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Octave - Biocrawler   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04) In music, an octave (sometimes abbreviated 8ve or 8va) is the interval between one musical note and another with half or double the frequency. This is similar to enharmonic equivalency, and less so transpositional equivalency and, less still, inversional equivalency, the latter two of which are generally used only in musical set theory or atonal theory. Octave equivalency is a part of most musics, but is far from universal in "primitive" and early music (e.g., Nettl, 1956; Sachs and Kunst, 1962). www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/8va   (677 words)

STAR CYCLES - STUDY GUIDES Further octaves of a note occur at 2n times the frequency of that note (where n is an integer), such as 2, 4, 8, 16, etc. and the reciprocal of that series. In terms of playing an instrument, octave may also means a special effect, involving play two notes that are an ioctave apart at the same time. Descending by fifths, and ascending or descending by fourths also works, since motion in one direction by a fourth is equivalent to motion in the opposite direction by a fifth. pritchardschool.com /scdvd/octave.html   (866 words)

Quotient Set Encyclopedia Article @ Preferably.org   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04) The equivalence classes are known as right cosets of H in G; one of them is H itself. Because of the properties of an equivalence relation it holds that a is in [a] and that any two equivalence classes are either equal or disjoint. If ~ is an equivalence relation on X, and P(x) is a property of elements of x, such that whenever x ~ y, P(x) is true if P(y) is true, then the property P is said to be well-defined or a class invariant under the relation ~. www.preferably.org /encyclopedia/Quotient_set   (1006 words)

Octave In music, an octave (sometimes abbreviated to 8ve) is the interval between one musical note and another whose pitch is twice its frequency. The octave is the second simplest interval in music. Thus all C#s, or all 2s (if C=0), in any octave are part of the same pitch class. www.guajara.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/o/oc/octave.html   (328 words)

Spartanburg SC | GoUpstate.com | Spartanburg Herald-Journal   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04) Also monkeys experience octave equivalency, and its biological basis apparently is an octave mapping of neurons in the auditory thalamus of the mammalian brain [1]. While octaves commonly refer to the perfect octave (P8), the interval of an octave in music theory encompasses chromatic alterations within the pitch class, meaning that G natural to G# (13 semitones higher) is an augmented octave (A8), and G natural to G-flat (11 semitones higher) is a diminished octave (d8). A frequency response of +/-6dB per octave is equivalent to +/-20dB per decade (a change in frequency by a factor of 10). www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=octave   (835 words)

Equivalence relation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04) Equivalence relations are often used to group together objects that are similar in some sense. Green's relations are five equivalence relations on the elements of a semigroup. Every equivalence relation on X defines a partition of X into subsets called equivalence classes: all elements equivalent to each other are put into one class. www.godseye.com /stat/en/e/q/u/Equivalence_relation.html   (918 words)

Arab tone system The next higher octave is nawa and the second tuti. A two octave range starting with yakah arbitrarily on the G below middle C is used. In practice far fewer than twenty-four tones are used in a single performance. www.mp3.fm /Arab_tone_system.htm   (318 words)

Inversion_(music) info here at en.about-gasoline-alley.info   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04) An interval is inverted by raising or junioring either of the annotations the name decimal of octaves, so that both dashing their denominations (pitch class) and the peculiar which was higher is like now decreased and vice versa, changing the angle or relation interpolated the classes. Inversional equivalency or inversional symmetry is the slant that intervals, chords, and else stipulateds of pitches are the ringer when inverted. It is to enharmonic equivalency and octave equivalency and uniform transpositional equivalency. en.about-gasoline-alley.info /Inversion_(music)   (1854 words)

Helix Encyclopedia Article @ Genetically.org   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04) The equivalent left-handed helix can be constructed in a number of ways, the simplest being to negate either the x, y or z component. A double helix typically consists geometrically of two congruent helices with the same axis, differing by a translation along the axis, which may or may not be half-way. In music, pitch space is often modeled with helices or double helices, most often extending out of a circle such as the circle of fifths, so as to represent octave equivalency. www.genetically.org /encyclopedia/Helix   (547 words)

Octave - Music Sage   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04) OCTAVE [octave] [Lat.,=eighth], in music, the perfect interval between the 1st and 8th tones of the diatonic scale. This interval is traditionally called an octave, irrespective of how many notes intervene between the given note and the 2/1. Theodomar, a contemporary of Charlemagne, speaks on!y of the octaves of Christmas and the Epiphany but it must not be concluded that he was ignorant of those of Easter and Pentecost, which were more celebrated. www.musicsage.org /topics/Octave   (431 words)

Octave For this reason, notes an octave apart are given the same note name in the Western system of Octave equivalency is a part of most musics, but is far from universal in "primitive" and Disclaimer: Uploading or downloading of copyrighted works without permission or authorization of the copyright holders may be illegal and subject to civil or criminal liability and penalties. www.mp3.fm /Octave_equivalency.htm   (424 words)

Equivalence class - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04) In cases where X has some additional structure preserved under ~, the quotient becomes an object of the same type in a natural fashion; the map that sends a to [a] is then an epimorphism. Consider the "modulo 2" equivalence relation on the set of integers: x~y if and only if x-y is even. If ~ is an equivalence relation on X, and P(x) is a property of elements of x, such that whenever x ~ y, P(x) is true if P(y) is true, then the property P is said to be a class invariant under the relation ~. www.godseye.com /stat/en/e/q/u/Equivalence_class.html   (806 words)

Dolmetsch Online - Music Theory Online - Staffs, Clefs & Pitch Notation This is called octave equivalency, and is closely related to the concept of harmonics, a subject we consider later in lesson 27. Helmholtz notation describes an octave as a series of notes starting with the note name c (thus, c, d, e, f, g, a, b) with different octaves being distinguished by the use of upper and lower case and sometimes subscript or superscript prime (') or i. The octave from lower case c to b is called the 'small octave' while that from c' to b' is called the 'one-line octave', 'one-line' referring to the single prime '. www.dolmetsch.com /musictheory1.htm   (4835 words)

Britain.tv Wikipedia - Tonality The majority of tonal music assumes that notes spaced over several octaves are perceived the same way as if they were played in one octave or octave equivalency. This is generally held to imply that a note which has different places in a chord will be heard differently, and that therefore there is not enharmonic equivalency. In tonal music chords which are moved to different keys, or played with different root notes are not perceived as being the same, and thus transpositional equivalency and far less still inversional equivalency are not generally held to apply. www.britain.tv /wikipedia.php?title=Tonality   (4648 words)

Prime Limit Utonal Tunings Since octave equivalency is assumed, "same" includes all numbers related by powers of two alone. Thus, the numbers 5 and 9 may placed under 4 and 8, respectively; 4 and 8 are "the same" in terms of placement within the octave because with all factors of two removed, they are equal. While that's not true when comparing individual ratios, for tunings that assume octave equivalence, to fail to remove powers of two provides different ratings for tunings that are sonically and musically identical, differing only in what portion of the harmonic lattice they cover. www.elvenminstrel.com /music/tuning/rational/pu-limit.shtml   (501 words)

Unison - Biocrawler   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04) From this sense can be derived another, figurative, sense: if several people do something "in unison" it means they do it simultaneously, in tandem, in lockstep. A pair of notes sung one or a multiple of an octave apart are almost in unison, due to octave equivalency. When there are several voices which do not usually sing in unison, then the result is polyphony. www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Unison   (427 words)

Electronic Code of Federal Regulations:   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04) Guidance material on the use of equivalent procedures in the noise certification of subsonic jet and propeller-driven large airplanes is provided in the current advisory circular for this part. These one-third octave band levels are to be used for the calculation of effective perceived noise level as described in section A36.4. A36.3.7.3 The minimum standard for the one-third octave band analysis system is the class 2 electrical performance requirements of IEC 61260 as amended, over the range of one-third octave nominal midband frequencies from 50 Hz through 10 kHz inclusive. ecfr.gpoaccess.gov /cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=ecfr&sid=c700c1297c76b71d02bc7d722017907f&rgn=div5&view=text&node=14:1.0.1.3.18&idno=14   (12614 words)

Piano Forums at Piano World: I don't understand the scales Well, the octave interval is not arbitrary, for the reasons you listed, but the division of it into 12 tones may be. In an octave the frequencies are in the ratio 2:1. As 8ude stated, an octave is a term that is used to describe a audible frequency which is twice another freq or half another freq. www.pianoworld.com /ubb/cgi-bin/ultimatebb.cgi?ubb=get_topic;f=32;t=002437;p=0   (2623 words)

Musical Notation System A staff (in British English, also stave) is generally presented with a clef, which indicates the particular range of pitches encompassed by the staff. Notes representing a pitch outside of the scope of the five line staff can be represented using leger lines, which provide a single note with additional lines and spaces. Octave (8va) notation is used, particularly for keyboard music, where notes are substantially above or below the staff. www.playable-sheet-music.com /music-notation.htm   (2320 words)

equivalence_class   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04) Then one says that that structure is well-defined, and the quotient set inherits the structure to become an object of the same category in a natural fashion; the map that sends a to a" target="_blank">[3] is then an epimorphism in that category. This relation gives rise to exactly two equivalence classes: [4] consisting of all even numbers, and [5] consisting of all odd numbers. Because of the properties of an equivalence relation it holds that a is in a" target="_blank">[10] and that any two equivalence classes are either equal or disjoint. www.johnspokertips.com /wiki/?title=Equivalence_class   (860 words)

Inversion (music) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia An interval is inverted by raising or lowering either of the notes the necessary number of octaves, so that both retain their names (pitch class) and the one which was higher is now lower and vice versa, changing the perspective or relation between the pitch classes. Inversional equivalency or inversional symmetry is the concept that intervals, chords, and other sets of pitches are the same when inverted. Inversional equivalency is used little in tonal theory, though it is assumed a set which may be inverted onto another are remotely in common. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Inversion_(music)   (1699 words)

airline airway canada harmony   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04) As an example, harmony airline consider an octave equivalency pitch an octave has seven notes, these are chromatic. While the flash and bang can be installed on an upbeat, leaving a halfrest in the key of C (the root note is said to be consonant when it received the power to regulate civil aviation. In music, airline airway canada harmony a consonance (Latin consonare, airline airway canada harmony sounding together) is a series of major thirds and far better for the countrys two international passenger airports, airline airway canada harmony comes under the control of the calculation, a flight attendant to look after the war. harmony-airline.qsskk.info /airline-airway-canada-harmony.html   (2871 words)

Octave - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia There are other articles with similar names; see Octave (disambiguation). Further octaves of a note occur at 2 This effect may have to be created by the musician. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Octave   (881 words)

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