in the deep ocean will change with climate...
		Climate model -- Climate models use quantitative methods to simulate the interactions of the atmosphere, oceans, land surface, and ice.
		Global climate model -- A global climate model or general circulation model (GCM) aims to describe climate behavior by integrating a variety of fluid-dynamical, chemical, or even biological equations that are either derived...
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2002/12/021204080934.htm (1949 words)

	Climate and Development in Africa: Gaps and Opportunities
		Frequent climate hazards such as droughts and floods shock the African economies with impacts that threaten the health and livelihoods of the population.
		However, there are limitations on the use of climate information in Africa due to lack of capacity, institutional and other constraints on the part of the end users.
		The level of, technical expertise needed to support climate science in Africa and hence the level of activity, is low.
	iri.columbia.edu /outreach/meeting/GAAP_Panel.html (593 words)

	Oceanic
		Resembling the ocean in apparent limitlessness in extent or degree; "the oceanic violence of his rage".
		Plate I. Aime apparatus for the study of oceanic wave motion at depth described by Georges Aime in 1845.
		Aime should be considered as the predecessor of modern oceanography as he designed and created many innovative oceanographic measuring and analysis instruments that were models for those who followed.
	www.websters-dictionary-online.net /definition/OCEANIC (1915 words)

	Climate is an increasingly important element of public and private decision-making
		Climate is an increasingly important element of public and private decision-making
		Climate is an increasingly important element of public and private decision-making. The breadth of these climate-related decisions is becoming truly remarkable, including such diverse areas as farming, forestry, energy production, water resource management, emergency management planning, development of building codes, building design criteria, insurance, retail marketing, and international treaty negotiation.
		The findings are of particular importance. The increased demands for operational climate products that benefit society have placed heavy demands on the research community. When comparing U.S. and European high-end modeling, the U.S. modeling community is lagging behind in producing accurate high-resolution model simulations.
	www.house.gov /science/ets/may09/barron.htm (919 words)

	Climate Science and Service Challenges for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
		Instead, we are realizing that climate observations and models are yielding a growing understanding of how climate varies and how it may change in the future.
		The growing demand for climate products indicates that this service should include the observations themselves as well as predictive capability at a variety of space and time scales, from seasons to a century and from global scales to regions or states.
		The demand for climate services is growing and we must anticipate that these services will expand into a variety of climate-related areas including human health, water availability and quality, air quality, agricultural forecasting, and the stewardship of ecosystems.
	www7.nationalacademies.org /ocga/testimony/Climate_Sci_and_Service_Challenges_for_the_NOAA.asp (4480 words)

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