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Octanol - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Octanol is a straight chain fatty alcohol with eight carbon atoms and the formula C The primary use of octanol is in the manufacture of various esters (both synthetic and naturally occurring), such as octyl acetate, which are used in perfumery and flavors. The distribution of a compound between water and octanol is used to calculate the partition coefficient (logP) of that molecule. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Octanol   (220 words)

EMBOSS: octanol The second is the free energy difference between water and octanol, equivalent to the environment inside a lipid bilayer. Residues which can be buried inside a lipid bilayer must be in a region of the peptide where most residues show a free energy difference in favour of being in an octanol environment or at least being in the lipid/water interface region. The line on the default plot is the difference between the interface and octanol free energy calculations. www.biochem.uwo.ca /rt/man/html_emboss/octanol.html   (704 words)

Octanol-Water Partition Coefficient Estimation The octanol/water partition coefficient is not the same as the ratio of a chemical's solubility in octanol to its solubility in water, because the organic and aqueous phases of the binary octanol/water system are not pure octanol and pure water. The chemical in question is added to a mixture of octanol and water whose volume ratio is adjusted according to the expected value of Kow. Very pure octanol and water must be used, and the concentration of the solute in the system should be less than 0.01 mol/L. The system is shaken gently until equilibrium is achieved (15 min to I hr). www.pirika.com /chem/TCPEE/LOGKOW/ourlogKow.htm   (519 words)

AANS.org | Education and Meetings | AANS Scientific Journals | Neurosurgical Focus To test this hypothesis, the authors pretreated rats with the gap junction blocker, octanol, before occluding the middle cerebral artery and compared the sizes of the ischemic lesions to those in rats that received vehicle dimethyl sulfoxide prior to arterial occlusion. Octanol pretreatment resulted in complete inhibition in two of nine animals, transient inhibition in five of nine, and no inhibition in two of nine. In all animals studied, octanol treatment did not effect the velocity or amplitude of direct current deflection when waves of spreading depression were evoked. www.aans.org /education/journal/neurosurgical/may97/2-5-1.asp?ShowMenu=false&ShowPrint=false   (2732 words)

ENVR 200   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04) There is sufficient water in the octanol to affect the molar volume. If we place liquid octanol in contact with water, shake thoroughly and allow the two phases to come to equilibrium....we have a direct "solubility" scenario...as we have discussed. perhaps one could think of the octanol in water example as a case where octanol was both the solute and the additional solvent (extracting itself). www.unc.edu /courses/2000fall/envr123-001/Chap7kow.htm   (492 words)

Solvation and Hydration Characteristics of Ibuprofen and Acetylsalicylic Acid It is probable that while the energy of solvation of the drug increases, the activation barrier of a phase transition from the water to the octanol phase also rises because of bigger energetic expenses needed for the resolvation process (ie, destroying and rebuilding the respective solvation shell). Therefore, it may be concluded that mutual saturation of the water-octanol phases leads to a decrease in the partitioning coefficient in comparison with the pure phases (saturation of the octanol with water reduces the solubility of the drug in it). Solubility and partitioning VI: Octanol solubility and octanol-water partition coefficients. www.aapspharmsci.org /view.asp?art=ps060103   (2716 words)

The World Market for Octanol (Octyl Alcohol) and Isomers Thereof: A 2005 Global Trade Perspective : Market Research ... I have developed a methodology, based on macroeconomic and trade models, to estimate the market for octanol (octyl alcohol) and isomers thereof for those countries serving the world market via exports or supplying from various countries via imports. The total level of imports and exports on a worldwide basis, and those for each region, is based on a model which aggregates across over 150 key country markets and projects these to the current year. Combined, Chapters 3 and 4 present the complete picture for imports and exports of octanol (octyl alcohol) and isomers thereof to and from all major countries in the world. www.marketresearch.com /map/prod/1026276.html   (1002 words)

Octanol-Water Partition Coefficient (Kow) Definition Page The octanol-water partition coefficient is the ratio of the concentration of a chemical in octanol and in water at equilibrium and at a specified temperature. Octanol is an organic solvent that is used as a surrogate for natural organic matter. This parameter is used in many environmental studies to help determine the fate of chemicals in the environment. toxics.usgs.gov /definitions/kow.html   (342 words)

Interfacial Characterization of n-octanol and 3-octanol using Molecular Dynamic Simulations   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04) The octanol systems were simulated at a water interface at a vapor interface, as well as the bulk for compasrison. The vapor/liquid interface and bulk octanol systems were also simulated for 20 nanoseconds and analyzed for comparison. The octanols form a hydrogen bonded network with the water ordering the surface molecules, creating a hydrophilic/hydrophobic layering, consistent with the experiments of recent experiments. www.usip.edu /research/scholarlyday/abstractDetail.asp?id=100   (251 words)

Experimentally Determined Hydrophobicity Scales The whole-residue octanol scale appears to be a good measure of the partitioning of hydrophobic alpha-helices into the bilayer interior. The whole-residue octanol scale may therefore be useful for identifying TM segments in hydropathy plots of MPs, as illustrated below. The idea that the octanol scale is useful for identifying TM segments is supported by the whole-residue octanol-scale hydropathy plot for the L-subunit of the photosynthetic reaction center of Rhodobacter sphaeroides shown in Figure 4 (dark yellow solid line). blanco.biomol.uci.edu /hydrophobicity_scales.html   (691 words)

Role of gap junctions in inhibiting ischemia-reperfusion injury of rat gastric mucosa -- Iwata et al. 275 (5): 883 -- ... perfusion with octanol caused a significant reduction in immunoreactive Effects of luminal perfusion with ethanol or octanol on the increase in gastric mucosal permeability induced by ischemia-reperfusion in rats. Effect of irsogladine on the increase in gastric mucosal permeability induced by the combination of luminal perfusion with octanol and ischemia-reperfusion in rats. ajpgi.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/275/5/G883   (2988 words)

[No title]   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04) Petitioner argues that the octanol value in Chemical Weekly is for 1-octanol and not 2- octanol or 2-ethylhexanol. The CIT held that the Department's determination that 1- octanol and 2-octanol are comparable merchandise based solely on the fact the fact that the two chemicals have similar molecular structure was contrary to law because it was not based on a reasonable interpretation of the statute. All of the octanols, including 1-octanol, 2-octanol and 2- ethylhexanol, are plasticizer range alcohols with eight carbon atoms. ia.ita.doc.gov /frn/9808frn/98-813b.txt   (4973 words)

APStracts 2:0096G, 1995.   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04) This study has investigated halothane and octanol, reported inhibitors of gap junctional permeability, for their effects on acinar cell [Ca2+]i signaling. Lower concentrations of octanol markedly reduced the oscillation frequency (0.2, 0.5 mM octanol: reduction in oscillation frequency of 69 +/- 6 % and 43 +/- 6 % respectively). Octanol, unlike halothane, blocked 1,4,5-IP3-induced Ca2+ release from permeabilized acini, an effect that was most pronounced at a more physiologic 1,4,5-IP3 concentration. www.uth.tmc.edu /apstracts/1995/gastro/May/96g.html   (281 words)

[No title]   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04) In the Final Results, we used the Indian price for octanol- 1 as a surrogate for octanol-2 because we determined that octanol-1 was comparable to octanol-2 based on its similar molecular formula. While we determined that the value of octanol cited in the Chemical Weekly (Indian) was a value for octanol-1, it was not clear from the publication whether the octanol value quoted was actually for octanol- 1, octanol-2, or a combination of the two products. For the first issue, we determined that 2-ethylhexanol and octanol- 2 are comparable chemicals, and that the octanol value quoted in the Chemical Weekly (India) is a value for 2-ethylhexanol. ia.ita.doc.gov /frn/0001frn/00-112a.txt   (1716 words)

Dual Action of n-Alcohols on Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors -- Zuo et al. 60 (4): 700 -- Molecular ... The current induced by 30 µM ACh was used as control for the octanol dose-response curve without ethanol; the current induced by 30 µM plus 300 mM ethanol was used as control for the octanol dose-response curve with 300 mM ethanol. The current induced by 3 mM ACh was used as control for the octanol dose-response curve without ethanol; the current induced by 3 mM plus 300 mM ethanol was used as control for the octanol dose-response curve with 300 mM ethanol. R is the receptor; RA and RA are the receptors bound by one and two agonist molecules, respectively; RA * is the agonist-bound activated receptor; RD and RD are the desensitized receptors; and B and RB is the receptor blocked by long-chain alcohols. molpharm.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/60/4/700   (7053 words)

Ca2+ waves during triggered propagated contractions in intact trabeculae -- Miura et al. 274 (1): 266 -- AJP - Heart ... by octanol is consistent with the conclusion from this study that diffusion of fura 2 is caused by the effect of octanol on GJs. In summary, by using diffusion characteristics of fura 2, we conclude that octanol, in a concentration known to affect TPC ajpheart.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/274/1/H266   (6989 words)

Research At EMSI   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04) Previous studies using a droplet train apparatus on the interaction process of gas hydrogen halide molecules and octanol liquid droplets indicated that the entry of the HX molecules into liquid octanol is governed by the formation of the ionic complex, C This study focuses on the spectroscopic investigation of the interaction between HX and octanol by using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and broad bandwidth sum frequency generation (BBSFG) spectroscopy, and was motivated by the collaboration with P. In the BBSFG spectrum, the ratio of the intensity of the CH3 symmetric stretch (CH3-SS) to that of the CH2 symmetric stretch (CH2-SS) was used as a sensitive reference to reveal the orientation change. emsi.osu.edu /research/2004-2005/probing_chemistry.htm   (606 words)

British Journal of Pharmacology - Abstract of article: General anesthetic octanol and related compounds activate ... I efflux and Cl currents induced by octanol were blocked by glibenclamide but insensitive to 4,4'-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid, as expected for a CFTR Cl current. CFTR activation by octanol was neither due to cell-to-cell uncoupling properties of octanol nor to an intracellular cAMP increase. CFTR activation by octanol requires phosphorylation by protein kinase-A (PKA) since it was prevented by H-89, a PKA inhibitor. www.nature.com /bjp/journal/v141/n6/abs/0705684a.html   (421 words)

The World Market for Octanol (Octyl Alcohol) and Isomers Thereof: A 2004 Global Trade Perspective - Market Research ... Which countries are supplying octanol (octyl alcohol) and isomers thereof? The total level of imports and exports on a worldwide basis, and those for each region, is based on a model which aggregates across country markets and projects these to the current year. Of the countries considered, if a country is not reported here it is therefore estimated to have only a negligible level of trade in octanol (octyl alcohol) and isomers thereof (i.e. www.mindbranch.com /products/R307-5792.html   (653 words)

Biotransformation in Double-Phase Systems: Physiological Responses of Pseudomonas putida DOT-T1E to a Double Phase Made ... putida DOT-T1E in the presence of octanol, nonanol, and decanol. The assays were performed in the aqueous phase or in a double-phase fermentor system using octanol or decanol as the second phase. On average, when octanol was the second phase, almost 96% 3-methylcatechol was in the organic phase and the alkylcatechol in the aqueous phase was always at concentrations below 0.7 mM. aem.asm.org /cgi/content/full/70/6/3637   (4901 words)

Lidocaine and Octanol Have Different Modes of Action at Tetrodotoxin-Resistant Na+ Channels of Peripheral Nerves -- ... Lidocaine and Octanol Have Different Modes of Action at Tetrodotoxin-Resistant Na+ Channels of Peripheral Nerves -- Poyraz et al. Lidocaine and Octanol Have Different Modes of Action at Tetrodotoxin-Resistant Na Channels of Peripheral Nerves and octanol acted noncompetitively in the Na channel. www.anesthesia-analgesia.org /cgi/content/abstract/97/5/1317   (362 words)

ScienceDaily: Long-Chain Alcohol Found To Block Mechanism Of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome For today's study, the researchers cultured 23 mouse embryos with ethanol and 23 embryos with both ethanol and octanol. Eighteen control embryos were exposed to neither ethanol nor octanol. The results were dramatic: Control embryos and embryos exposed to both ethanol and octanol were developmentally more advanced and exhibited less cell death than embryos cultured with ethanol alone. www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2001/05/010518083627.htm   (1343 words)

OLTCHIM - OCTANOL (2 — ETHYLHEXANOL)   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04) Octanol is a colourless liquid with a specific odour. At heating over 75 °C, octanol vapors gives explosive mixtures with air. We ask you to contact OLTCHIM to see if the document has been revised. www.oltchim.ro /en/products_93.html   (181 words)

Clinical Trial: Pharmacokinetics of 1-Octanol in Adults with Essential Tremor This study is designed as a two-phase unblinded inpatient study of adults with ET receiving weight-adjusted oral dosages of 2 different formulations of 1-octanol in a crossover fashion. Phase I of the study is designed to develop an octanol detection assay using GC. The primary outcome measures for the study will be the determination of pharmacokinetic profiles of octanol #61864 and octanol #68751. clinicaltrials.gov /show/NCT00102596   (1280 words)

Hart Protocols so that octanol is absorbed easily into the hair (or the hair is thicker and absorbs more). N2 and eat-4 are tested at both the beginning and the end of the cycle to confirm that worms are responding to octanol throughout the assay time. Keep the lid open for a such plate until next cycle (5-7 minutes after) for octanol to evaporate and for worms to be recovered from octanol-exposure. weeds.mgh.harvard.edu /hartweb/protocols.html   (2318 words)

COMP 256 - Characterization of interfacial n-octanol and 3-octanol with molecular dynamic simulations   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04) The octanol systems were simulated at the vapor interface, at the water interface, and in the bulk for comparison. This systematic study was intended to understand octanol/water interfaces on the atomic level. The octanols form a hydrogen bonded network with the water ordering the surface molecules, creating a hydrophilic -hydrophobic layering, consistent with recent experiments. membership.acs.org /c/comp/pastprograms/sp05/P815114.HTM   (205 words)

Clinical Trial: 1-Octanol to Treat Essential Tremor The accepted daily intake (ADI) of 1-octanol (1 mg/kg/d) as a food additive will be given as a single dose. Toxicity from octanol will be monitored clinically and by liver function and electrolyte measurements. Patients with essential tremor affecting the upper limbs who are 21 years of age or older. clinicaltrials.gov /show/NCT00001986   (736 words)

Octanol antagonism of ethanol teratogenesis -- CHEN et al. 15 (9): 1649 -- The FASEB Journal Octanol antagonism of ethanol teratogenesis -- CHEN et al. c) Illustrated is a representative embryo (median number of somites) from each of the three experimental groups: control, 19 somites; ethanol (EtOH), 13 somites; ethanol plus octanol (EtOH/Oct), 17 somites. Embryos cultured for 6 h with 100 mM ethanol showed markedly delayed www.fasebj.org /cgi/content/short/15/9/1649   (1097 words)

Octanol - Buying Leads for Octanol - Buyers, Importers, Wholesalers, Distributors Octanol - Buying Leads for Octanol - Buyers, Importers, Wholesalers, Distributors Start here to find buyers, importers and wholesalers of Octanol around the world. Copyright Notice © 1999-2006 Alibaba.com Corporation and its licensors. importer.alibaba.com /buyeroffers/Octanol.html   (118 words)

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