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Topic: Ochronosis

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	University of Miami School of Medicine - Glossary - Alkaptonuria
		Ochronosis is the darkening of the tissues of the body that is caused by pigment composed of the excess homogentisic acid in patients with alkaptonuria.
		Other causes of ochronosis that mimic alkaptonuria include the prolonged administration of quinacrine (atabrine) and the use of some bleaching creams used by fl women to lighten their complexion (the offending creams contain hydroquinone).
		The excess homogentisic acid causes dark discoloration of tissues and is known as ochronosis.
	www.med.miami.edu /glossary/art.asp?articlekey=7804 (748 words)

	Alkaptonuria and Ochronosis
		The result is ochronosis, a blue-fl discoloration of connective tissue including bone, cartilage, and skin caused by deposits of ochre-colored pigment.
		Patients with alkaptonuria are usually not aware of the disease until about age 40 when symptoms are present.
		Alkaptonuria and ochronosis affect many body systems, as described below.
	healthlink.mcw.edu /article/921733488.html (518 words)

	Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine: Dura mater involvement in ochronosis (alkaptonuria)
		Ochronosis (alkaptonuria) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by increased urinary excretion of homogentisic acid.
		The gene responsible for the disorder has been localized to chromosome 3q.1 The disorder is caused by an enzyme deficiency that results in an inability to catabolize homogentisic acid, an intermediary component in the metabolism of tyrosine and phenylalanine.
		The most classic clinical manifestations of ochronosis include arthritis with pigment deposition in cartilage and intervertebral disks, fl-discolored urine, cortically pigmented renal stones, cutaneous pigmentation, and cardiovascular involvement.4,6 Cardiac disease often involves the valves and is associated with calcifications and valvular stenosis.7 Scleral involvement of the eye is noted in most patients.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3725/is_200107/ai_n8958981 (1348 words)

	The Analyst - Internet Health Report: Condition: Ochronosis / Alkaptonuria
		Ochronosis is the muscoskeletal manifestation of alkaptonuria - a rather rare (one in 200,000 births) inherited disorder of protein metabolism characterized by an inability of the body to metabolize the amino acids tyrosine and phenylalanine.
		The outward signs are the ocular (eye) and the skin pigmentations, the genito-urinary calculi (stones) and cardiovascular ochronosis (especially the aortic valve).
		Although a very rare disease, the main outward symptom of ochronosis is fl urine.
	www.digitalnaturopath.com /cond/C450993.html (637 words)

	eMedicine - Ochronosis : Article by Craig G Burkhart, MD, MPH (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Background: Ochronosis is the bluish fl discoloration of certain tissues, such as the ear cartilage and the ocular tissue, seen with alkaptonuria, a metabolic disorder.
		Pathophysiology: Ochronosis was defined by Virchow who histologically described the connective tissue in alkaptonuria, given the cartilage's ochre, or yellow, hue under the microscope.
		Exogenous ochronosis, in which bluish fl pigmentation of cartilage is noted iatrogenically by exogenous agents, has been seen after exposure to noxious substances, including phenol, trinitrophenol, benzene, and hydroquinone.
	www.emedicine.com /DERM/topic476.htm (2185 words)

	ALKAPTONURIA: CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
		It enjoys the historic distinction of being one of the first conditions in which mendelian recessive inheritance was proposed and is also one of the conditions in the charter of group of inborn errors of metabolism.
		Discoloration of the teeth in alkaptonuria (ochronosis) and Parkinsonism.
		Ochronosis and alkaptonuria: report of a new case with calcified aortic valve stenosis.
	www.kfshrc.edu.sa /annals/185/98-055.html (1524 words)

	Medicine Online medical reference, cosmetic plastic surgery, bid for rx, medication, bid for surgery, Medicine Online
		Alkaptonuria (Ochronosis)Alkaptonuria (Ochronosis) Alkaptonuria is a rare inherited (genetic) disorder.
		Ochronosis leads to premature progressive degeneration of the cartilage of the joints.
		Other causes of onchronosis that mimic alkaptonuria include the prolonged administration of quinacrine (atabrine) and the use of some bleaching creams used by fl women to lighten their complexion (the offending creams contain hydroquinone).
	www.medicineonline.com /ReferanceDetails.asp?ArticleID=6815 (836 words)

	MANIFESTATIONS OF OCULAR OCHRONOSIS - A CASE REPORT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Ochronosis is a complication of a rare hereditary metabolic disease alkaptonuria, in which the enzyme homogentisic acid oxidase is missing.
		The cardinal features are presence of homogentisic acid in the urine and darkening of the urine, ochronosis and degenerative arthritis.
		Conclusion: The ocular manifestation was not the cardinal symptom, but lead to the initial diagnosis of ochronosis and alkaptonuria in a 71 year old patient.
	www.dog.org /engl/abstract97/P536.html (257 words)

	SearchBug Web Search for Alkaptonuria
		Al-Essa, L. Al-Shamsan; M.S. Rashed, ; P.T. and,, Alkaptonuria (McKusick 203500) is a rare metabolic disease characterized by a triad of homogentisic aciduria, arthritis and ochronosis.
		Ochronosis is a blue-fl discoloration of bone, cartilage, and skin caused by deposits of ochre-colored pigment.
		Alkaptonuria is a rare hereditary disorder in which homogentisic acid accumulates in the body and destroys connective tissue and bone, creating a condition called ochronosis.
	www.searchbug.org /resources.aspx/alkaptonuria (371 words)

	EURORAD
		Alkaptonuria is a rare hereditary autosomal recessive metabolic disease characterised by a triad of homogentesic aciduria, arthritis and ochronosis (1,2).
		The extra-articular manifestations are ocular and skin pigmentation, genitourinary calculi and cardiovascular ochronosis (especially of the aortic valve).
		Choudhury R, Rajamani SS, Rajshekhar V. A case of ochronosis: MRI of the lumbar spine.
	www.eurorad.org /eurorad/case.php?id=1377 (528 words)

	Remedy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Because of the defect, homogentisic acid is excreted in the urine and turns a brown color upon exposure to air.
		This is the result of a dark pigment with an ochre color (earthy red or yellow), which led to the name ochronosis.
		The bones and cartilage of the body can be brown colored.
	www.remedyonline.com /encyclopedia/Ency.aspx?qu=001200.htm (297 words)

	Painted black -- Maathuis and Driessen 61 (2): 100 -- Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Khachadurian A, Abu Feisal K. Alkaptonuria: report of a family with seven cases appearing in four successive generations with metabolic studies in one patient.
		Biochemical, pathologic, and clinical aspects of alkaptonuria, ochronosis and ochronotic arthropathy.
		Ochronosis: a report of a case and a review of literature.
	ard.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/61/2/100 (625 words)

	Extended Contents
		Miha Cercek MD, Katja Prokselj MD, Mirta Kozelj MD Alkaptonuria is a rare genetic disorder of tyrosine metabolism in which a bluish pigment accumulates in the connective tissues throughout the body, and causes degenerative changes.
		The most common clinical manifestation of ochronosis is arthropathy.
		The present patient had cardiac ochronosis, and several of her family members were diagnosed with ochronosis and aortic valve stenosis.
	www.icr-heart.com /journal/extconmay02/alkaptonuric_ochronosis.htm (75 words)

	Diagnose-Me: Condition: Ochronosis / Alkaptonuria
		There only exists a symptomatic treatment: analgetics, NSAID, physical therapy, orthopaedic supports and intra-articular corticoid infiltration, especially in the knee.
		Signs, symptoms & indicators of Ochronosis / Alkaptonuria:
		Arthroplasty of the hip and knee is often necessary.
	www.diagnose-me.com /cond/C451501.html (584 words)

	eMedicine - Ochronosis : Article Excerpt by: Craig G Burkhart, MD, MPH (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Additionally, ochronosis can occasionally occur from exposure to noxious substances, such as phenol, trinitrophenol, resorcinol, mercury, picric acid, benzene, hydroquinone, and antimalarials.
		These affected connective tissue become weak and brittle with time, leading to chronic inflammation, degeneration, and osteoarthritis.
		Inasmuch as 25% of patients with alkaptonuria do not have the characteristic dark urine staining, many patients remain undiagnosed until adulthood.
	www.emedicine.com /derm/byname/ochronosis.htm (541 words)

	Ochronosis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Ochronosis : We have listed a selection of sponsored listings for your search term.
		All our listings are displayed in order of the most relevant match to your search for Ochronosis.
		Please note that these are sponsored links, therefore the sponsors are using pay-per-click in order to promote their services.
	www.europamax.com /Ochronosis.html (214 words)

	Alkaptonuria definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		Deficiency of this enzyme leads to the three cardinal features of alkaptonuria --the presence of homogentisic acid in the urine, ochronosis (bluish-fl pigmentation in connective tissue), and arthritis.
		The presence of HGA in the urine causes it to turn fl upon standing when exposed to air.
		The ochronosis is due to the accumulation of a bluish-fl pigment in connective tissues that darkly discolors them.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=39942 (550 words)

	Q176-Ochronosis
		I wanna know how to treat melasma that called ochronosis,which type of laser can get rid of this melasma and how many times to clear it.
		Ochronosis is one of common side effect of long term high potency hydroquinone treatment.
		Clinically there is slate gray to browish discoloration of the face.
	www.thaicosderm.org /public-quest/q176ochronosis.htm (141 words)

	Alkaptonuria - Genetics Home Reference (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Alkaptonuria is an inherited condition that causes urine to turn fl when exposed to air.
		Ochronosis, a buildup of dark pigment in connective tissues such as cartilage and skin, is also characteristic of the disorder.
		People with alkaptonuria typically develop arthritis in adulthood, particularly in the spine and large joints.
	ghr.nlm.nih.gov /condition=alkaptonuria (502 words)

	[No title]
		Alkaptonuria and Ochronosis - A detailed look at these disorders, how it affects the many body parts, diagnosis, diet and treatment are discussed.
		Patients with alkaptonuria who are at least one month old may be eligible for this study.
		Diagnose-Me: Conditions: Ochronosis / Alkaptonuria - Ochronosis / Alkaptonuria, Signs, symptoms and indicators of Ochronosis / Alkaptonuria: Symptoms - Nails, Blue and brown fingernails.
	www.diseasedirectory.net /Genetic_Disorders/Alkaptonuria/default.aspx (439 words)

	Aortic Stenosis in Endogenous Ochronosis Filip Casselman MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Aortic Stenosis in Endogenous Ochronosis Filip Casselman MD Aortic Stenosis in Endogenous Ochronosis
		Filip Casselman MD, Paul Herijgers MD, Bart Meyns MD, Willem Daenen MD Aortic stenosis may be a manifestation of endogenous ochronosis, a rare disease of tyrosine metabolism which mainly affects the skeletal system but also shows occasional cardiovascular involvement.
		We report the case of a patient with severe ochronotic aortic stenosis who underwent aortic valve replacement.
	www.icr-heart.com /journal/aortic_stenosis_in_endogenous_oc.htm (69 words)

	Ochronosis definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		Ochronosis definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		Deposition of dark pigment in connective tissues, usually due to alkaptonuria or exposure to chemicals such as phenolic compounds or hydroquinone.
		Please consult your healthcare provider before beginning any course of supplementation or treatment.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=39943 (168 words)

	Site Details : healthlink.mcw.edu/article/921733488.html : Alkaptonuria and Ochronosis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Site Details : healthlink.mcw.edu/article/921733488.html : Alkaptonuria and Ochronosis
		A detailed look at these disorders, how it affects the many body parts, diagnosis, diet and treatment are discussed.
		acid, alkaptonuria, ochronosis, homogentisic acid oxidase, homogentisic, oxidase, HGAO, HGA, pigmentation, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, MCW, Medical College of Wisconsin, health, physicians, clinics, doctors
	healthglobal.org /siteinfo.php?siteid=46627 (82 words)

	Merriam-Webster Online
		ochronosis is one of more than 1,000,000 entries available at Merriam-WebsterUnabridged.com.
		For More Information on "ochronosis" go to Britannica.com
		Get the Top 10 Search Results for "ochronosis"
	www.m-w.com /cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=ochronosis (55 words)

	OCHRONOSIS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Click the links below to go to article lists for each topic.
		For more research articles and broader searching, click articles and information on OCHRONOSIS.
		This site has been built on technology developed while creating a Memletics portal site.
	www.find-health-articles.com /include/DescC18.452.730-Ochronosis.htm (248 words)

	AllRefer Health - Alkaptonuria Prevention (Alcaptonuria, Homogentisic Acid Oxidase Deficiency, Ochronosis)
		AllRefer Health - Alkaptonuria Prevention (Alcaptonuria, Homogentisic Acid Oxidase Deficiency, Ochronosis)
		Alternate Names : Alcaptonuria, Homogentisic Acid Oxidase Deficiency, Ochronosis
		Like most genetic diseases, alkaptonuria itself cannot be prevented, but some of the manifestations, such as arthritis, can be minimized by treatment.
	health.allrefer.com /health/alkaptonuria-prevention.html (272 words)

	[No title]
		Disease Directory : Diagnose-Me: Conditions: Ochronosis / Alkaptonuria
		Diseases : Genetic Disorders : Alkaptonuria : Diagnose-Me: Conditions: Ochronosis / Alkaptonuria
		Description: Ochronosis / Alkaptonuria, Signs, symptoms andamp; indicators of Ochronosis / Alkaptonuria: Symptoms - Nails, Blue and brown fingernails.
	www.diseasedirectory.net /detailed/25205.aspx (39 words)

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