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Topic: Octave illusion

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	Search Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		octave octaveŏk´tĬv [Lat.,=eighth], in music, the perfect interval between the 1st and 8th tones of the diatonic scale.
		The upper note of a perfect octave has a frequency of vibration twice that of the lower, and in modern Western notation the two have the same letter name.
		Cr?zie, (Joseph) Octave Crémazie, (Joseph) Octavezhôzĕf´ ôktäv´ krāmäzē´, 1822-79, French Canadian poet, b.
	www.encyclopedia.com /searchpool.asp?target=Octave+illusion (521 words)

	Encyclopedia: Optical illusion
		There are physiological illusions, that occur naturally, and cognitive illusions, that can be demonstrated by specific visual tricks that show particular assumptions in the human perceptual system [2].
		Paradox illusions offer objects that are paradoxical or impossible, such as the Penrose triangle or impossible staircases seen, for example, in the work of M.
		Fiction illusions are the perception of objects that are genuinely not there to all but a single observer, such as those induced by schizophrenia or hallucinogenic drugs.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Optical-illusion (2127 words)

	C:\Program Files\Recognita Plus 5.0\deutch.htm
		An analogous illusion was obtained under these conditions: The subjects perceived a high tone that appeared to be coming from one speaker, which alternated with a low tone that appeared to be coming from the other speaker.
		In the octave illusion, channeling of pitch sequences was always on the basis of spatial location.
		Another characteristic of the stimulus producing the octave illusion was that the frequency emanating from one side of space was always the same as the frequency that had just emanated from the opposite side.
	www.zainea.com /deutch.htm (10982 words)

	Lecture Notes
		The same illusion is observed as for the octave illusion, where the high note is localized.
		This illusion is constructed from an ascending and descending major scales with notes switching from channel, as shown in the Figure B below.
		Like with the octave illusion, right-handers tend to hear the higher pattern in their right ear, whereas for left-handers there are differing results regarding which pattern is heard in which ear.
	www.colorado.edu /physics/phys4830/phys4830_fa01/lab/n1204.htm (1253 words)

	Auditory illusion - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An auditory illusion is an illusion of hearing (sense), the sound equivalent of an optical illusion: the listener hears either sounds which are not present in the stimulus, or "impossible" sounds.
		In short, audio illusions highlight areas where the human ear and brain, as organic, makeshift tools, differ from perfect audio receptors (for better or for worse).
		Doppler effect - not an illusion, but real physical phenomenon
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Auditory_illusion (125 words)

	Tritone Paradox and Spectral-Motion AfterEffects
		Illusions arise from Deutsch and Shepard tones when the spectral envelopes are held constant and the frequencies components are raised or lowered in pitch.
		If you were to play the 12 chromatic tones that make up an octave over and over again, you will create an illusion of a continuous ascending or descending pitch sequence depending upon whether you play the chromatic series as ascending or descending respectively.
		This is the auditory equivalent to the Penrose visual illusion of a continuous staircase made famous by Escher.
	www.cameron.edu /~lloydd/webdoc1.html (1517 words)

	MARCS \| The Effect of Specialist Music Training on the Octave Illusion
		Visual illusions are most often used: researchers have investigated under what conditions we mis-see and what this tells us about the way the visual system is wired.
		For example, the octave illusion involves presentation of a high tone to one ear and a lower tone to the other ear.
		Luckily, the spatial arrangement of pipes in pipe organs is similar to the low/high alternation of tones in the octave illusion stimulus.
	marcs.uws.edu.au /research/music/illusion.htm (377 words)

	gnu octave
		Octave is a free computer program for performing numerical computations, which is mostly compatible with MATLAB.
		It was the name of a former professor of one of the authors of Octave who was known for his ability to quickly come up with good approximations to numerical problems.
		Because Octave is made available under the GNU General Public License, it can be freely copied and used.
	www.fact-library.com /gnu_octave.html (153 words)

	octave
		In music, an octave (sometimes abbreviated to 8ve) is the interval between one musical note and another whose pitch is twice its frequency.
		In most Western music, the octave is divided into 12 semitones (see musical tuning).
		The notation 8va is sometimes seen in sheet music, meaning "play this an octave higher than written." 8va stands for ottava, the Italian word for octave.
	www.fact-library.com /octave.html (291 words)

	Octave Mirbeau
		Octave Henri Marie Mirbeau (February 16, 1848-February 16, 1917), was a French art critic and novelist.
		Octave Mirbeau is credited with the discovery of the Belgian writer, and Nobel Prize winner, Maurice Maeterlinck, and he contributed significantly to the careers of Camille Pissarro, Auguste Rodin, Claude Monet, and other important artists of the time.
		Despite his leftist views, Octave Mirbeau was an astute financier who accumulated a small fortune.
	www.kiwipedia.com /en/octave-mirbeau.html (265 words)

	Illusion: Readings
		This illusion is presented in the context of the development of dual representations for perception and action.
		An experimental paper concerned with the illusion of truth, in which a statement which has been heard before (when its truth value was unknown) is deemed to be more true than a newer statement, simply due to its familiarity.
		The evidence shows that the illusion is greater in real life than in pictures, and that the size of this effect depends on the perceived size of the extent, not the retinal angle.
	www.people.virginia.edu /~crr4f/teaching/illusion/Readings.htm (4110 words)

	Auditory Development Lab - Research
		In the octave illusion, discovered by Diana Deutsch, two sine wave tones an octave apart alternate in an extended pattern such that the input to the two ears is out of phase (i.e., when the right ear hears the high tone, the left ear hears the low tone).
		As well, the illusion is highly unstable for many listeners, with the ear hearing the higher tones changing from right to left fairly frequently.
		We have also discovered that the octave illusion stimulus gives rise to an intensity illusion: when the illusion-consistent stimulus follows the illusory stimulus it sounds substantially louder than the illusory stimulus, but when the illusory stimulus follows to illusion-consistent stimulus they sound equally loud.
	www.psychology.mcmaster.ca /ljt/research (2138 words)

	CD review: Auditory brainteasers
		On her new disc, Deutsch guides the listener through a series of musical illusions and experiments illustrating her conclusion that wide perceptual discrepancies occur in the brain's interpretation of even the simplest musical patterns.
		Two tones spaced an octave apart are alternated repeatedly in the listener's headphones.
		Next, the listener is led through illusions using simple major scales, chromatic scales and glissando, or the gliding up and down of the pitch scale.
	svconline.com /mag/avinstall_cd_review_auditory (750 words)

	Conference Materials
		When the octave is repeatedly alternated, with the ear that previously received the high tone now receiving the low tone, and vice versa, most individuals perceive a shifting pitch that alternates its position between the ears.
		To examine this hypothesized mechanism, we used the tones that generate the octave illusion as forward maskers.
		This suggests that it is primarily the repeated presentation of tones during the octave illusion, rather than alternating dichotic octaves, that influences the representation of the components.
	cognet.mit.edu /library/conferences/paper?paper_id=53539 (214 words)

	The Cambiata Concept
		If the boy was singing in an uncertain fashion or definitely singing in the upper octave, Cooper passed him by, indicating that he was to continue to sing.
		Cooper was concerned that teachers might misclassify the cambiata voice because of an aural illusion of its sounding an octave lower than is actually the case.
		He called this the octave aural illusion, which is due to the richness and depth of the tone quality.
	www.boychoirs.org /brc/library/article010.html (2889 words)

	Experimental Procedure
		Each subject listened to the illusion for 25 seconds and told which ear the higher tone was heard in.
		Each subject listened to the same illusion for 25 seconds and told which ear the higher tone was heard in.
		A graph was drawn to show the number of left and right handers who heard the highest tone of the octave illusion in their right or left ear (fig.
	www.geocities.com /Area51/Corridor/3668/experiment.htm (429 words)

	A paradox of musical pitch
		University of California, San Diego, psychologist Diana Deutsch, PhD, and her colleagues have created an auditory illusion called the tritone paradox, and have found that a person's linguistic history has a lot to do with how the illusion is heard.
		Deutsch's auditory illusion is rooted in the concept of pitch, which can be thought of in two dimensions--height and class.
		Twenty years later, Deutsch added another dimension to Shepard's illusion by giving participants pairs of ambiguous tones, one played after the other, that were related by a tritone (for example, C followed by F#).
	www.apa.org /monitor/julaug01/musicpitch.html (1443 words)

	Visual Illusions Gallery : Index
		Illusions in visual perception occur when experiences, which people report, do not correspond to physical measurements of stimuli.
		Illusions are instances which lack correspondence and these instances can be very informative in helping us to understand how we are structured, how we function, and how we can best represent the world around us.
		Lewis Harvey: The effect of 1.5 octave spatial frequency filters that are isotropic with orientation
	dragon.uml.edu /psych/illusion.html (386 words)

	another octave illusion article (Ranil Sonnadara ) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In this article, we report an intensity component to the illusion which has not previously been discussed, and show that it depends on the sequential nature of the illusion-eliciting stimulus.
		Sonnadara, R.R. and Trainor, L.J. We show that there is an intensity aspect to the Octave Illusion in addition to the pitch and location aspects originally reported by Deutsch (1974).
		We conclude that there is a previously unreported intensity component to the octave illusion, in addition to the pitch and location components.
	www.auditory.org /postings/2004/853.html (283 words)

	Research
		Diana Deutsch created a collection of audio illusions on a CD called "Musical Illusions and Paradoxes" which enables many different experiments for even amateurs that can all help scientists have a greater understanding of the innermost workings of the brain.
		The octave illusion is supposed to be heard differently between left and right handers.
		It is a simple pattern of notes one octave apart that alternate from ear to ear so that when the higher note is played in the right earphone, the lower note will appear in the left, and vice versa.
	www.geocities.com /Area51/Corridor/3668/research.htm (723 words)

	Conference Materials (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		When the octave is repeatedly alternated, such that the ear that previously received the high tone now receives the low tone, and vice versa, participants perceive a shifting pitch that alternates its position from one ear to the other.
		A binaural masking level difference paradigm was also adopted to map the spatial representation of the octave components and determine how these are integrated to generate laterality effects in the illusion.
		Across both experiments, our results have implications for the central postulate of Deutsch's model that, despite perceptual fusion of dichotic octaves in single sources, it is the conservation of frequency and spatial information in the most basic components that drives the octave illusion.
	cognet.mit.edu /library/conferences/paper?paper_id=47111 (236 words)

	Topics of Reflection and Discussion
		In this issue, I wish to consider the nature of illusion along with its countermeasure, which for the sake of intrigue and for the moment, I shall call counter-illusion.
		It is in the recognition that life may be illusion that we confirm that the opposite, the counterillusion, the truth exists.
		In an issue on illusion, one would be remiss not to at least mention extra sensory perception or ESP. ESP is often described as the phenomenon where data, information, and perception of the world around us are acquired outside the realm of the five recognized senses of seeing, smelling, tasting, touching and hearing.
	www.metaphoria.org /ac4t9701.html (2918 words)

	03-02 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The octave illusion presents an enigma to current theories of higher level auditory perception.
		Since the components are integrated and perceptually invisible, a masking design was used to dissect each octave complex and determine whether changes in the detection thresholds of the component frequencies could be correlated with the perception of the illusion.
		Our findings have implications for the neural level at which the octave illusion may arise, and the extent to which non-conscious processing of the sinusoidal components within each octave is contributing to this compelling perceptual phenomenon.
	www.imprint-academic.demon.co.uk /T2000/03-02.html (4697 words)

	Auditory illusion
		An auditory illusion is an illusion of hearing (sense), the
		sound equivalent of an optical illusion: the listener hears either sounds which are not present in the stimulus, or "impossible" sounds.
		Disclaimer: Uploading or downloading of copyrighted works without permission or authorization of the copyright holders may be illegal and subject to civil or criminal liability and penalties.
	www.mp3.fm /Auditory_illusion.htm (115 words)

	Physics 1240 Notes
		Last time we discussed the octave illusion, where octave intervals were played in left and right ears with the right ear hearing "high-low" and the left ear hearing "low-high".
		Let's now look at an illusion that is easier to explain then the Octave and high-low illusions of Diana Deutsch.
		Deutsch's High-Low Illusion Track 6, like the octave illusion, right-handers tend to hear the high note in the right ear.
	www.colorado.edu /UCB/AcademicAffairs/ArtsSciences/physics/phys1240/phys1240_fa04/lecture16a.htm (1192 words)

	Visual Illusions
		After one octave has been played the notes are the same pitch as they were at the start of the octave.
		The illusion is an auditory equivalent of the apparently ever rising lines on a rotating barber's pole or
		The illusion is created because each sound is really composed of many pitch frequencies that are crafted to create this illusion.
	www.gla.ac.uk /philosophy/CSPE/illusions/illusions.html (308 words)

	Adam Kaplan's Science Fair Project
		Tests were performed to check the effect of handedness (left or right), and the primary language/area of origin, on a persons sound perception, using the tritone paradox and octave illusion from a CD by Diana Deutsch a professor of psychology at the University of California at San Diego called "Musical Illusions and Paradoxes".
		Results were examined to show a significant difference in the sound perception between all three locational groups, and left and right handers had very different experiences with the octave illusion.
		The results lead to the conclusion that place of origin and speech pattern have a very large effect on ones perception of sound, and left handers have right brain hemospheric dominance, and right handers are the opposite.
	www.geocities.com /Area51/Corridor/3668/main.htm (186 words)

	The Tritone Effect
		This can be thought of as an auditory counterpart of the apparent motion generated by the colour bar illusion.
		In that illusion, the cue used to determine the direction of motion can be eliminated, resulting in a pattern which doesn't appear to move at all.
		This is surprising because perfect pitch (the ability to identify the absolute pitch of a tone) is rare, but it appears to be the absolute pitch which determines how the ambiguity is resolved.
	www.cs.ubc.ca /nest/imager/contributions/flinn/Illusions/TT/tt.html (712 words)

	index-6
		The asymmetry of brain is important in the perception of some auditory illusions described by Diana Deutsch in 1974.
		In another illusion called scale illusion a set of tones of a major scale is presented ascending and descending, but when a tone is presented to one ear, the following tone is presented to the other ear and vice versa.
		Both the experiments of scale illusion and octave illusion produce in the listener a tendency to hear the higher tones in the right ear.
	csounds.com /ezine/winter1999/perception (2623 words)

	M43
		The effect you describe is related to the octave illusion, which I first reported using tones at 400 and 800 Hz at the Spring, 1974 meeting of the Acoustical Society, and in Nature, 1974, 251, 307-309 (was it really that long ago??).
		Schubert, E. (Eds), Hearing Research and Theory Vol 1, Academic Press 1981, 99-142; 'The octave illusion and the what-where connection' in R. Nickerson (Ed) Attention and Performance VIII, 1980, 575-594; Neuropsychologia 1983, 31, 607-618; and JASA, 1988, 83, 365-368.
		The octave illusion is featured on a number of compact discs, including 'Auditory demonstrations' (Houtsma, Rossing and Wagenaars, published by the Acoustical Society of America and Philips, 1987) and 'Musical Illusions
	ipe.et.uni-magdeburg.de /~blumsche/M43.html (1151 words)

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